• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.1-21
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• 2013

Silhouette Animation has been recognized as a genre of animation since the very beginning of the animation history, and also Its segmental movement and Aesthetic expression has led a variety of semantic interpretations. Especially the French animation director, Michel Ocelot, recently integrated 3-dimensional digital to the silhouettes animation, and it extended the possibility of the silhouettes animation in many aspects. In his latest animation feature, , he showed how he made changes in 3-dimension by creating and evolving his own way and style of silhouette animation. Although mainstream digital animations preferably to show realistic images and motion, Michel Ocelot used very selective movement, subjective digital colors and extended space which couldn't be expressed in the way of creating traditional style of silhouette animation. This alternative slow movement and the unique aesthetics in 3-dimension emphasize the unconscious elements of color, composition, patterns, and it provides digitally enhanced images and pictorial impression. In addition, the acquisition of digital three-dimensional use of space made possible to provides the wider formative imagination to the audience. In this paper, we analyzed aesthetic characteristics of the digital silhouette animation, (2011), specially focusing on the aspects of Movement, Image, Space, which could not be found in the traditional silhouette animation. It is significant to obtain diversity of the future digital animation and its positive development. In addition, this provides opportunity to explore Michel Ocelot's new experiments and animation philosophy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-132
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• 2014

This paper had a purpose on analyzing result data from pan-sharpening, which have applied on the KOMPSAT-2 and -3 image. Particularly, the study focused on comparing each relative spectral response functions, which considers to cause color distortions of fused image. Two images from same time and location have been collected by KOMPSAT-2 and -3 to apply in the experiment. State-of-the-art algorithms of GIHS, GS1, GSA and GSA-CA were employed for analyzing the results in quantitatively and qualitatively. Following analysis of previous studies, GSA and GSA-CA methods resulted excellent quality in both of KOMPSAT-2/3 results, since they minimize spectral discordances between intensity and PAN image by the linear regression algorithm. It is notable that performances from KOMPSAT-2 and- 3 are not equal under same circumstances because of different spectral characteristics. In fact, KOMPSAT-2 is known as over-injection of low spatial resolution components of blue and green band, are greater than that of the PAN band. KOMPSAT-3, however, has been advanced in most of misperformances and weaknesses comparing from the KOMPSAT-2.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.17-33
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• 2018

Humans process aesthetic functions of objects such as form, size, color, and texture through vision, while at the same time observe them with a symbolic function by a new psychological interpretation based on their past experience. Therefore, it is more important to study and understand the thoughts and psychological influences of how humans perceive with their eyes than what humans simply look with them. With this research purpose in the background, this study will demonstrate in detail the cognitive characteristics of analog and digital images as a symbolic function with a "formative" point of view. Five hypotheses were established, which were proven through the following tests: smartphone, most frequently used in our daily lives, is simplified to a two-dimensional line drawing form, which is set to instances where the R(radius) is applied to the horizontal line of the two-dimensional form of smartphone, where Run-in-R(radius) is applied, and R(radius) rounding is applied to the edges of those shapes. The shapes were combined to form 12 pairs, which was used in a test to the test subjects. As a result, some human characteristics were observed; in specific, some helped prove objectively how humans perceived analog and digital images as psychologically stronger as a symbolic function. If people's thoughts and feelings gained through such study could be stored in database as one value and be provided to product designers, I believe it could be developed into design form as a basic emotional design that consumers desire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.3 s.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to review the origin and background of well-being, the emerging well-being culture, and the phenomenon and features of the hair beauty affected by it. For this purpose, the researcher reviewed dissertations written between 199a and 2002, copies of the beauty journal Short Hair published between 2002 and 2003, beauty newspapers published between March, 2003 and June, 2004, and relevant Internet sites. When we review the well-being hair style tendency, we may be reminded of a light shaggy cut style with a thick wave volume or a natural wave highlighted, or a natural style with a natural color rendered by the braid technique. The well-being hair styles may be inspired by such natural images as the earth, sand, rock, wind, feather and flowers, while using cut, permanent wave or coloring technique for the hairs, in order to create new hair styles. The goal is to make men in contact with the nature. Meanwhile, as people are more concerned about diverse hair textures, natural and healthy hairs, they want their hairs to look comfortable and active rather than luxurious. The well-being cut styles may be categorized into cut style highlighting healthy hairs with a Bobos luxury and soft and light stroke cut reminiscent of a Bohemian freedom. The well-being permanent style may be divided into thick wave, natural wave, and the permanent style using a strong wave to make hairs look bloated. The hair colors reminding us of some natural images are used to highlight a well-being image. In addition, the concept of well-being pursuing a happy and healthy life has been being introduced into the permanent wave material liquids; such liquids made from natural materials, fruits or herbs increase, while environmental-friendly liquids or materials are used more for healthy hairs. The reason why the well-being culture influences hair styles importantly may be that people's desire of healthy body and mind and a comfortable life is reflected in hair styles. In conclusion, as the hair styles or an index for a new cultural current in our modern age are influenced by the well-being phenomenon, more and more people will put priority on healthy hairs. So, it is deemed necessary to apply the well-being hair styles appropriately to render satisfactory hair styles.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.246-252
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• 2018

Hand gestures are attracting attention as a NUI (Natural User Interface) of wearable devices such as smart glasses. Recently, to support efficient media consumption in IoT (Internet of Things) and wearable environments, the standardization of IoMT (Internet of Media Things) is in the progress in MPEG. In IoMT, it is assumed that hand gesture detection and recognition are performed on a separate device, and thus provides an interoperable interface between these modules. Meanwhile, deep learning based hand gesture recognition techniques have been recently actively studied to improve the recognition performance. In this paper, we propose a method of hand gesture recognition based on CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) for various applications such as media consumption in wearable devices which is one of the use cases of IoMT. The proposed method detects hand contour from stereo images acquisitioned by smart glasses using depth information and color information, constructs data sets to learn CNN, and then recognizes gestures from input hand contour images. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the average 95% hand gesture recognition rate.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2008

In this paper, we present a robust hand recognition approach to sudden illumination changes. The proposed approach constructs a background model with respect to hue and hue gradient in HSI color space and extracts a foreground hand region from an input image using the background subtraction method. Eighteen features are defined for a hand pose and multi-class SVM(Support Vector Machine) approach is applied to learn and classify hand poses based on eighteen features. The proposed approach robustly extracts the contour of a hand with variations in illumination by applying the hue gradient into the background subtraction. A hand pose is defined by two Eigen values which are normalized by the size of OBB(Object-Oriented Bounding Box), and sixteen feature values which represent the number of hand contour points included in each subrange of OBB. We compared the RGB-based background subtraction, hue-based background subtraction and the proposed approach with sudden illumination changes and proved the robustness of the proposed approach. In the experiment, we built a hand pose training model from 2,700 sample hand images of six subjects which represent nine numerical numbers from one to nine. Our implementation result shows 92.6% of successful recognition rate for 1,620 hand images with various lighting condition using the training model.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.2 s.105
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• pp.105-114
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• 2006

In ubiquitous environment where various kinds of computers are embedded in persons, objects and environment and they are interconnected and can be used in my place as necessary, different types of data need to be exchanged between heterogeneous machines through home network. In the environment, the efficient processing, transmission and monitoring of image data are essential technologies. We need to make research not only on traditional image processing such as spatial and visual resolution, color expression and methods of measuring image quality but also on transmission rate on home network that has a limited bandwidth. The present study proposes a new motion vector estimation algorithm for transmitting, processing and controlling image data, which is the core part of contents in home network situation and, using algorithm, implements a real time monitoring system of multi dimensional images transmitted from multiple cameras. Image data of stereo cameras to be transmitted in different environment in angle, distance, etc. are preprocessed through reduction, magnification, shift or correction, and compressed and sent using the proposed metamorphosis hierarchical motion vector estimation algorithm for the correction of motion. The proposed algorithm adopts advantages and complements disadvantages of existing motion vector estimation algorithms such as whole range search, three stage search and hierarchical search, and estimates efficiently the motion of images with high variation of brightness using an atypical small size macro block. The proposed metamorphosis hierarchical motion vector estimation algorithm and implemented image systems can be utilized in various ways in ubiquitous environment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and fluorescene intensity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP) immunoreactive cells in rat trigeminal ganglion after inferior alveolar nerve axotomy. The animals were divided into normal and two experimental groups. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 14th and 28th day after inferior alveolar nerve axotomy. The trigeminal ganglion was removed and immersed in the 4% paraformaldehyde-0.2% picric acid in 0.1M phosphate buffer. Serial frozon sections about $16{\mu}m$ in thickness were cut with a cryostat. The immunofluorescence staining was performed. The rabbit anti-VIP(1 : 8,000) was used as primary antibody and fluorescene isothiocynate(FITC)-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG(1 : 80) as secondary antibody. The slides were observed under confocal laser scanning microscope. Three-dimensional images were constructed from 9 serial images(each $1{\mu}m$ in thickness) made by automatic optical sectioning. Unprocessed optical sections were obtained and stored on a optical disk. Color picture were printed by a video copy processor. The results were as follows; 1. The appearance of VIP immunoreactive cells in the mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion was 8.79${\pm}$1.99% in normal group and 39.16${\pm}$5.62% in 14 days, 16.25${\pm}$2.39% in 28 days after inferior alveolar nerve axotomy groups. 2. The relative fluorescence intensity of VIP immunoreactive cell bodies in the mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion was 134.40${\pm}$10.39 in normal group and 192.88${\pm}$14.06 in 14 days, 143.10${\pm}$5.02 in 28 days after nerve axotomy groups. Therefore, the relative fluorescence intensity of 14 days after nerve axotomy group was 43.3% higher than intensity of normal group. 3. In optical single section analysis of VIP immunoreactive cell bodies, white cell bodies(moderate fluorescence intensity) were the most abundant in normal and 28 days after nerve axotomy groups. Whereas, in 14 days after nerve axotomy group, red cell bodies(high fluorescence intensity) were the most abundant. 4. In optical serial section analysis of VIP immunoreactive cell bodies, red cell bodies(high fluorescence intensity) were observed in a part of the 9 sections of normal and 24 days after nerve axotomy groups. Whereas, red cell bodies were observed in all of the 9 sections of 14 days after nerve axotomy group. 5. The results indicates that number and fluorescence intensity of VIP immunoreactive cells were increased in the mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion following inferior alveolar nerve axotomy.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2021

For the preservation and efficient content sharing of 5 volumes (2,866 pages) of Yu Kil-Chun's book published in 1971, which provides an important collection of data for the study of modern Korean history during the late 19th century (enlightenment period of Joseon dynasty). The books were purchased and its preservation status investigated and documented electronically by scanning for permanent preservation of content and to determine the condition of preservation at the time of documentation. The degree of deterioration and damage, such as discoloration, hardening, breakage, and damage in these 50 years old modern printed books was quantified through image analysis and made attempts to visualize the damaged areas. It was observed that the degree of deterioration and damage depended on the material and the surface condition of the paper used, the degree of exposure to light, and the storage environment. The comparison of the preservation status at the time of the photographing (or scanning) and judgment as to whether or not the image under investigation was artificially modified was accomplished by comparing the electronically documented images of Seoyugyeonmun (西遊見聞) in Volume 1 of Yu Kil-Chun's works with images provided on other websites. Practical problems encountered while considering the effective preservation of electronically documented data and publicly sharing it, in the course of this study, with other academic researchers around the world were also summarized.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1515-1526
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• 2022

Image-based 3D reconstruction is to restore the shape and color of real-world objects, and image sensors mounted on mobile platforms are used for positioning and mapping purposes in indoor and outdoor environments. Due to the increase in accidents in underground space, the location accuracy problem of underground spatial information has been raised. Image-based location estimation studies have been conducted with the advantage of being able to determine the 3D location and simultaneously identify internal damage from image data acquired from the inside of pipeline-type underground facilities. In this study, we studied 3D reconstruction based on the images acquired inside the pipe-type underground facility and reference data. An unmanned mobile system equipped with a stereo camera was used to acquire data and image data within a pipe-type underground facility where reference data were placed at the entrance and exit. Using the acquired image and reference data, the pipe-type underground facility is reconstructed to a geo-referenced 3D shape. The accuracy of the 3D reconstruction result was verified by location and length. It was confirmed that the location was determined with an accuracy of 20 to 60 cm and the length was estimated with an accuracy of about 20 cm. Using the image-based 3D reconstruction method, the position and line-shape of the pipe-type underground facility will be effectively updated.