• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.866-877
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• 2018

Cheese emulsion is an intermediate product for the production of cheese powder and needs to be stable, homogeneous and pumpable characteristics to convey to the spray drier. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fat reduction and emulsifying salt (ES) amount in cheese emulsion systems on the physicochemical characteristics. Reduced-fat (RF) and full-fat (FF) white-brined cheese emulsions were produced with different dry matters (DM; 15%-25% excluding ES) and ES concentrations (0%-3% based on cheese weight). Stable cheese emulsion was obtained at lower DM in RF cheese emulsion than that of FF cheese emulsion. Reduction in the amount of ES resulted in instability of both emulsions. Apparent viscosity with pseudoplastic flow behavior significantly increased with the decrease of fat content in stable cheese emulsions. Microstructure of emulsions appeared to be related to the fat content, stability and degree of emulsification. Reduction of fat content caused to get less lightness and more greenness in color, whereas yellowness was significantly decreased by increase in the amount of ES. In conclusion, fat reduction resulted in higher viscosities of cheese emulsion due to inducing the increment of protein, and the addition amount of ES considered as very important factor to produce stable cheese emulsion without protein precipitation or cream separation. Therefore, for preparation of RF cheese emulsion using a variety of white-brined cheese, lower amounts of DM would be suggested in this study to obtain homogenous droplets in the atomizing process of spray drying.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.271-275
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• 2013

Cobalt (Co) compounds have been used for centuries to impart rich blue color to glass, glazes and ceramics. Cobalt monoxide (CoO), an oxide of Co, is an inorganic compound that has long been used as a coloring agent in the ceramic industry. Unlike other coloring agents, CoO can be used to develop colors other than blue, and several factors such as its concentration in the glaze and firing condition have been suggested as possible mechanisms. For example, CoO produces a typical blue color called "cobalt blue" at very low concentrations such as 1 wt% in both oxidation and reduction firing conditions; a higher concentration of CoO (5 wt%) develops a darker blue color under the same firing conditions. Interestingly, CoO also develops a purple color at high concentrations above 10 wt%. In this study, we examined the applicability and mechanism of a novel purple glaze containing cobalt(II, III) oxide, one of the well characterized cobalt oxides. Experimental results show that an Augite crystal isoform (Augite-Fe/Co) in which Fe was replaced with Co is the main component contributing to the formation of the purple color. Based on these results, we developed a glaze using chemically synthesized Augite-Fe/Co crystal as a color pigment. Purple color glaze was successfully developed by the addition of 6~15 wt% of $Co_3O_4$ to magnesia lime.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2020

We studied the dyeability and functionality of silks dyed singly with Caesalpinia sappan, Dactylopius coccus, combination-dyed with Caesalpinia sappan and Phellodendron Amurense Rupr., and with Dactylopius coccus and Phellodendron Amurense Rupr.. The color of silk dyed singly with Caesalpinia sappan was Red with Hue of 2.2 R, the color of silk dyed singly with Dactylopius coccus was Reddish Purple with Hue of 3.0 RP, The color of silk combination-dyed with Caesalpinia sappan and Phellodendron Amurense Rupr. was 2.7YR being in the Orange family, and the color of silk combination-dyed with Dactylopius coccus and Phellodendron Amurense Rupr. was Red with Hue of 4.3R. In the case of antimicrobial activity, except for silk dyed only with Dactylopius coccus, the other three types of dyed silk showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus achieving higher than 91.1% of bacteria reduction rate. Against Klebsiella pneumoniae, silk combination-dyed with Dactylopius coccus and Phellodendron Amurense Rupr., and with Caesalpinia sappan and Phellodendron Amurense Rupr. presented very excellent antimicrobial property achieving bacteria reduction rate of 99.9%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.656-659
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• 2012

In general, images captured by the color filter array are compressed after applying demosaicking process. Since this process introduces data redundancy which can reduce coding efficiency, several methods have been proposed to address this problem. While some conventional approachs convert color format to GBR or YUV 4:2:2 format, we propose to use the YCoCg 4:2:2 format to carry out compression. The proposed method shows an average bits reduction of 3.91% and PSNR increase of 0.04dB compared with H.264 YUV 4:2:0 intra-profile prediction method.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-95
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• 2015

In this study, the properties such as color, dye uptake and antibacterial function were examined through the application of combination dyeing and mixed dyeing with extracts from Humulus japonicus(hwansam) and the pruned branches of Prunus persica(peach) tree. In terms of dye uptake and surface color changes subject to the kind of mordants, methods and mixing ratio of dye, it was found that fabrics dyed by the pre-mordanting method with $CuSO_4$ showed the red green yellow group colors, which were not seen in fabrics dyed with hwansam only. Color fastness was found strong at grade 4-5 with 96.3% of UV protection ratio. While the fastness to light was as fair as grade 3, it showed an excellent result of 99.9% bacteria reduction rate against Staphylococcus aureus with fair 58% deodorization rate and 21.2% antibacterial rate against Klebsiella pneumoniae. As stated above, the combination and mixed dyeing resulted in the meaningful outcomes with regard to color variations, dye uptake, color fastness and functional properties.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.758-763
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• 2009

This study presents the optimal conditions of zero-valent iron (ZVI) pretreatment for color removal from real dye wastewater. Removal of color by ZVI was strongly subject to the acidity of the wastewater buffering the pH increased after ZVI reduction. The real dye wastewater did not contain a sufficient amount of acidity and thus it was necessary to supplement acid to the dye wastewater before treatment. In continuous operation of iron column, the empty bed contact time (EBCT) and initial pH were varied to find the optimal conditions. A non-linear regression model fitted well the experimental result predicting that the optimal EBCT and pH for 80% removal efficiency was present in the range of 57~90 and 5~5.9, respectively. Color of column effluents could be further removed in the following biological oxidation step and the biodegradability of wastewater was also enhanced after iron pretreatment.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1656-1659
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• 2008

The reflective type color filter for the liquid crystal displays (LCD) was produced using cholesteric liquid crystal monomers whose phase is characterized by the unique optical features of selective reflection. Periodic micrometer scale hemi-spherical photoresist (PR) patterns were formed on glass substrates by thermal reflow method after photolithography. Cholesteric color filter films for red, green and blue light reflections were then produced and the viewing angle dependence was investigated and compared with that of reflected light on the non-patterned substrates.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.239-243
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• 2011

In this study, the coating properties and surface performance of exotic cherry wood (Prunus serotina) were estimated, reviewing color difference, hardness and abrasion resistibility in order to evaluate probability as construction interior members such as wall and floor. The reduction effect of color difference was represented in the order of water soluble color stain, water soluble transparent stain, and non-coated lumber. However, the tendency of distinct difference according to wood grain pattern was not found. The wavy grain lumber showed better properties in hardness and resistance to abrasion than quarter grain. In conclusion, it was supposed that the application of wavy grain lumber in wall and floor as interior materials would be acceptable in practicality.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.61.2-61.2
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• 2014

We present a set of fiducial sequences of horizontal-branch stars in bright Galactic globular clusters, which have previously been observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We derive fiducial lines on color-magnitude diagrams in multiple color indices (g - r, g - i, g - z, and u - g), after rejecting foreground and background objects as well as RR Lyrae variables utilizing these color indices. We compare our fiducial sequences with model predictions from Yonsei-Yale evolutionary tracks and BaSel spectral libraries, and find a satisfactory agreement between them in terms of their color-magnitude relations, except in u - g. We also compare theoretical models to color-magnitude diagrams of two open clusters (M67 and NGC 6791). Based on our best available cluster distance and reddening, we find that the mass of red clump (RC) stars in NGC 6791 is about a factor of two smaller than an earlier estimate from the application of asteroseismic scaling relations for solar-like oscillations. The smaller RC mass implies an enhanced mass loss along the red giant branch, which is in accordance with other compelling evidences found in this metal-rich system. Our estimated luminosity of RC stars in NGC 6791 is about 0.2 mag fainter than in earlier investigations based on solar-metallicity calibrations, and results in ~10% reduction in the RC-based distance estimation, when applied to metal-rich systems such as in the Galactic bulge.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.12
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• pp.34-40
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• 1999

In conventional color television systems color edges of highly saturated color pictures are deteriorated because of bandwidth limitation of the color-difference signal. In this paper a modified hue-weighted luminance demodulation method with low noise is proposed for the edge correction. The weighting coefficients are given by ratios of the gadient of color-difference signal to the gradient of band-limited luminance signal. Proposed method is theoretically complete for the 1st order lowpassed color-difference signals and well separated luminance/chrominance signal. Noise reduction technique is also considered because of impulse noise generation in the gradient ratio processing of noisy pictures. In computer simulation with noisy pictures proposed technique gives a visual effect of the bandwidth expansion and detail improvement in highly saturated color edge area.