• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.653-663
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• 2000

A lot of hazardous wastes are discharged as by-products of working process by industrial development. Hazardous wastes is physical characteristics of difficult destruction at hight temperature. Numerical simulation and combustion experiment performed of dump incinerator for hazardous waste incineration. For the numerical simulation, the SIMPLEST algorithm was used to ensure rapid converge A K-$\varepsilon$ model was incorporate for the enclosure of turbulence flow. Combustion model was used by ESCRS (extended simple chemically reacting system) model available of CHEMKIN thermodynamic data for the source term of species conservation equation or energy equation. Radiation model is used by six flux model. A parametric screening studies was carried out through numerical simulation and experiment. Residence time and concentration in the incinerator was strongly dependent on the parameters of mixture velocity, mixture equilibrium ratio, surrogate velocity and surrogate equilibrium ratio.

• Carbon letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2000

[ $SO_2$ ]and NO gases that come from the flue gases of most of all industrial combustion processes are harmful to everything include person and industrial facilities. For the simplification of the environmental clean-up processes, we studied the decomposition process by microwave. The microwave can destroy molecules into elementary atoms and offers energy to the atoms to react with carbons. Since the microwave is not absorbed into quartz tube and metallic chamber, the air pollution gases can be removed with much lower energy than in the case of conventional methods. We studied the decomposition of $SO_2$ and NO gases on the carbon beds by microwave. In the microwave field, the gases can be decomposed to form other compounds, such as elementary sulfur, nitrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. It was found that CO gas is formed at higher temperature than is $CO_2$ gas, so it needs to control the bed temperature depend on products that we want to get.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.543-551
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• 1999

Diesel engine is a major source of the air pollution. In general the concentrations of these pollu-tants in diesel engine exhaust differ from values calculated assuming chemical equibrium. Thus the detailed chemical mechanisms by which these pollutions form and the kinetic of these process-es are important in determining emission levels. In this study the computer program has been developed to calculate the required thermodynam-ic properties of combustion products(10 spacies) for both equilibrium and non-equilibrium in cylin-der for diesel engines. Nitric oxide emissions are calculated by using the extended Zeldovich Kinet-ic mechanism with a steady state assumption for the N concentration and equilibrium values used for H, O, $O_2$ and OH concentrations. By the results it is confirmed that developed simulations program with the NO prediction model is validated against residual mass fraction combustion index of Wiebe's functions pre-mixed com-bustion ration fuel injection timing.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2003

For CHNO explosives, two new correlations of the form $P_{CJ}\;=\;8.7({\alpha}T_c')^{1/2}{\rho}_0^2-5\;and\;P_{CJ}\'=\'9.5({\alpha}T_c')^1/2{\rho}_0^2-9$ have been demonstrated, which relate detonation pressure, $P_{CJ}$; combustion temperature of the explosive in gas phase, $T_c$; combustion temperature of the explosive in crystalline state, $T_c'$; and the number of moles of gaseous products per unit weight of explosive, α; at initial density of the explosive, ${\rho}_0$. Experimental and semi-empirical PM3 procedures were used for the computation of $T_c$. Detonation pressures derived in this manner have a simple form without need to use computer code.

• Fire Protection Technology
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• s.19
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• pp.22-28
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• 1995

The rate of heat release is probably the single most important measure of fire hazard. Several tech-niques were developed for the measurement of rate of heat release, but were not suitable for fire test-ing purpose. Recently the application of oxygen consumption principle made it possible to development of well-characterized heat release rate measurement apparatus, the furniture calorimeter for large-scale fire tests and the cone calorimeter for bench-scale fire tests. The cone calorimeter can be used to determine the ignitability as well as heat release rate and smoke development, mass loss rate, combustion gas production etc. from burning materials. Thus, test method using cone calorimeter, an internationally recognized and accepted for the evalua-tion of fire properties, is a very promising tool for combustion study on various kind of materials and products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.71-77
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• 2003

To inject fresh air into a fire room, Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) can be used and the blower of PPV increases inside pressure of the room. It makes high flow rate of products of combustion, smoke and heat from the structure, and it is very helpful to fireman on the fire extinguishing work. The flame moves to the direction of airflow and the temperature of flame can be decreased rapidly. In this experiment, a water mist system is applied to PPV to increase the effectiveness, and various effective factors are studied. n-Heptane and pine wood stick were used as fuel. Temperatures at the above and behind the combustion pan were strongly reduced by the water mist system and by the convective cooling with airflow. The smoke density was also decreased by PPV with water mist system and it can be explained by the absorption of smoke particles on the water mist droplet and by the strong exhausting effects of mobile fan.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2006

The present study investigates the characteristics of fire-driven heat flows and gas concentration in a compartment fire by using the modified VHS model (MVHS). The main idea of this model is to add some source terms for combustion products and oxygen consumption to the original VHS model for providing more accurate and useful information on gas concentration distributions as well as thermal fields. It is found that the present MVHS model shows fairly good agreement with the experimental data and the eddy breakup combustion model. The tilting angle of fire plume calculated by MVHS is larger than that of EBU model because the fire source of VHS is affected by ventilating flow less than EBU. However, this discrepancy is apparently reduced in the downstream region of fire source.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 2017

Woodfiber insulation board can be considered as a one of the key material for low energy consumption, comfortable and safety construction of residential space because of its eco-friendly and high thermal insulation performance. This study was carried out to investigate the formaldehyde (HCHO) total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) emission properties and combustion shapes by flame test of low density fiberboards (LDFs) prepared with different adhesives. HCHO TVOC emission and combustion properties of LDFs prepared by melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF), phenol formaldehyde (PF), emulsified methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (eMDI) and latex resin adhesives were measured by desiccator method, 20 L chamber method, and flame test, respectively. As results, LDFs manufactured by MUF, eMDI and latex resin adhesives satisfied the Super $E_0$ grade of HCHO emission performance except PF resin. Furthermore, TVOC emission of all LDFs were satisfied the Korean indoor air quality standard (below $400{\mu}g/m^2{\cdot}h$). Especially, LDF with eMDI resin adhesive showed the lowest HCHO and TVOC emissivity, that $0.14mg/{\ell}$, $12{\mu}g/m^2{\cdot}h$, respectively. However, eMDI emitted the small amount ($3{\mu}g/m^2{\cdot}h$) of toluene in VOC components. In the flame test, LDF with MUF resin adhesives showed the most favorable shape after flame test compare to LDFs prepared other adhesives. Based on HCHO and TVOC emission, and combustion shapes, MUF resin adhesive may be recommended to prepare LDF for insulation purpose.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 1989

Gasless combustion is a vigorous exothermic reaction ignited directly in solid mixture, similar to Thermit reaction. The gasless combustion synthesis has the advantages of rapid processing, energy saving, low processing cost, and high purity of products. The Ti$Si_x$(x = 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0) systems are prepared by the gasless combustion synthesis without external sintering process. The crystallographic structures of $Ti_5Si_3$, $Ti_5Si_4$ are hexagonal and tetragonal system, respectively. Those of TiSi, $TiSi_2$ are orthorhombic systems. The results of X-ray analysis agree with the JCPDS data. The combustion modes of all combustion reactions are steady state combustions, and the propagation velocities of the combustion waves of $Ti_5Si_3$, $Ti_5Si_4$ and TiSi are greater than 0.6 cm/sec and that of $TiSi_2$ is 0.28 cm/sec.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2017

Objectives: This study estimated the emission quantity of benzo(a)pyrene(BaP) produced by fuel combustion in the Seosan area, and analyzed the uncertainty regarding the emissions. Methods: It was based on data from a national agency and from public institutions. Emissions were estimated by using national-level guidelines. The total estimated emissions were analyzed by performing Monte Carlo analysis. Results: The full emission quantity of BaP which was discharged by fuel combustion in the Seosan area stood at 1,194.79 g/yr. The point source emissions came to 184.16 g/yr (95% CI; 158.40-209.39). The line source emissions reached 315.33 g/yr (95% CI; 284.99-344.03). The area source emissions accounted for 695.31 g/yr (95% CI; 605.10-793.88). Chemical and compound manufacturing was the highest with 639.13 g/yr (95% CI; 542.95-728.24) in terms of emissions and oil refinery emissions were high with 153.10 g/yr (95% CI; 129.19~177.46). It was found in the Seosan area that the major source of BaP is the manufacturing of chemicals and chemical products. Conclusion: The emission quantity of BaP which was discharged by the fuel combustion in Seosan area reached 1,194.79 g/yr. Research needs to be continued for the definite estimation of emission of BaP henceforth.