• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1998

Lens centration was the fitting variable that was most dependent on base curve radius. Flatter lenses tended to decenter more. A flatter contact lens will likely have to move into the periphery to reach this point of stability. In most cases, the decentration was in the superior and/or temporal direction. It was also found that comfort complains were more common with flatter lenses. The optimal fits was highest with the 8.4mm base curve lens for all three ranges fit eyes decreased as base curve radius was increased. These lenses with steeper radii lead to better centration and therefore to better fit and comfort for more patients than do thin lenses with flatter radii.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.313-340
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of move intention to silver town in Jeju Island. Participants were 449 middle age and elderly who live in Seoul, Gyungido, Inchun Metropolitan and Jeju island. Participants were completed a questionnaire and/or structured interview that included measures of socioeconomic variables, motivation to move, determinants of move selection, conditions of location, and preparation for old age. Results of descriptive analysis revealed that cognition level of sliver industry and silver town was relatively high and medical service was the best necessary field, followed by field of leisure activity, house, life and finance. Logistic regression analyses on the effects of socioeconomic variables on move intention indicated that region, occupation and house ownership had significant effects on move intention to silver town. Result of motivational effect on move intention revealed that solution of offspring's burden was the most important factor, followed by convenient life of the aged, enjoyment of freedom for the elderly life. Result on the influence of determinants of move selection indicated that medical service facilities, resort facilities and leisure, cultural service facilities had significant effect on move intention. Among conditions of location for Jeju island, mild climate, comfort environment and low-price were significant predictors on move intention. Overall, result on relative influence of individual factors indicated that low price factor was the most important predictor, followed by resort facilities, cognition on necessity of silver town, enjoyment of freedom for the elderly life, leisure cultural service facilities, and medical service facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.499-509
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• 2016

The pedestrian traffic flow has more complicated microscopic features than vehicular traffic flow. Without any designated lanes or any guidance, pedestrians naturally move and change their routes in two dimensional domain with ease. Thus the assessment of pedestrian comfort level should be considering the microscopic features of pedestrian flow. This study is aimed at developing pedestrian comfort criteria based upon pedestrian flow simulation model. This study suggests three criteria to determine pedestrian comfort level; the deviation of route, the acceleration of walk, and the number of collision. Each criterion, which can address the unique walking patterns of pedestrian flow, is represented as each different function with respect to traffic flow rate. The criteria can be the additional indicators to determine the level of service of pedestrian flow together with traffic flow rate and walking speed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.15-34
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• 2007

This study was designed to collect a precise information concerning to the preference and evaluations after usage of pregnant Korean woman for the maternity wear bysurvey and wear tests. Through the survey, 212 respondents were asked to answer what type of maternity wear they prefer and what requirements for maternity wear design are important. According to the results of survey, the mostly preferred maternity wear items were pants and one-piece dress. Korean customers for maternity wear usually pay more for the one-piece dress than other items and they also usually put on medium price pants and low-price blouse. Concerning to the purchase criteria, it may be said that design and movability, fit factors are the buying decision criteria of great weight for Korean pregnant women. Special function most desired was thermal insulation, followed by buffer action, electromagnetic shield and quickly water-absorbent and dry property. Preferred maternity wear design details were flat collar, slightly fitted waist and empire style, gather skirt, rubber band waist. Wear test was performed for two kinds of blouse (BL) and one-piece dress (OP), and threekinds of pants (PT), which have different design details respectively. According to the wear test for ready-to-wear maternity garments, the garment which considers well the characteristics of Korean pregnant women body shape earned much higher score no matter of brands or prices. Generally, high-priced national brands received an excellent evaluation in design aspect, but not satisfied with comfort to move.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2016

This study aimed to develop functional underwear for elderly women in their sixties in terms of good fit, wear comfort and body temperature regulation. To satisfy elderly women's physical and metabolical needs, an automatic temperature control system via PCM treatment was applied. Underwear pattern was produced by producing body surface replica, which was derived from 3D body parametric model. Differential ratios of outline length and area between 3D surface and 2D plane were 1.4% and 0.5%, respectively. The reduction rate was determined as 10% through the expert's evaluation. PCM treated fabric showed higher Q-max, meaning that it can facilitate the thermal transition in hot situation. Moreover, it also showed higher insulation to preserve heat and keep warm microclimate in a cold weather. Heat distribution measurements on various body parts revealed that the temperature after PCM treatment was significantly higher. The clothing pressure after 10% pattern reduction showed higher before reduction, at the same time, even lower than the comfort clothing pressure range of $5{\sim}10gf/cm^2$, implying that experimental garment of this research is acceptable in terms of clothing pressure. Evaluation results on the comfort to move in various motions proved that adequate clothing pressure improved the wear comfort in various motions.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.455-463
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions of clothing of disabled adult men using wheelchair, to understand dissatisfactions and problems in wearing garment, and to construct basic data to development of the formal wear for wheelchair user. This study conducted survey of 162 men using wheelchair who regularly enjoy the sports for disabled people or who work in society. The results of this study are follows. The majority of wheelchair user tend to wear garment lying or seating. Therefore, they prefer garments that can be easily put on and off. They were dissatisfied mostly with the size of ready-made garment. More than 75% of the subjects tend to repair the purchased formal wear. Shoulder width and bust circumference are too small, jacket length, sleeve length, and slacks length are too big for disabled men using wheelchair. More than 93% subjects tend to prefer T-shirts, because of comfort and easiness to move. The men using wheelchair consider the function and the hygiene of fabric material for T-shirts as the important end.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.910-926
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• 2022

Suitability for the human body, freedom to move and thermal insulation are important design considerations in military clothing. This study investigates the performance and wearer-satisfaction of the functional inner winter uniform currently used in Korea; it is hoped that our data can inform the development of a future version. Interviews were conducted, in which the participants suggested various improvements. The uniforms were mainly worn for guard duty or as daily attire in cold weather. The participants chose how many layers to wear according to the current situation, rather than sticking to the layering recommended in the manual. Layering choices did not significantly affect combat efficiency but were found to affect wearers' comfort. Wearers' satisfaction was found to depend on the convenience of the clothing, whether it was in the appropriate size, freedom to move and thermal insulation. Also, this study suggests a problem with the current size system, as the analysis of size distribution, across all sizes, the range of current production is insufficient to cover the demand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1050-1057
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• 2012

This study helps develop a cool body armor that maintains a tight-fit configuration to the body surface and evaluates the performance of newly developed body armor in a wear test. Three types of body armor were used for evaluation. One was a tight fitting body armor that was constructed to improve the degree of fit and ease of movement for Korean soldier using 3D technology. Another was ventilating body armor with attached spacers on the shoulder to reduce the thermal stress on the soldier. The third was a prevailing body armor produced by a Korean body armor company. In order to evaluate the performance of the body armor, a human wear test, a thermal mannequin test, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were executed. Five subjects participated in the wear test. Subjective wear sensation, total amount of sweat and dynamic change of clothing microclimate were observed during and after exercise on a treadmill; subsequently, it was found that subjects rated tight fitting body armor and ventilating body armor lighter, drier, and easier to move than the conventional body armor (p<.05). Total amount of sweat was the least in the case of ventilating body armor. The thermal resistance and vapor resistance of the ventilating body armor were improved remarkably. In addition, the skin temperature of the ventilating body armor with spacers was lower than the tight fitting body armor by at least $1^{\circ}C$ in the CFD result. It is noted that thermal-wet comfort of the 3D body armor with ventilating feature is superior to the conventional body armor, especially when the ventilating channel is not closed due to a backpack.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.174-180
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• 1997

This study is on the spacial flexbility of house. In the recent days, it is true that the qualitative aspect of residence rather than the quantitative one has emphasized. But the inhabitants of residence undergo adaptation problems to deal with changing needs constantly. Residence must be the place to satisfy inhabitant's desire to live and dwell. According to changes in family life cylce and personal demand, the flexibility in housing should be beneficial. This study attempts to solve relationships of these need changes and inhabitant's adaptation through the spatial flexibility. Throughout the process of main discourse, some theoretical backgrounds of housing are applied. And to introduce the flexibility of residential space, concepts of flexibility according to 'time' and 'spatial structure' are employed. In addition to functionality and comfort, living should provide a touch of humanity attuned to individual sensibilities. The purpose of this study is to suggest a method can move interior structure by the flexible planning.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.297-315
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• 1992

Caring has been identified as the essence and unifying domin of nursing(Leininger). Many nurses believe that the art of nursing is comprised of actions that are predominantly caring in nature. Although caring has been the traditional ideology of nurses, it is only now beginning to emerge as the central construct for the development of nut sing research, theory and practice. The problem addressed by this study was to identify how hospitalized children and their nurses express the meaning of caring, how they think nurses should care for children and to describe their experiences of being cared for. The purpose was to provide theoretical understanding of caring as perceived in Korea to contribute to the development of Korean nursing knowledge. The subjects were 76 hospitalized children admitted to pediatric units in five teaching hospitals and 66 nurses who were caring for these children. In this descriptive study, data were collected from Nov 11, 1991 to Jan 30, 1992 by interviews and an open-ended questionnaire and analysed by van Kaam's method. Caring themes perceived by the children and their nurses were classified into eight categories, -helping, comfort, love, warmth(only by children), recovery from illness, health maintenance (only by nurses), presence, nurturance and responsibility. Ideal caring behaviors perceived by the children and their nurses were six categories, -to give help, provide comfort, give love, stay with, treat warmly and aid recovery. Subcategories of giving help were promptness and competence, detailed explanations and support and encouragement. Other subcategories of giving help reported only by nurses were individualizing care, recognizing needs and providing a familiar enviornment. Subcategories of maintaining comfort were making comfortable, alleviating pain ; one subcategory reported only by children was consolating. A subcategory of giving love was concern, two subcategories reported only by nurses were compassion and respect. Subcategories of staying with were playing with and touching : only nurses reported empathy, Subcategories of treating warmly were tenderness and kindness. In the experience of caring, there were 4 categories, -to give help, stay with, show concern and provide comfort. Both the hospitalized children and their nurses had experienced caring primarily from their mothers. Mothers' caring behaviors were direct, personal, basic, supportive nursing acts. On the other hand, nurses caring behaviors were task oriented skilled procedures and medically delegated acts. This study contributes understanding of the complexity of caring, more specifically the meaning and experience of caring and ideal caring behaviors. Research may be able to move into verification when instruments are developed to measure the complexity of caring beliefs, values and behaviors in Korea and other cultural settings.