• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.851-856
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• 2000

When subjected to the strong earthquake ground motion, upper-wall lower-frame structures have high possibility of the weak-story failure in the lower frame part. Sufficient strength, energy dissipation capacity and ductility should be provided at the joint between the deep beam and the lower column. In this study, a typical structure was selected for a prototype and four 1:2.5 scaled models, representing the subassemblage including the exterior column and the deep beam, were constructed. The transverse reinforcement was designed according to ACI procedure¹ and the procedure proposed by Sheikh². The inelastic behavior of the subassemblages subjected to the cyclic lateral displacement were evaluated through investigation of the ultimate strength, ductility, load-deformation characteristics. From the test of 4 specimens, it is concluded that the specimens designed according to Sheikh's procedure revealed higher ductility than that by ACI procedure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2020

In this study, the behavior of external beam-column joints reinforced by plain and deformed bars with non-seismic reinforcement details is investigated and compared. The beam-column joints represented in this study include a benchmark specimen by seismic details in accordance with ACI 318M-11 requirements and four other deficient specimens. The main defects of the non-seismic beam-column joints included use of plain bar, absence of transverse steel hoops, and the anchorage condition of longitudinal reinforcements. The experimental results indicate that using of plain bars in non-seismic beam-column joints has significantly affected the failure modes. The main failure mode of the non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by deformed bars was the accumulation of shear cracks in the joint region, while the failure mode of the non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by plain bars was deep cracks at the joint face and intersection of beam and column and there was only miner diagonal shear cracking at the joint region. In the other way, use of plain bars for reinforcing concrete can cause the behavior of the substructure to be controlled by slip of the beam longitudinal bars. The experimental results show that the ductility of non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by plain bars has not decreased compared to the beam-column joints reinforced by deformed bars due to lack of mechanical interlock between plain bars and concrete. Also it can be seen a little increase in ductility of substructure due to existence of hooks at the end of the development length of the bars.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.708-711
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• 2004

A typical structure was selected for a prototype and four 1:2.5 scaled models, representing the subassemblage including the interior column and the deep beam, were constructed. The transverse reinforcement was designed according to ACI procedure and the procedure proposed by Sheikh. In this study, the correlation between the experimental and analytical responses of the subassemblages subjected to the cyclic lateral displacement were evaluated through investigation of lateral load-lateral deformation, local deformation characteristics by using a nonlinear FEM analysis program RCAHEST.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2011

A theoretical model known as the modified rotating-angle softened-truss model (MRA-STM), which is a modification of Rotating-Angle Softened-Truss Model and Modified Compression Field Theory, is presented for the analysis of reinforced concrete membranes in shear. As an application, shear strength and behaviour of reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joints are analysed using the MRA-STM combining with the deep beam analogy. The joints are considered as RC panels and subjected to vertical and horizontal shear stresses from adjacent columns and beams. The strut and truss actions in a beam-column joint are represented by the effective transverse compression stresses and a softened concrete truss in the proposed model. The theoretical predictions of shear strength of reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joints from the proposed model show good agreement with the experimental results.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2007

최근 우리나라의 공동주택 또는 주상복합 건물의 구조 시스템으로 상부 벽식 하부 골조의 복합구조 형태가 주로 사용되고 있다. 이와 같은 건물의 경우 상부층의 하중이 전이판 또는 깊은보의 형태를 띠는 깊은보를 통해 하부 골조로 전달되고, 횡력에 대해서는 하부 골조가 연층 또는 약층에 의한 파괴가 발생할 수 있기 때문에 횡력에 대한 깊은보와 기둥은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 깊은보와 하부 기둥이 만나는 부분에서 요구되는 강도, 연성 등을 파악하고자 깊은보-외부기둥 접합부에 대해 ACI의 중진지역 상세에 의한 방법과 Sheikh가 제안한 방법에 따라 기둥을 설계한 후, 1/2.5 축소 모델 실험에 대한 반복 횡하중 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) Sheikh의 제안식에 따라 설계할 경우 요구 횡철근이 2.9배 증가하였으며, 이는 기둥의 연성이 증가하는 결과를 가져왔다. (2) 기둥 횡변 위는 대부분 소성힌지에서 휨변형, 접합부에서 휨변형, 그리고 들뜸에 의해 발생하였다. (3) 깊은보와 외부기둥이 접하는 경우 기둥의 상세 뿐만 아니라 접합부에서 과도한 변형을 방지하기 위해 접합부 내부에도 충분한 횡철근이 배근이 되어야 할 필요가 있었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.446-451
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• 2000

In case of strong earthquake, upper-sheat wall lowe-frame structures show the weak-story failure at lower part. Where we should guarantee sufficient strength, energy dissipation capacity and ductility. In this study, a typical structure was selected for a prototype and four 1:2.5 scaled models, representing the subassemblages including the interior column and the deep beam, were constructed. Experimental parameters include transverse reinforcement ratio and axial force. The non- linear behavior of the subassemblages subjected to the cyclic lateral displac-ement were evaluated through investigation of the ultimate strength, ductility, load-deformation characteristics. From the results of the tests on 4 specimens, it is concluded that the strength increased as the axial force increased and the ductility increased as the transverse reinforcement ratio increased.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2024

In this study, the SBC system, a new mechanical joint method, was developed to improve the constructability of precast concrete (PC) beam-column connections. The reliability of the finite element analysis model was verified through the comparison of experimental results and FEM analysis results. Recently, the intermediate moment frame, a seismic force resistance system, has served as a ramen structure that resists seismic force through beams and columns and has few load-bearing walls, so it is increasingly being applied to PC warehouses and PC factories with high loads and long spans. However, looking at the existing PC beam-column anchorage details, the wire, strand, and lower main bar are overlapped with the anchorage rebar at the end, so they do not satisfy the joint and anchorage requirements for reinforcing bars (KDS 41 17 00 9.3). Therefore, a mechanical joint method (SBC) was developed to meet the relevant standards and improve constructability. Tensile and bending experiments were conducted to examine structural performance, and a finite element analysis model was created. The load-displacement curve and failure pattern confirmed that both the experimental and analysis results were similar, and it was verified that a reliable finite element analysis model was built. In addition, bending tests showed that the larger the thickness of the bolt joint surface of the SBC, the better its structural performance. It was also determined that the system could improve energy dissipation ability and ductility through buckling and yielding occurring in the SBC.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제18권3E호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2006

A total of 32 pullout tests were performed for the multiple headed bars relatively deeply embedded in reinforced concrete column-like members. The objective was to determine the minimum embedment depth that was necessary to safely design exterior beam-column joints using headed bars. The variables for the experiment were embedment depth of headed bar, center-to-center distance between adjacent heads, and amount of supplementary reinforcement. Regular strength concrete and grade SD420 reinforcing steel were used. The results of the test the indicated that a headed bar embedment depth of $10d_b$ was not sufficient to have relatively closely installed headed bars develop the pullout strength corresponding to the yield strength. All the experimental variables, influenced the pullout strength. The pullout strength increased with increasing embedment depth and head-to-head distance. It also increased with increasing amount of supplementary reinforcement. For a group of closely-spaced headed bars installed in a beam-column joint, it is recommended to use column ties at least 0.6% by volume, 1% or greater amount of column main bars, and an embedment depth of $13d_b$ or greater simultaneously, to guarantee the pullout strength of individual headed bars over 125% of $f_y$ and ductile load-displacement behavior.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.675-687
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• 2019

최근 대도시에는 교통량의 증가와 높은 토지 보상비 등으로 인해 도로 확충 시 대심도 복층 터널의 필요성이 증가하고 있으며, 국내에서도 일반적인 터널보다 단면이 작고 지하에서 다른 터널과 교차하는 네트워크형 터널이 계획되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 쉴드 터널 분기부에 있어서 기존 터널과 확폭부를 연결하는 연결상세에 있어 기존의 전단면 강재 접합부 대신 휨모멘트가 크게 발생하는 연결부에만 강재를 사용하는 부분 강재-콘크리트 접합부 상세와 쉴드 터널 분기부의 확폭 구간의 해석은 3차원 거동효과를 반영하기 위해 확폭부 시종점 구간의 기둥 효과와 종방향 부재의 강성효과를 고려할 수 있는 2차원 해석모델을 검토하였다. 2차원 해석기법으로 확폭부 시종점 구간에서 종방향 부재의 강성을 횡방향 모델에서 연결부의 탄성스프링 지점으로 고려하여 종방향 부재의 강성과 시종점부의 기둥효과를 반영하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 2차원 해석기법을 이용한 구조해석 결과 일정값 이상의 강성을 갖는 종방향부재를 도입하면 접합부와 박스부의 휨모멘트를 저감 시킴으로써 부분 강재-콘크리트 접합부의 구조 안전성을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 검토되었다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.503-514
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 콘크리트채움 U형 합성보와 H형강 기둥 십자형 합성접합부의 내진상세를 제시하고, 2개의 실물대 실험체를 설계/제작하여 강구조내진기준의 표준실험절차에 따라 내진성능을 평가하였다. 주요 실험체 구성요소는 춤 450mm(실험체 A) 및 550mm(실험체 B) U형 강재보, 두께 165mm의 골데크플레이트 위에 타설된 콘크리트 바닥슬래브, U형보의 완전합성작용을 하기 위한 전단스터드, 부모멘트 전달을 위한 4개의 주철근 및 H형강 기둥에 정착을 위한 용접커플러 그리고 접합부 보강을 위한 보강판으로 구성된다. 순수 강재 보-기둥 접합부와 상이한 U형 합성접합부의 독특한 특성을 고려하여, 지진하중 하에서 내진성능에 결정적 영향을 미치는 보-기둥 접합부의 용접부 취성파단, 강판의 국부좌굴, 주철근의 휨좌굴, 콘크리트 압괴 등의 한계상태가 적절히 제어되도록 실험체를 설계하였다. 강구조내진기준의 지진하중 가력프로그램에 따른 실험결과, 설계에서 의도한 바와 같이 여러 한계상태가 적절히 제어되어 실험체 A 및 B는 각각 6% 및 6.8% 라디안에 이르는 매우 뛰어난 층간변형능력을 발휘하였다. 이는 특수모멘트골조에 요구되는 4% 라디안 수준을 충분히 상회하는 만족스런 층간변형능력이다. 특히 접합부 강화전략에 의해 제안된 합성접합부 상세는 설계에서 의도한 것과 같이 소성힌지를 보강단부로서 밀어냄으로서 취약할 수 있는 보-기둥 용접접합부를 효과적으로 보호하였다. 실험체 A의 최종 파괴모드는 6.0% 층간변위에서 발생한 보강단부에 인접한 냉간성형 코너부의 점진적 저사이클피로에 의한 하부플랜지의 파단에 의해 발생하였다. 한편, 실험체 B는 8.0%의 높은 수준의 층간변위에서 발생한 볼트이음부 파단에 의해 내력을 상실하였다.