• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.128-137
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• 1978

Aspirin and prednisolone have been used alone or in combination in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. We have investigated the significance of the difference of the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities between single and concurrent administration of aspirin and prednisolone in rats by using carrageenan as a phlogistic agent and brewer's yeast as a fever inducing agent. When prednisolone (9mg/kg) and aspirin (24mg/kg) were administered orally alone or in combination, both of the concurrent and single adminstration inhibited highly significantly the swelling of rat paw and the concurrent adminstraiton of aspirin and prednisolone showed the significantly higher inhibitory effects than aspirin single adminstration did, whereas there were not any significant differences between the prednisolone single adminstration and combined adminstration. The combined drug of aspirin and prednisolone marketed in Korea contains 148mg of aspirin and 1.15mg of prednisolone in a tablet. Therefore, we examined the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of aspirin (150mg/kg), prednisolone (1mg/kg) and their combination. In anti-inflammatory effects, both of the concurrent and single administration inhibited higly significantly the swelling of rat paw, and the concurrent adminstration exhibited the significantly higher inhibitory effects than aspirin or prednisolon alone did. In antipyretic effects both of the concurrent and the single adminstration reduced significantly the brewer's yeast-induced fever. The effect of concurrent administration was greater than that of prednisolone single adminstration, whereas the effect of aspirin single adminstration was similar to that of combination. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects are intensified by the concurrent adminstration of aspirin and prednisolone, but the antipyretic effects of enough doses of aspirin (150mg/kg) is comparable to that of the combination preparation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.422-429
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• 2021

Background: Carnosine has antioxidative and neuroprotective properties against hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Hypothermia is used as a therapeutic tool for HI encephalopathy in newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia. However, the combined effects of these therapies are unknown. Purpose: Here we investigated the effects of combined carnosine and hypothermia therapy on HI brain injury in neonatal rats. Methods: Postnatal day 7 (P7) rats were subjected to HI brain injury and randomly assigned to 4 groups: vehicle; carnosine alone; vehicle and hypothermia; and carnosine and hypothermia. Carnosine (250 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered at 3 points: immediately following HI injury, 24 hours later, and 48 hours later. Hypothermia was performed by placing the rats in a chamber maintained at 27℃ for 3 hours to induce whole-body cooling. Sham-treated rats were also included as a normal control. The rats were euthanized for experiments at P10, P14, and P35. Histological and morphological analyses, in situ zymography, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays, and immunofluorescence studies were conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the various interventional treatments. Results: Vehicle-treated P10 rats with HI injury showed an increased infarct volume compared to sham-treated rats during the triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining study. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that vehicle-treated P35 rats with HI injury had decreased brain volume in the affected hemisphere. Compared to the vehicle group, carnosine and hypothermia alone did not result in any protective effects against HI brain injury. However, a combination of carnosine and hypothermia effectively reduced the extent of brain damage. The results of in situ zymography, TUNEL assays, and immunofluorescence studies showed that neuroprotective effects were achieved with combination therapy only. Conclusion: Carnosine and hypothermia may have synergistic neuroprotective effects against brain damage following HI injury.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a combined exercise program on the level of physical fitness and fatigue for cancer survivors. Methods: The subjects were all of 61 persons consisted of prostate cancer(n=22), breast cancer (n=20), and stomach cancer(n=19) survivors. The exercise program was composed of a wall exercise, a chair exercise, a towel exercise and a bottle exercise which lasted 50-60 minutes each, two times a week for 12 weeks. The outcome measures were the fat mass, the muscle mass, the grip strength, the sit and reach, the 6 minutes walk, & fatigue. Results: At the completion of the 12-week combined exercise program, there were statistically significant differences in the grip strength, the sit & reach, the 6 minutes walk, & fatigue for the prostate, breast, and stomach cancer survivors. But no significant differences were found in the muscle mass between the pretest and posttest. Conclusion: As the 12-week combined exercise program was proved to be an effective intervention for improving muscle strength, flexibility, cardiopulmonary fitness & fatigue, it is thought that the program can be utilized as a rehabilitation program for cancer survivors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2583-2585
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• 2016

Objectives: To evaluate efficacy and toxicity in patients with advanced lung cancer, including non-small cell and small cell variants (NSCLC and SCLC), treated with thalidomide plus chemotherapy. Methods: Fourteen patients with advanced lung cancer were scheduled to receive chemotherapy combined with thalidomide. All patients in this study received thalidomide (100 mg orally per night before sleeping, produced by Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co.Ltd) after the start of chemotherapy for at least 14 days. Chemotherapy was administered according to the condition of patients. After at least 14 days of treatment, efficacy and toxicity were evaluated. Results: There were 6 female and 8 male patients with advanced lung cancer recruited into this study, including 2 with SCLC and 12 with NSCLC. The median age was 56.7 (44-65) years. Progressive disease was observed in 12 patients (12/14), and stable disease in 2 (2/14). Grade 1 to 2 myelosuppression was observed in 4/14 patients, and Grade 1 to 2 elevation of hepatic enzymes was recorded in 5/14 patients. Adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract were documented in 2/14 patients, all beingGrade 1. No Grade 3-4 toxicity was recorded. No treatment related deaths occurred. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that thalidomide combined with chemotherapy is mildly effective and safe for treating patients with advanced lung cancer. However, further evaluation of this combination is warranted.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the synergistic effects of combined therapy of steroid and anti-neoplastic drug injection on hypertrophic scars in a rabbit model. Methods: Adult male white rabbits weighing about 2.5 kg were used. After full thickness wounding (about 6 mm) over the ventral surface of each ear sized was made, either saline (control group), triamcinolone, 5-fluoruracil, and mixture of triamcinolone and 5-fluoruracil were injected once 16 days after the wound was made. Rabbits were sacrificed 2, 4 and 8 weeks after injection, and tissue specimens were prepared for histologic and histomorphometric examinations. Results: With the combined injection of triamcinolone and 5-fluoruracil, collagen fiber thickness was arranged in a somewhat irregular manner 2 weeks after injection. After 4 weeks, blood vessels and inflammatory cells were decreased, and collagen fibers were arranged in an almost parallel manner. By 8 weeks, almost same amount of connective tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue was observed. Conclusion: These results indicated that combined injection of triamcinolone and 5-fluoruracil reduced the amount of hypertrophic scars by inhibition of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Therefore, combined injection of triamcinolone and 5-fluoruracil is a more potent and effective treatment of hypertrophic scars compared with the single injection of either triamcinolone or 5-fluorouracil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.513-523
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of the forced pulmonary function test effect and abdominal muscles activation by combined complex exercise with abdominal drawing-in maneuver training of chronic stroke patients. METHODS: 14 post stroke patients(10 males and 4 females) involved voluntary this study and we divided two groups into CEG(complex exercise group) and CEAG (complex exercise and abdominal drawing-in maneuver group).(n=7, per goup). Each groups implicated the 2 times, 30minute exercises for 6 weeks a day. The CEAG performed the complex exercise 15 minutes and 15 minutes of abdominal drawing-in maneuver. For data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were estimated; non-parametric independent t-test was carried out. RESULTS: According to the study, in the combined complex exercise with abdominal drawing-in maneuver group, FVC and activation of transversus abdominis/internal oblique were statistically significant difference compared to the complex exercise group. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the combined complex with abdominal drawing-in maneuver was efficient in enhancing abdominal muscles activation and pulmonary function of chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.633-644
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was to investigate vascular dementia elders's activities of daily living, quality of life index and to determine how much vascular dementia elders is influenced by the 12 weeks combined exercise program with aerobic training and resistance exercise. Methods : Thirty patients with vascular dementia over 65 in B geriatrics hospital were recruited this study. Activities of daily living were measured by I-ADL(instrumental-activities of daily living) and B-ADL(basic-Activities of daily living) and quality of life index was measured by GQOL-D(geriatric quality of life scaledementia). Statistical analysis was used repeated one-way ANOVA to test mean difference by using SPSS 12.0 for windows. Results : After comparing the activities of daily living of experimental group that of control group according to the period of exercise, there were statistically significant differences in I-ADL, B-ADL score test and GQOL-D index test of both experimental and control groups. There was also a significant difference in comparing the results of 12 weeks exercise of the groups. Conclusion : 12 weeks combined exercise program had a good influence on vascular dementia elders's activities of daily living and quality of life index.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.700-705
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• 2006

Purpose: For hypertrophic scars and keloids no universally effective treatment modality exists. Surgical revision, intralesional steroid injection, silicone gel sheeting, pressure, laser, and others have been used with variable success, but many treatments are associated with high recurrence rates. Although optimal treatment remains undefined, successful treatment can be obtained through a combined therapeutic approach. Methods: We used three therapeutic modalities in combination, which are intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide, silicone gel sheeting, and 585 nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser. Fifty-eight cases of hypertrophic or keloid scar were treated by combined therapeutic regimen for mean period of 18 months. The changes of thickness, color, and pliability of scars were evaluated with clinical photographs by grading scale. Results: As summing the grades and categorizing the result into three group, we obtained 28% good, 67% fair, and 5% poor results. There was a desirable improvement of scars with insignificant adverse effects. Conclusion: Combination of intralesional steroid injection, silicone gel sheeting, and pulsed dye laser can lead to successful treatment of hypertrophic scar and keloid.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2017

A cyclone is an effective tool to facilitate the collection of aerosol particles without using filters, and in cell exposure studies is able to collect a sufficient amount of aerosol particles to evaluate their adverse health effect. In this study, we examined two different methods to improve the aerosol particle collection efficiency of a cyclone. The individual and combined effects of reducing the surface roughness of the inner wall of the cyclone and of using a circular cone attachment were tested. The collection efficiency of particles of diameter $0.2{\mu}m$ was improved by approximately 10% when using a cyclone with a smoothened inner wall (average roughness $Ra=0.08{\mu}m$) compared with the original cyclone ($Ra=5.1{\mu}m$). A circular cone attachment placed between the bottom section of the cyclone and the top section of a collection bottle, resulted in improved collection of smaller particles without the attachment. The 50% cutoff diameter of the modified cyclone (combined use of smoothened inner wall and attachment) was $0.23{\mu}m$ compared to $0.28{\mu}m$ in the original model. The combined use of these two techniques resulted in improved collection efficiency of aerosol particles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.4 no.4 s.15
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• pp.21-26
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• 2004

It is muck important to determine the intercepting capacities as measures for reducing the load of contamination influenced by CSOs during wet weather period. Intercepting and treating the whole rainfalls can be best measured for reducing the contamination load, but it is not desirable in view of scale and preservation of the wastewater treatment facilities. This study analyzed the quantity and quality of the water in the combined sewer by method of changing the type and size of drainage basin and intercepting capacities in rainfalls, estimate the influence the other CSOs at the change of planned intercepted quantity, and compared the degree of contamination load between the combined system and separate system by examining the influence of the other CSOs at the change of planned intercepted quantity.