Cho Sung-Woo;Lee Young-Tak;Choi Jin-Ho;Kim Si-Wook;Park Kay-Hyun;Park Pyo-Won;Sung Ki-Ick
Journal of Chest Surgery
/
v.39
no.8
s.265
/
pp.604-610
/
2006
Background: Recent improvements in interventional procedure and medical therapy for congestive heart failure result in an increase of number of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy considered for coronary artery bypass grafting. We retrospectively review the results of CABG in these patients with decreased LV function to know the early and mid-term follow-up results. Material and Method: Between January 2001 and June 2005, 1,143 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and 144 of these patients had preoperative left ventricular function of equal to or less than 35% ${(LVEF{\leq}\;35%)}$. There were off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) in 66 cases (45.8%), on-pump beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting in 34 cases (23.6%) and conventional coronary artery bypass grafting in 44 cases (30.6%). The combined operations including mitral annuloplasty were 48 cases in thirty five patients (24.3%). Result: The mean number of dstal anastomosis were $3.5{\pm}1.3$. The median postoperative duration of stay in intensive care unit and hospital was 2 days and 8 days, respectively. There were 6 early death (4.2%) and causes of deaths were ventricular tachycardia in 5 patients, small bowel infarction in one patient. Mean follow-up time was $21{\pm}14$ months $(4{\sim}54\;months)$. The 1-year was $95{\pm}2%$ and 3-year survival rate was $83{\pm}7%$, the 1-year and 3-year cardiac event-free survival were ${88{\pm}3%\;and\;69{\pm}7%}$, respectively. Conclusion: Based on satisfactory early and mid-term results in our study, CABG should be carried out as actively as possible in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Postoperative aggressive management for ventricular arrhythmia would be helpful for better results.
Kim, Sun Young;Kim, Se Rim;Lee, Jung Chang;Yi, Ho Keun;Lee, Dae Yeol;Hwang, Pyoung Han
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
/
v.49
no.4
/
pp.431-438
/
2006
Purpose : Insulin-like growth factor binding protein(IGFBP)-3 has been known as a tumor suppressor gene, and its anti-tumor function was divided into insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-dependent and IGF-independent mechanism. In IGF-independent mechanism, IGFBP-3 directly interacts with a cell without binding of IGFs, becoming an interesting object in oncology. Several studies demonstrate that one of the well-known tumor suppressor genes, p53, induces directly IGFBP-3 transcription, and the increment of IGFBP-3 expression induces apoptosis of many cancer cells. Recently, the anti-tumor mechanisms of IGFBP-3 have been reported, but post-translational modification of IGFBP-3 and its anti-tumor mechanism are not well known. In this study, we examined whether p53 regulated the glycosylation of IGFBP-3, and analysed the meaning of IGFBP-3 glycosylation related to the apoptosis of cancer cell. Methods : The p53-mutated status of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was used in this experiment. The expression and glycosylation of IGFBP-3 were tested by Western blot analysis after infection of adenovirus mediated Ad/p53 and/or Ad/IGFBP-3. Results : Ad/p53 infected cells resulted in growth retardation and the induced apoptosis. p53 induced direct expression and glycosylation of IGFBP-3. The increase of glcosylated IGFBP-3 was able to promote cellular apoptosis, and the glycosylation of IGFBP-3 was more activated by the double treatment of Ad/p53 and Ad/IGFBP-3. Conclusion : From this study, the anti-tumor activity of IGFBP-3 was shown to improve the stabilization of IGFBP-3 through the increment of glycosylation of IGFBP-3 by p53. This result suggests that the combined gene therapy of p53 and IGFBP-3 may appropriate treatment of cancer.
Kay Chul Seung;Choi Ihl Bohng;Jang Jl Young;Choi Byung Ok;Kim In Ah;Shinn Kyung Sub
Radiation Oncology Journal
/
v.14
no.2
/
pp.115-122
/
1996
Purpose : To improve the treatment results of locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients we treated those patients with regional hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy. And we conducted a retrospective analysis of the results. Material and Methods Thirty two nonsmall cell lung cancer Patients treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College were the base of this analysis. Fourteen patients of above them were treated with hyperthermia and radiotherapy of more than 3000 cGy in radiation dose. Radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia was administered twice weekly immediately after radiotherapy. Total sessions of hyperthermia ranged from 3 to 13 times (mean 7.8). Eighteen patient received an external radiation therapy alone Median radiation dose was 5580 cGy (range, 3000-7000 cGy) in fraction of 180-300 cGy, 5 fractions per week. Results: The results of themoradiotherapy group (HTRT group) were compared with radiation alone group (RT group). There were no complete response (CR) and 12 Partial responses (PR) (CR rate $0\%$, response rate $85.7\%$) in HTRT group, whereas there were 2 CRs, 8 PRs and 8 no responses (CR rate $11.1\%$, response rate $55.6\%$) in RT group. There was significant differece in local response rate of the tumors between RT group and HTRT group (p < 0.05). Overall 2 rear survival rate and mean survival were $7.1\%$ and 10.5 months for HTRT group, and $0\%$ and 8.1 months for RT group. However, by the number of hyperthermia. in cases with more than or equal to 10 sessions of hyperthermia, there were significant improvement in 2 year year survival rate and mean survival ($40.0\%$ and 18.2 months) compared with those in cases with less than 10 sessions of hyperhtemia ($7.4\%$ and 7.4 months) (p < 0.05). Conclusion : Thermoradiotherapy in locally advanced NSCLC patients increased their response rate but not 2 year survival and mean survival, therefore thermoradiotherpy with enough number of hyperthermia is suggested that may be one of the effective palliative treatments of those patients. And in cases with more than 10 sessions of hyperthermia, there showed improved 2 year survival rate and mean survival But the number of the cases was small further study in this aspect is required.
Kim, In-Ah;Choi, Ihl-Bhong;Kang, Ki-Mun;Shinn, Kyung-Sub;Kim, Hack-Ki
Radiation Oncology Journal
/
v.14
no.2
/
pp.137-147
/
1996
Purpose : This report is the result f retrospective analysis for children who received prophylactic cranial irradiation combined with intrathecal chemotherapy. Materials and Methods : Ninety children with ALL who had got bone marrow remission after induction chemotherapy received PCI. All but 3 children were treated with a dose of 1800 cGy as a standard regimen. While the PCI was given, all patients received intrathecal chemotherapy. Results : Nine of 90 patients experienced CNS relapse during the duration of follow-up ranged from 36 to 96 months (median 60 months). Three children experienced BM relapse prior to CNS relapse. Therefore, CNS relapse rate as the first adverse event was $6.7\%$. Median time interval of CNS relapse was 16 months from the first day of hematologic complete remission. Eighty-nine percent of patients who had CNS relapse were associated with hematologic relapse. and $78\%$ of CNS relpase occurred during maintenance chemotherapy (on-therapy relapse). The CNS RFS at 2 and 5 years are $68\%$ and $42\%$, respectively with median of 43 months. The Prognostic factors affecting CNS RFS are initial WBC count (cut-off point of 50,000/ul), FAB subtype and CALGB risk criteria. The DFS at 2 and 5 years are 61 and $39\%$, respectively with median of 34 months. The prognostic factors affecting DFS are initial WBC count (cut-off point of 50,000/ul), FAB subtype, POG and CALGB risk criteria. Conclusions : In our study, $6.7\%$ of CNS relapse rate as a first adverse event was comparable with other studies. Various risk criteria was based on age at diagnosis and initial WBC count such as POG and CALGB criteria, had prognostic significance for CNS RFS and DFS. Prospective randomized trial according to prognostic subgroup based on risk criteria and systematic study about neuropsychologic function for long term survivors, are essential to determine the most effective and least toxic form of CNS prophylaxis.
Purpose : To conduct nationwide surgery on the principles In radiotherapy for rectal center, and develop the framework of a database of Korean Patterns of Care Study. Materials and Methods : A consensus committee was established to develop a tool for measuring the Patterns in radiotherapy Protocols for rectal cancer. The Panel was composed of radiation oncologists from 18 hospitals in Seoul Wetropolltan area. The committee developed a survey format to analyze radiation oncologist's treatment principles for rectal cancer. The survey items developed for measuring the treatment principles were composed of 1) 8 eliglblllty criteria, 2) 20 Items for staging work-ups and prognostic factors, 3) 7 Items for principles of combined surgery and chemotherapy, 4) 9 patient set-ups, 5) 19 determining radiation fields, 6) S radiotherapy treatment pians, 7) 4 physicalilaboratory examination to monitor a patient's condition during treatment, and 8) 10 follow-up evaluations. These items were sent to radiation oncoioglsts In charge of gastrolntestlnal malignancies in all hospitals (48 hospitals) In Korea to which 30 replies were received (63$\%$). Results : Most of the surrey Items were replied to without no major between the repliers, but with the fellowing items only 50$\%$ of repliers were in agreement : 1) Indications of preoperative radiation, 2) use of endorectal ultrasound, CT scan, and bone scan for staging work-ups, 3) principles of combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy, 4) use of contrast material for small bowel delineation during simulation, 5) determination of field margins, and 6) use of CEA and colonoscopy for follow-up evaluations. Conclusions : The Items where considerable disaggrement was shown among the radiation oncologists seemed to make no serious difference In the treatment outcome, but a practical and reasonable consensus should be reached by the committee, with logical processes of agreement. These Items can be used for a basic database for the Patterns of Care Study, which will survey the practical radiotherapy Patterns for rectal cancer in Korea.
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.25
no.6
/
pp.1006-1015
/
1996
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary calcium-salt, estrogen-treatment, and estrogen/calcium treatment on calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen metabolism. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with a body weight of 250~280g were underwent ovariectomy or sham-operation. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 9 different experimental groups including the saline-treated group, the estrogen-treated group, the high calcium salt-treated group, and the estrogen/calcium treated groups and fed for 6 weeks. Each group daily intake and excretion of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen were measured and apparent digestibility and balance were also studied. The results were as follows: The excretion level of winn calcium was significantly higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation group(p<0.01) and reduced with estrogen treatment but this difference was not statistically significant. Fecal loss of calcium was higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation group(p<0.001). When the estrogen was treated, fecal loss was decreased and then apparent digestibility of calcium was increased. Calcium balance was significantly higher the high calcium treated groups than the control diet groups. The excretion level of urinary Phosphorus was higher the ovariectomized rats than sham-operation group, while these showed to be decreased in the calcium salt, the estrogen and the estrogen/calcium treated groups(p<0.01). Fecal loss of phosphrous was higher in the ovariectomized rats. When the estrogen was treated, the fecal loss was decreased in the avariectomized rat than that of other groups. The excretion level of urinary nitrogen was higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation, while these showed to be decreased in the estrogen, the estrogen/calcium, and the estrogen gradually reduction/calcium intensification. Fecal loss of nitrogen was decreased in tile estrogen treated group. The results in this study showed that high calcium, estrogen/calcium and estrogen gradually reduction/calcium intensification in the ovariectomized rats enhanced calcium balance compared to the ovariectomized rats without calcium treatment, but little effects on the phosphorus and nitrogen balance.
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
/
v.28
no.2
/
pp.435-459
/
1998
In order to achieve a successful endodontic treatment, root canals must be obturated three-dimensionally without causing any damage to apical tissues. Accurate length determination of the root canal is critical in this case. For this reason, I've used the conventional periapical radiography, Digora/sup (R)/(digital imaging system) and Root ZX/sup (R)/(the frequency dependent type apex locator) to measure the length of the canal and compare it with the true length obtained by cutting the tooth in half and measuring the length between the occlusal surface and the apical foramen. From the information obtained by these measurements, I was able to evaluate the accuracy and clinical usefulness of each systems. whether the thickness of files used in endodontic therapy has any effect on the measuring systems was also evaluated in an effort to simplify the treatment planning phase of endodontic treatment. 29 canals of 29 sound premolars were measured with #15, #20, #25 files by 3 different dentists each using the periapical radiography. Digora/sup (R)/ and Root ZX/sup (R)/. The measurements were then compared with the true length. The results were as follows: 1. In comparing mean discrepancies between measurements obtained by using periapical radiography(mean error: -0.449±0.444 mm), Digora/sup (R)/(mean error: -0.417±0.415 mm) and Root ZX/sup (R)/(mean error: 0.123±0.458 mm) with true length. periapical radiography and Digora/sup (R)/ system had statistically significant differences(p<0.05) in most cases while Root ZX/sup (R)/ showed none(p>0.05). 2. By subtracting values obtained by using periapical radiography, Digora/sup (R)/ and Root ZX/sup (R)/ from the true length and making a distribution table of their absolute values. the following analysis was possible. In the case of periapical film. 140 out of 261<53.6%) were clinically acceptable satisfying the margin of error of less than 0.5 mm. 151 out of 261 (53,6%) were acceptable in the Digora/sup (R)/ system while Root ZX/sup (R)/ had 197 out of 261(75.5%) within the limits of 0.5mm margin of error. 3. In determining whether the thickness of files has any effect on measuring methoths, no statistically significant differences were found(p>0.05). 4. In comparing data obtained from these methods in order to evaluate the difference among measuring methods, there was no statistically significant difference between periapical radiography and Digora/sup (R)/ system(p>0.05), but there was statistically significant difference between Root ZX/sup (R)/ and periapical radiography(p<0.05). Also there was statistically significant difference between Root ZX/sup (R)/ and Digora/sup (R)/ system(p<0.05). In conclusion, Root ZX/sup (R)/ was more accurate when compared with the Digora/sup (R)/ system and periapical radiography and seems to be more effective clinically in determining root canal length. But Root ZX/sup (R)/ has its limits in determining root morphology and number of roots and its accuracy becomes questionable when apical foramen is open due to unknown reasons. Therefore the combined use of Root ZX/sup (R)/ and the periapical radiography are mandatory. Digora/sup (R)/ system seems to be more effective when periapical radiographs are needed in a short period of time because of its short processing time and less exposure.
Min Jae Hong;Paek Kyung Hoon;Park Kyung Mi;Kim Jung Sue;Ha Il Soo;Cheong Hae Il;Kim Joong Gon;Choi Yong
Childhood Kidney Diseases
/
v.3
no.1
/
pp.80-87
/
1999
Purposes : Renal involvement is a potentially serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There have been only few studies of lupus nephritis in pediatric age. In this study, the clinical manifestations, pathologic findings, response to treatment, and clinical course of lupus nephritis in children were analyzed. And the results will provide basic data for future nation-wide prospective multi-center study. Methods . The medical records of 46 children clinically and pathologically diagnosed to have lupus nephritis at Seoul National University Children's Hospital during 1986 to 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. Results : 1) The median age of diagnosis of lupus nephritis was 12.8 years ($2\;years\~\;15year$ 8months), and the sex ratio was 1:2.5. 2) FANA($85.7\%$), anti-ds-DNA antibody ($78.0\%$), and malar rash ($60.8\%$) were the most common findings among the classification criteria by ARA Decreased C3 was detected in $88.9\%$ of patients. 3) Hematuria ($87.0\%$) was the most common renal symptom, and WHO class IV lupus nephritis was identified in 41 cases by renal biopsy. 4) In most of patients, the disease activity was controlled relatively well with a single or combined therapy of prednisolone, azathioprine, or cyclophosphamide. The response revealed no difference according to the mode of treatment. 5) Infection, especially of Varicella-Zoster virus and candida, was the most common complication during the disease course. Conclusion : The renal involvement was noted in $87.0\%$ of childhood SLE, and $89.1\%$ of renal lesions was WHO class IV lupus nephritis known to associated with poor long-term prognosis. So, aggressive treatment using immunosuppressants in the early disease course may be helpful to increase long-term prognosis of lupus nephritis. A prospective multi-center study is necessary to analyze the therapeutic efficacy of various treatment modalities.
Kim, Kyo-Sun;Kim, Kee-Hyuk;Kim, Sang-Yun;Kang, Yong-Joo;Maeng, Won-Jae
Childhood Kidney Diseases
/
v.2
no.2
/
pp.125-132
/
1998
Purpose : To study whether a low protein diet increase the efficacy of antihypertensive therapy on the progression of renal failure, we conducted an experimental study using 5/6 nephrectomized rats(n=63). Methods : At 7 days after surgery, rats were randomly assigned to three groups according to receiving antihypertensive drug: no antihypertensive drug (U), enalapril (E), and nicardipine (N), respectively and fed a low protein diet (6$\%$ protein). Proteinuria, mesangial matrix expansion score and glomerular volume were assessed at 4, 12 and 16 weeks after renal ablation. Results : Group U rats on a low protein diet developed progressive hypertension ($140{\pm}8,\;162{\pm}5,\;171{\pm}5\;and\;184{\pm}11\;mmHg$ at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks) which were controlled by E and N. Group U rats on a low protein diet developed proteinuria ($74{\pm}15\;mg/day$ at 16 weeks) which were decreased by E ($42{\pm}12 mg/day$) or N ($48{\pm}8 mg/day$) (p<0.05). Mesangial matrix expansion score and glomerular volume were not different between groups U, E and N on a low protein diet regardless of the antihypertensive drugs administered. Conclusion : A low protein diet did not affect blood pressure. Enalapril and nicardipine-treated rats on a low protein diet did not have different mesangial matrix expansion and glomerular volumes from rats on a low protein diet at 12 weeks and 16 weeks, in spite of the better controlling of systemic hypertension and lessening of proteinuria. Thus, combined treatment with a low protein diet and antihypertensive drugs didn't appear to show any addition,11 effects to attenuate glomerular injury.
The purpose of the Monte Carlo simulation study was to provide the optimized nozzle design to satisfy the beam conditions for biomedical researches in the Korean heavy-ion accelerator, RAON. The nozzle design was required to produce $C^{12}$ beam satisfying the three conditions; the maximum field size, the dose uniformity and the beam contamination. We employed the GEANT4 toolkit in Monte Carlo simulation to optimize the nozzle design. The beams for biomedical researches were required that the maximum field size should be more than $15{\times}15cm^2$, the dose uniformity was to be less than 3% and the level of beam contamination due to the scattered radiation from collimation systems was less than 5% of total dose. For the field size, we optimized the tilting angle of the circularly rotating beam controlled by a pair of dipole magnets at the most upstream of the user beam line unit and the thickness of the scatter plate located downstream of the dipole magnets. The values of beam scanning angle and the thickness of the scatter plate could be successfully optimized to be $0.5^{\circ}$ and 0.05 cm via this Monte Carlo simulation analysis. For the dose uniformity and the beam contamination, we introduced the new beam configuration technique by the combination of scanning and static beams. With the combination of a central static beam and a circularly rotating beam with the tilting angle of $0.5^{\circ}$ to beam axis, the dose uniformity could be established to be 1.1% in $15{\times}15cm^2$ sized maximum field. For the beam contamination, it was determined by the ratio of the absorbed doses delivered by $C^{12}$ ion and other particles. The level of the beam contamination could be achieved to be less than 2.5% of total dose in the region from 5 cm to 17 cm water equivalent depth in the combined beam configuration. Based on the results, we could establish the optimized nozzle design satisfying the beam conditions which were required for biomedical researches.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.