• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2006

In the history of fashion, the category of knitted items was traditionally associated with ordinary clothing products like undergarments and socks. However, in a mere century Chanel has changed that idea by bringing into fashion consciousness items such as sports sweaters, jerseys, and suits, and so it has been necessary to upgrade this notion. As the needs of the times and new inventions have an inseparable relationship, knit fashion was also born with a close relationship with the zeitgeist of the time - the feminine movement, the rise of sports fashion and the world war - adapting itself up to the present time through continuous changes. Most brands are elevating knit from a mere decoration into a collection piece in a large number of collections every year. The number of brands that cannot exist without knit is increasing, such as Sonia Rykiel, Missoni, and so on. This essay is written with the purpose to study the birth, growth and future potential of knit items. The first stage concentrates on the age of knit's appearance (1910s-1930s). Contingent upon the collection of further data, this essay will be continued through the second stage (the 1960s - 1970s) and the third stage (after the 1980s).

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2015

Prevotella intermedia-specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) primers were previously designed based on the nucleotide sequences of RNA polymerase ${\beta}$-subunit gene (rpoB). However, the several clinical strains isolated from Korean populations are not detectable by the qPCR primers. The purpose of this study was to develop new P. intermedia-specific qPCR primers based on the rpoB. The specificity of the primers was determined by conventional PCR with 12 strains of P. intermedia and 52 strains (52 species) of non-P. intermedia bacteria. The sensitivity of primers was determined by qPCR with serial dilutions of the purified genomic DNAs (40 ng to 4 fg) of P. intermedia ATCC $25611^T$. The data indicated that only P. intermedia strains were detected by the P intermedia-specific qPCR primers (RTPiF2/RTPiR2); in addition, as little as 40 fg of P. intermedia genomic DNA could be detected. These results suggest that these qPCR primers are useful in detecting P. intermedia from the bacterial infectious lesions including dental plaque and oral tissue lesions.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.29
• /
• pp.27-63
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to analyze the document delivery service(DDS) of the academic libraries and suggest its improvement model in Korea. DDS means providing copies of information requests in any format and from any source. And DDS is gaining in importance as libraries turn to 'just-in-time' access rather than 'just-in-case' collection to meet user information needs. By good fortune, rising journal subscription prices, declining financial resources, canceling some of journal subscriptions, electronic transmission technologies, and the rise of commercial document delivery services have allowed libraries to begin to deliver articles to users in a much more rapid and acceptable time frame. Therefore, the library paradigm for the 2000s must be the creation of new document delivery structures which capitalize on the access tolls and structures created by librarians during the past generations. First of all, library-based document service requires a close review of existing library-to-library delivery mechanisms, application of technology to transfer of facsimiles of materials and facilitated use of existing fee-based document sources. The ideal document delivery system would feature a transparent, seamless electronic service incorporating searching and browsing identification and marking of desired items, and transmission and fulfillment of requests. And requested items would be supplied from library collection, commercial suppliers, or other sources. But the future of DDS will succeed when physical resources, policies, personnel, and practices are organized to provide timely information delivery to users.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to gain understanding of what career and related experience mean to individuals undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: Ten male patients receiving hemodialysis participated in the study. Data collection took place between November 18, 2008 and February 10, 2010, via unstructured interviews. Data collection and analysis were conducted simultaneously, and Colaizzi's phenomenological method (1978) was used for the analysis. Results: The significance the participants found in their "dual" life as worker and dialysis patients was classified into five categories: 'Recognition of self-existence value', 'My health comes before my work', 'Being afraid of stigma', 'Limitation of restricted work', and 'Difficulty with time management.' Conclusion: It was found that the dialysis patients showed ambivalent feelings towards their careers, hoping they will be able to continue to work yet fearing that the continued work might break balance the between their livelihood and healing. Therefore, it is recommended that hours for hemodialysis be more flexible to ensure that patients can keep their jobs and better manage their time while undergoing treatment.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.94-97
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to introduce a new in vitro method for evaluating the antimicrobial activity of toothpaste, reflecting the actual toothbrushing time and the dilution of toothpaste by salivation. We designed three experimental groups and one negative control group. The experimental groups were (1) 90 μL of toothpaste + 10 μL 1X phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 9/10 dilution group), (2) 50 μL of toothpaste + 40 μL 1X PBS (1/2 dilution group), and (3) 25 μL of toothpaste + 65 μL 1X PBS (1/4 dilution group). During toothbrushing, saliva is continuously secreted into the oral cavity and the toothpaste concentration is diluted over time during toothbrushing. Therefore, the 1/2 and 1/4 dilution experimental groups were added. The negative control group was toothpaste diluted 20,000-fold with 1X PBS. Miracle Fresh Doctor toothpaste and Streptococcus mitis KCOM 1350, Prevotella intermedia KCOM 1107, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum KCOM 1322, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans KCOM 1306 were used as the toothpaste and target bacterial strains, respectively. The number of bacterial cells plated on agar plates in the negative control group was 1,000 CFU. If the number of colonies on the experimental group plate was less than one, the treatment was considered to have > 99.9% bactericidal activity. These results suggest that this new in vitro method for antimicrobial evaluation could be used as the standard method for testing the antimicrobial activity of toothpaste.

• 중국학논총
• /
• no.72
• /
• pp.47-70
• /
• 2021

In this paper, the focus was on the review of Ming General Nan Fangwei's activities during the Choson period and existing relevant historical artifacts & literacy works. Nan Fangwei's hometown was Jiangxi(江西) Changjiang(昌江; Jingdezhen景德鎭). Unfortunately, it has not been known where his descendants migrated later. During Jingdezhen Riot(景德鎭民亂), he went to serve as the head of the grass roots. After surrendering, he became a general in the Ming military base. During Jeongyujae War(丁酉再亂), he entered Chosun as a Youji general(遊擊) and participated in dozens of large and small battles. However, the defeat of Jungro-gun (中路軍) led him to a feud with the Ming's military authorities and to return him, which gave him a hard time to be forcibly dislodged to a remote region. Nan Fangwei established Namwon Guanwang Shrine(南原 關王廟). Since then, it has been preserved in Namwon Wangjeong-dong(王亭洞) through several reconstruction and reconstruction works. In addition, he took good care of people by strictly cracking down on their subordinates with high integrity and virtuous deeds at the military base. Being deeply touched by his morality and virtue, the people of Gongju(公州) established 'Youji general Nan Fangwei Jongdeokbi(〈遊擊將藍公種德碑〉)'. In addition, when he had his leisure time, he collected Korean Chinese poems from various figures and edited and published 'Chosun Poetry Collection(《朝鮮詩選全集》)', which he played a catalyst to promote high-quality Korean poems to Chinese literacy community.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2011

Research in the area of equine artificial insemination (AI) has led to its increased application in field trials. However, procedures for equine semen collection, cooling and freezing of semen and artificial insemination need further improvement. In experiment 1, we investigated the percentage of total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) of sperms at after-collection, cooled-diluted, cooled-transported or frozen-thawed semen. In experiment 2, mares were inseminated with either cooled-diluted, cooled-transported or frozen-thawed semen. In experiment 3, we examined the effect of buffer (skim-milk extender), which was infused into the uterus at the time of AI with frozen-thawed semen. In experiment 4, we compared AI pregnancy rates for mares ovulating spontaneously versus after treatment with hCG. In experiment 1, the average percentage of TM was decreased from 75.3% to 14.4% at the stage of after-collection to frozen-thawed semen (p<0.05). The average percentage of PM was 58.2% and 59.6% at after-collection and cooled-diluted, but it was significantly increased 71.7% after frozen-thawed (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the pregnancy rates after AI using cooled-diluted, cooled-transported and frozen-thawed semen were 60%, 50% and 37.5%, respectively, and similar among treatments. In experiment 3, the pregnancy rate of mares infused with buffer at AI was 40% which was higher than that with no buffer (10%). In experiment 4, the pregnancy rates of mares were similar between ovulated spontaneously (25%) and ovulated with hCG (50%). The results suggest that equine semen that has been cooled-diluted, cooled-transported or frozen can be successfully used to establish AI, pregnancy and foal production. Also, the pregnancy rates after AI can be increased by infusing buffer into the uterus at AI or by inducing ovulation with hCG, but further study is need.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2013

Storage device based on Flash Memory have many attractive features such as high performance, low power consumption, shock resistance, and low weight, so they replace HDDs to a certain extent. An Storage device based on Flash Memory has FTL(Flash Translation Layer) which emulate block storage devices like HDDs. A garbage collection, one of major functions of FTL, effects highly on the performance and the lifetime of devices. However, there is no de facto standard for new garbage collection algorithms. To solve this problem, we propose File Clustering Algorithm. File Clustering Algorithm respect to update page from same file at the same time. So, these are clustered to same block. For this mechanism, We propose Page Allocation Policy in FTL and use MIN-MAX GAP to guarantee wear leveling. To verify the algorithm in this paper, we use TPC Benchmark. So, The performance evaluation reveals that the proposed algorithm has comparable result with the existing algorithms(No wear leveling, Hot/Cold) and shows approximately 690% improvement in terms of the wear leveling.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.87-90
• /
• 1998

Hemolymph is oxidized and darkens visibly during the collection from silkworm due to the activity of tyrosinase in it. Toxic quinones are produced by the oxidation and consequently inhibit the cell growth. Heat treatment can be used to prevent the oxidation ; however, the oxidation may occur during the collection of hemolymph before it is heat-treated. It makes the hemolymph collection difficult especially on a large-scale preparation. Hemolymphs collected from 257 different strains of silkworms were examined to select the slowly oxidized hemolymphs. Hemolymphs collected from mutant strains such as Lemone, TBO, Cre, Y4, and wEb showed relatively slow color changes. Oxidation rates of the hemolymphs were measured by the absorbance change using a spectrophotometer. The hemolymph of wEb showed the slowest oxidation. The absorbance of this mutant hemolymph reached the saturation value at 20$^{\circ}C$ in 450 min, whereas the total oxidation time of the wild-type (Baekokjam) hemolymph at the same temperature was 120 min. We tested if this mutant hemolymph is useful as a medium supplement for insect cell culture. Cell growth rate and final cell concentration in the medium supplemented with the wEb hemolymph were almost same as those in the medium supplemented with the wild-type hemolymph. Hemolymph is collected on a small scale by clipping the abdominal leg; however, this method is not appropriate fro large scale preparation. Centrifugation after chopping the silkworm hemolymph by a blending mixer is a more appropriate procedure for large scale collection. Slowly oxidized wEb hemolymph resulted in higher cell concentration than the wild-type hemolymph when hemolymph was collected by the large scale preparation method.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2020

Producer and distributor of electrical and electronic equipment may directly collect waste electrical and electronic equipment that falls under the class to which the equipment they distributed belongs, or may join KERC(Korea Electronic Recycling Cooperative) and have KERC fulfill the duty to collect on behalf. In this study, the system of calculating the financial contributions is reviewed, and then the defined problems and improvement plan are proposed. First, the standard operation and time should be set for collection and transportation costs, taking into account the operation by collection type. Second, since there is a difference in the screening method of the recycling center, the standard cost for the allocation factor should be set by reflecting the difference in these methods and the characteristics of the product line being processed. Third, it is necessary to secure a budget of sufficient size by determining the median or average value rather than the minimum value in the forecast model for visit collection. This study is suggesting in that it examines the problems of the allotted contributions paid by the mutual aid members to KERC and suggests ways to improve them.