• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.397-410
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• 2000

Skeletal class III had been classified by the position of the maxilla, the mandible, the maxillary alveolus, the mandibular alveolus and vertical development. This morphologic approach is simple and useful for clinical use, but it is insufficient to permit understanding of the pathophysiology of dysmorphoses. The author hypothesizes that there are different patterns of mutual relation of the skeletal components which have contributed pathologic equilibrium of skeletal class III. The purpose of this study are threefold: 1) to classify skeletal class III in subgroups, which can show the architectural characteristics of the deformity, 2) to analyse the craniofacial architecture of each subgroup on etio-pathogenic basis, and 3) to characterize and visualize the pattern as a prototype. Materials used in this study were lateral cephalograms of 106 skeletal class III adults, which were analysed with modified Delaire's architectural and structural analysis. Linear and angular measurements of the individual subject were obtained and cluster analysis was used for the subgrouping. Data were evaluated for verification of the statistical significances. The following results were obtained. 1. By the modified Delaire's architectural and structural analysis and cluster analysis, skeletal class III adults were classified into 7 clusters and presented as prototypes, which could show the pathophysiology of the skeletal architecture 2. There was significant relationship in measurement variables of each cluster, which could reflect characteristics of the skeletal pattern of growth. 3. The flexure of cranial base had a close relationship to the anterior rotational growth of the maxilla and contributes to understand the etio-pathology of skeletal class III. 4. The proportion of craniospinal area in cranial depth, craniocervical angle and vertical position of point Om had a close relationship to rotational growth of the mandible and direction of condylar growth. They contribute to understand the etio-pathology of skeletal class III. In summary, the cranium and the craniocervical area must be considered in diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity. And the occlusal plane can be considered as a representative which shows the mutual relationships of the skeletal components.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-197
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• 1993

Tongue posture at rest position of Class III malocclusion is very important in malocclusion and phonation. Because Class III malocclusion shoves low tongue position, speech defect is commonly occured. This study was attempted to evaluate the correlationship between the tongue posture at rest position and during /s/ phonation and facial skeleton in centric occlusion. Thirty subjects with Class III malocclusion who had no orofacial defects such as cleft palate, medical history of neurologic pathology, hearing defect and any previous speech therapy were selected. Ninety sheets of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at rest position, during /s/ phonation and centric occlusion were traced, measured and statistically analysed. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. In Class III malocclusion, the posture of tongue was positively correlated with the position of hyoid body. The hyoid body was positioned anteriorly and inferiorly as the vertical facial skeleton was increased in centric occlusion. 2. In Class III malocclusion, the vertical position of tongue tip at rest position was not correlated with facial skeleton in centric occlusion, but the horizontal position had low correlation with mandibular body length, APDI, and $\underline{1}$ to SN. 3. In Class III malocclusion, there was the tendency that the dorsal position of the tongue was lowered as the vertical facial skeleton was increased. 4. In Class III malocclusion, the vertical and horizontal position of tongue tip during /s/ phonation was not correlated with facial skeleton in centric occlusion.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.519-539
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• 1990

It is the aim of this study to observe the distribution of various facial types in class III malocclusion and to characterize the craniofacial features of the very facial types. Cephalometric headptates of a hundred and ten persons showing bilateral class III malocclusion whose mean age was 12.51 years and sixty nine persons of normal occlusion whose mean age was 12.23 years were measured and statistically analyzed. The following summary and conclusions were drawn. 1. Affording the bases for SNA and SNB, $35.45\%$ of sample showed normally positioned maxilla and protruded mandible, $30.00\%$ for retruded maxilla and normally positioned mandible, $15.45\%$ for retruded maxilla and protruded mandible, $10.90\%$ for both maxilla and mandible within normal range and $8.20\%$ for miscellaneous types were arranged in class III malocclusion. 2. $52.72\%$ of sample showed neutrodiveigent, $35.45\%$ for hyperdivergent and $11.81\%$ manifested hypodivergent mandible in class III malocclusion. 3. Providing the bases for facial and mandibular planes, $33.63\%$ of sample showed prognathic and neutrodivergent, $20.90\%$ for mesognathic and hyperdivergent, $17.27\%$ for prognathic and hyperdivergent and $15.45\%$ for mesognathic and neutrodivergent were arranged in class III malocclusion. 4. The class III malocclusion brought out shorter cranial base, smaller saddle angle, and larger articular and genial angle. It showed retropositioned maxilla and forward positioned mandible in spite of no significant differences in linear measurements of mandible. Anterior lower facial height was significantly larger in class III malocclusion, while posterior total facial and anterior total facial heights exhibited no significant differences. 5. It is suggested class III malocclusion was attributed to shorter cranial base, smaller saddle angle, maxillary deficiency and/or retrusion, mandibular excess and/or protrusion, excessive vertical growth of the anterior lower face, and their complex as well.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2014

본 연구는 간호학생의 윤리적 의사결정 역량 강화 방안으로 2013년 3월 4일에서 6월 3일까지 간호대학 4학년 82명을 대상으로 실시한 비동등성 대조군 사전 사후 유사실험연구이다. 토론식 수업을 적용한 실험군과 전통적 강의식 수업을 적용한 대조군 간의 윤리 지식, 수업만족도 및 윤리적 가치관 차이를 확인하였다. 토론식 수업은 공리주의, 의무론에 기초한 3단계 수정모형과 Value-Be-Do 모형을 포함한 윤리적 의사결정 모형을 적용하였다. 연구결과 수업 후 윤리 지식 점수는 실험군이 유의하게 높았다. 윤리적 가치관은 두 군 모두 수업 전 후 차이가 없었다. 두 군은 수업 전 후 협동자관계 영역, 대상자관계 영역에서 의무론적 성향을 보였지만, 인간생명 영역에서 공리주의적 성향을 보였다. 수업만족도는 내용이해와 실무적용 가능성 영역에서 실험군이 유의하게 높았다. 결론적으로 본 윤리적 의사결정모형 기반 토론식 수업을 효과적인 간호윤리 의사결정 훈련 방안으로 활용할 것을 제안한다.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 1993

For A and B, $-1{\leq}B<A{\leq}1$, let P[A, B] be the class of functions p analytic in the unit disk E with P(0) = 1 and subordinate to $\frac{1+Az}{1+Bz}$. We introduce the class $T_{\alpha}[A,B]$ of functions $f:f(z)=z+\sum\limits_{n=2}^{{\infty}}a_nz^n$ which are analytic in E and for $z{\in}E$, ${\alpha}{\geq}0$, $[(1-{\alpha}){\frac{f(z)}{z}}+{\alpha}f^{\prime}(z)]{\in}P[A,B]$. It is shown that, for ${\alpha}{\geq}1$, $T_{\alpha}[A,B]$ consists entirely of univalent functions and the radius of univalence for $f{\in}T_{\alpha}[A,B]$, $0<{\alpha}<1$ is obtained. Coefficient bounds and some other properties of this class are studied. Some radii problems are also solved.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.736-745
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• 1996

The conventional treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion has been focused on application of orthopedic force primarily to the mandible. However, In Class III malocclusion with retrograde position or underdevelopment of Maxilla, this approach is not suitable treatment. These patients need an application of orthopedic forces via face-mask to the Maxilla to stimulate its growth and to change the direction of growth. In skeletal Class III patients who were treated by Face-Mask, the following results were obtained. 1. Forward growth of Maxilla was enhanced. 2. Labioversion of upper incisors and linguoversion of lower incisors were observed. 3. Mandible was rotated to clockwise direction and remodeling of B point was observed. 4. Anterior crossbite was corrected by combining of the above results.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2021

This paper is to study whether cooperative learning applying group games becomes a teaching method that can increase interest and participation in class in calculus and the effect of the number of students. To increase interest and participation in class, the researcher conducted cooperative learning by applying smartphones and various game tools to group games. The consequences of the study confirmed that students' interest and participation in the class increased regardless of their mathematics basics. Therefore, it is expected that the calculus which is difficult for students to understand will be more easily approached by cooperative learning applying group games in the future.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2024

An imaginary bicyclic biquadratic number field K is a field of the form ${\mathbb{Q}}({\sqrt{-m}},{\sqrt{-n}})$ where m and n are squarefree positive integers. The ideal class number h_K of K is the order of the abelian group I_K/P_K, where I_K and P_K are the groups of fractional and principal fractional ideals in the ring of integers 𝒪_K of K, respectively. This provides a measure on how far is 𝒪_K from being a PID. We determine all imaginary bicyclic biquadratic number fields with class number 5. We show there are exactly 243 such fields.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2005

Let ∑(p)(p ∈ N) be the class of functions f(z) = z/sup -p/ + α/sub 1-p/ z/sup 1-p/ + α/sub 2-p/z/sup 2-p/ + ... analytic in 0 < ｜z｜ < 1 and let M(p, λ, μ)(0 < λ≤ 2 and 2λ(λ - 1) ≤ μ ≤ λ²) denote the class of functions f(z) ∈ ∑(p) which satisfy (equation omitted). The object of the present paper is to derive some properties of functions in the class M(p, λ, μ).

• 대한수학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.207-224
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• 1998

After the review of known results on the connections between selfsimilar processes with independent increments (processes of class L) and selfdecomposable distributions and between semi-selfsimilar processes with independent increments and semi-selfdecomposable distributions, dichotomy of those processes into transient and recurrent is discussed. Due to the lack of stationarity of the increments, transience and recurrence are not expressed by finiteness and infiniteness of mean sojourn times on bound sets. Comparison in transience-recurrence of the Levy process and the process of class L associated with a common distribution of class L is made.