• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.507-517
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of team-based problem-based learning combined with smart education among nursing students. Methods: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group, pre-posttest design was used. The experimental group (n=36) received problem-based learning combined with smart education and lectures 7 times over the course of 7 weeks (100 minutes weekly). Control group (n=34) only received instructor-centered lectures 7 times over the course of 7 weeks (100 minutes weekly). Data were analyzed using the $x^2$ test, the Fisher exact test, and the independent t-test with SPSS for Windows version 21.0. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group reported increased learning motivation (t=2.70, p=.009), problem-solving ability (t=2.25, p=.028), academic self-efficacy (t=4.76, p<.001), self-learning ability (t=2.78, p<.001), and leadership (t=2.78, p=.007) relative to the control group. Conclusion: Team-based problem-based learning combined with smart education and lectures was found to be an effective approach for increasing the learning motivation, problem-solving ability, academic self-efficacy, self-learning ability, and leadership of nursing students.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.287-301
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Gait training for stroke patients focuses on adjusting to new environments to facilitate outdoor walking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of various ground obstacle walking combined with treadmill walking on the gait parameters and functional gait ability of chronic stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-four chronic stroke patients were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). The experimental group received a combined gait training using various ground obstacle walking and treadmill walking (VGOW) five times/week for four weeks. The control group received traditional treadmill training (TW) five times/week for four weeks. Patients were evaluated using the figure-8 walk test (F8WT) and the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) before and after each intervention. Results: The ANCOVA results showed that both treatments significantly influenced F8WT steps, F8WT time, and FGA score. The paired t-test results showed a significant improvement in F8WT steps, F8WT time, and FGA score in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: Combined gait training using various ground obstacle walking and treadmill walking can improve gait ability in chronic stroke patients.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.295-300
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on jump performance and balance in soccer player with functional ankle instability of difference of neuromuscular training. In 33 male college soccer player with functional ankle instability subjects of this study randomization, combined training group (group I, n=11), balance training group (group II, n=11) and control group (group III, n=11) that included in the plyometric training and balance training was classified group. The intervention was conducted three times a week for 8 weeks. Before and after intervention, measured in surface area ellipse and countermovement jump and countermovement jump with arm swing. Showed a significant improvement in postural control and jump performance from the combined training group and balance training group compared to the control group. Showed a significant improvement in countermovement jump from the combined training group compared to the balance training group. Combined training and balance training showed the increased jump performance and postural control in soccer player with functional ankle instability.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.765-775
• /
• 2001

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of surgical therapy combined with the usage of metronidazole gel in the treatment of juvenile periodontitis by comparing clinical indices of flap operation along with application of metronidazole gel and flap operation only. Comparing clinical indices of the baseline, 3 months after surgery, 6 months after surgery statistically, the results are as follows; 1. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). BOP increased 0.9% in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, decreased 4.7% (p>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in these groups (p>0.05). 2. Pocket probing depth (PPD) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). PPD increased 0.lmm in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, no increase of the depth could be observed (p>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant and difference in these groups (p>0.05). 3. Loss of attachment level(LOA) was decreased significantly both in the experimental group and the control group at 3 months after surgery (p<0.05). LOA increased 0.2mm in the control group 6 months after surgery, while in the experimental group, increased 0.3mm However, there was no statistically significant difference in these groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, flap operation was effective on the treatment of juvenile periodontitis. However, combined therapy of metronidazole gel could not give rise to any significant adjunctive effect on the treatment outcome.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.375-393
• /
• 2006

Under high velocity, pulse type near source earthquakes semi-active control systems are very effective in reducing seismic response base isolated structures. Semi-active control systems can be classified as: 1) independently variable stiffness, 2) independently variable damping, and 3) combined variable stiffness and damping systems. Several researchers have studied the effectiveness of independently varying damping systems for seismic response reduction of base isolated structures. In this study effectiveness of a combined system consisting of a semi-active independently variable stiffness (SAIVS) device and a magnetorheological (MR) damper in reducing seismic response of base isolated structures is analytically investigated. The SAIVS device can vary the stiffness, and hence the period, of the isolation system; whereas, the MR damper enhances the energy dissipation characteristics of the isolation system. Two separate control algorithms, i.e., a nonlinear tangential stiffness moving average control algorithm for smooth switching of the SAIVS device and a Lyapunov based control algorithm for damping variation of MR damper, are developed. Single and multi degree of freedom systems consisting of sliding base isolation system and both the SAIVS device and MR damper are considered. Results are presented in the form of nonlinear response spectra, and effectiveness of combined variable stiffness and variable damping system in reducing seismic response of sliding base isolated structures is evaluated. It is shown that the combined variable stiffness and variable damping system leads to significant response reduction over cases with variable stiffness or variable damping systems acting independently, over a broad period range.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.192-196
• /
• 2016

Background: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of combined subacromial and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for control of postoperative pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods: Between May 2012 and August 2014, 60 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with acromioplasty and received patient-controlled analgesia were studied prospectively. Cases were divided into 2 groups: combined subacromial and intravenous infusion group (group A, 30 cases) and solitary intravenous infusion group (group B, 30 cases). The visual analogue scale was used to record the patient's level of pain every 12 hours during postoperative 72 hours and the following 48 hours after the suspension of patient-controlled analgesia. Results: The mean preoperative visual analogue scale score was 7.8 in group A and 7.6 in group B, and the immediate postoperative visual analogue scale score was 7.9 and 8.1 for each group. At postoperative time (From 12 hours to 72 hours after operation), the scores of combined subacromial and intravenous infusion were significantly lower than those of solitary intravenous infusion. Significant difference in the frequency of supplemental analgesic injections was observed between group A and group B (p=0.008). However, no significant difference in complication rate was observed between the two groups (p=0.562). Conclusions: Combined subacromial and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is more effective than solitary intravenous infusion without significantly increasing complications. Therefore, combined subacromial and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia could be a effective pain control method.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권14호
• /
• pp.5597-5600
• /
• 2014

Objectives: To assess side effects on Cantharidin sodium and Shenmai injection combined with chemotherapy in treating patients with breast cancer postoperatively. Method: Patients with breast cancer receiving postoperative chemotherapy were retrospectively collected, and divided into four groups: group A with cantharidin sodium injection combined with chemotherapy; group B with Shenmai injection combined with chemotherapy; group C with both cantharidin sodium and Shenmai injection combined with chemotherapy; while group D (control group) received chemotherapy alone. All patients were administered docetaxel at a dose of $75mg/m^2$ on day 1, epirubicin hydrochloride at a dose of $60mg/m^2$ on day 1, and cyclophosphamide at a dose of $500mg/m^2$ on day 1 for 3 cycles (repeated at 21 day intervals). After ${\geq}$ three courses of treatment, quality of life and side effects were evaluated. Results: There were a total of 78 patients in this study, and the incidence of leukopenia and gastrointestinal reactions in groups A and B were lower than those in the control group and lowest in group C (p<0.05). Conclusions: Thus cantharidin sodium and Shenmai injection combined with chemotherapy reduce side effects and deserve to be further investigated in randomized clinical control trials.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권8호
• /
• pp.4791-4794
• /
• 2013

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Javanica oil emulsion injection (Yadanzi$^{(R)}$) combined with pemetrexed and platinum (PP) for treating patients with advanced lung cancer. Patients and Methods: From June 2011 to June 2013, we recruited 58 patients with advanced lung cancer, and divided them into two groups. Twenty eight patients received Yadanzi$^{(R)}$ (from ZheJiang Jiuxu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) together with PP chemotherapy (combined group), while the others were given only PP chemotherapy (control group). After two cycles of treatment, efficacy and safety of treatment were evaluated. Results: The overall respnse rate [(CR+PR+SD)/(CR+PR+SD+PD)] of the combined group was higher than that of control group (89.7% vs. 86.2%, p>0.05). Regarding rate of life improvement, it was 82.8% in combined group, and 51.7% in the control group (p<0.05). In terms of side effects, leukopenia in combined group was less frequent than that in control group (p<0.05). More patients in the control group were found to suffer liver toxicity. Conclusions: Javanica oil emulsion injection combined with chemotherapy could be considered as a safe and effective regimen in treating patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. It can improve the quality of life and reduce the possibility of leukopenia. Further clinical trials with a large sample size should be conducted to confirm whether addition of Yadanzi$^{(R)}$ to chemotherapy could increase the response rate, reduce toxicity, enhance tolerability and improve quality of life for patients with advanced lung cancer.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.1088-1092
• /
• 2003

This paper presents a combined lookup table technique and PI-type controller. The purpose of the designed controller is applied to control the nonlinear system as thermal process. The proposed controller is easy and convenient to design based on a commercial controller. The performances of the proposed controller were studied using the thermal plant model under temperature control. The experimental results included demonstrate the good performance of the proposed controller.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.915-920
• /
• 2003

Modern control systems often use a communication network to send measurement and control signals between nodes. Communication delays can be time varying. The length of the time delays is often hard to predict and are modeled as being random. This paper proposes a combined controller used to compensate network time delay by estimating the delay with the interacting multiple model (IMM). The network delay is modeled as a Markov chain and 3 modes representing heavy, medium, and low network loads are used in the IMM. The proposed method is applied to an optimal control system with double integrators and the results are compared with the existing control methods.