• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.962-970
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ruminal infusion of garlic oil (GO) on fermentation dynamics, fatty acid (FA) profile, and abundance of bacteria involved in biohydrogenation in the rumen. Six wethers fitted with ruminal fistula were assigned to two groups for cross-over design with a 14-d interval. Each 30-d experimental period consisted of a 27-d adaptation and a 3-d sample collection. Goats were fed a basal diet without (control) or with GO ruminal infusion (0.8 g/d). Ruminal contents collected before (0 h) and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h after morning feeding were used for fermentation analysis, and 0 h samples were further used for FA determination and DNA extraction. Garlic oil had no influence on dry matter intakes of concentrate and hay. During ruminal fermentation, GO had no effects on total VFA concentration and individual VFA molar proportions, whereas GO increased the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and microbial crude protein (p<0.05). Compared with control, GO group took a longer time for total VFA concentration and propionate molar proportion to reach their respective maxima after morning feeding. The ratio of acetate to propionate in control reduced sharply after morning feeding, whereas it remained relatively stable in GO group. Fatty acid analysis showed that GO reduced saturated FA proportion (p<0.05), while increasing the proportions of C18, t11-18:1 (TVA), c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA), t10,c12-CLA, and polyunsaturated FA (p<0.05). The values of TVA/(c9,t11-CLA+TVA) and C18:0/(TVA+C18:0) were reduced by GO (p<0.05). Real-time PCR showed that GO tended to reduce Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus abundance (p = 0.058), whereas GO had no effect on total abundance of the Butyrivibrio group bacteria. A low correlation was found between B. proteoclasticus abundance and C18:0/(TVA+C18:0) (p = 0.910). The changes of fermentation over time suggested a role of GO in delaying the fermentation process and maintaining a relatively modest change of ruminal environment. The inhibitory effects of GO on the final step of biohydrogenation may be related to its antibacterial activity against B. proteoclasticus and other unknown bacteria involved.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2017

Objective: The hull attached to the barley kernel can be mechanically removed thus reducing the fiber content of the barley. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of partial dehulling on the nutrient digestibility as well as the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of barley in pigs. Methods: Two hulled barley samples (high fiber barley [HF] and low fiber barley [LF]) with either high or low fiber contents were obtained from the Hubei and Jiangsu Provinces of China. A portion of the two barleys was mechanically dehulled (dehulled high fiber barley [DHF] and dehulled low fiber barley [DLF]). Thirty barrows (initial $BW=31.5{\pm}3.2kg$) were assigned to one of five diets in a randomized complete block design. The five diets consisted of 96.9% corn, HF, LF, DHF, or DLF supplemented with 3.1% minerals and vitamins. Each diet was fed to six barrows housed in individual metabolism crates for a 10-d acclimation period followed by a 5-day total but separate collection of feces and urine. Results: The daily loss of gross energy (GE) in feces was lower (p<0.01) for pigs fed DHF than for those fed HF. The daily N intake and fecal N loss were lowest (p<0.01) for pigs fed the corn diet. The DE and ME as well as the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, GE, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of DHF or DLF were higher (p<0.01) than the values in HF and LF, respectively while the values except the ATTD of NDF and ADF in DLF were higher (p<0.01) than the values in DHF and were comparable to corn. Conclusion: The DE and ME contents as well as the ATTD of nutrients in both DHF and DLF barley were improved compared with the HF and LF barley. Moreover, the nutritive value of DLF barley was comparable to the yellow-dent corn used in the study.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2008

The acupuncture and moxibustion documentary characteristics of "Chimgujasaenggyeong" can be summarized into 6 parts such as the follwing 1. "Chimgujasaenggyeong" was written at about 1180-1195 during the Southern Song period. It contains 7 volumes in all. The acupuncture points and their variations in volume 1 were all directly recorded from Wang-yuil(王維一)'s "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudogyeong(銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)" and 11 points were added from volumes 99 and 100 of "Taepyeongseonghyebang(太平聖惠方)", bringing the total to 365 points, which was different from the 360 that the people knew. Volume 2 is the actual collection of theses on acupuncture and moxibustion by Wangjipjung(王執中) and shows his unique views on the basic problems of acupuncture and moxibustion such as selection of points[取穴], application of moxas[施灸], aftercare of moxibustion[灸後護理] and acupuncture and moxibustion contraindications[鍼灸禁忌]. Volumes 3${\sim}$7 mostly divide the indications(主治) from "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudogyeong", "Taepyeongseonghyebang", "Cheon-geumyobang(千金要方)" by disease into chapters. 2. Of the remaining editions the 'Cheonryeok Guanggeunseodang Inbon(天曆 廣勤書堂 印本)' of the Won dynasty is the first, and the Jeongtong(正統) new edition is a reprint based on the Cheonryeok(天曆) edition, and the Jeongtong edition reprinted in the 9th year of Guanmun(寬文) of Japan has many missing and wrong characters compared to the original copy. 3. The big letters[大字] under the line in the current editions are all postscripts[按語] of Wangjipjung and the 5 verses quoted from other books that do not have their origin listed and have the qualities of rules for treatment in the first chapter of volume 3 'Heoson(虛損)' were put together by Wang. 4. In the annotations in small print of the current edition of "Jasaenggyeong" there are Wisegeol(衛世傑)'s added annotations in addition to Wangjipjung's original ones. 5. Some of the many medical books quoted by the "Jasaenggyeong" that are from before the Song dynasty have been lost completely and only can be seen here in this important text. 6. The quotations said to be from 'Myeongdanggyeong(明堂經)'(or 'Myeongdang(明堂)', 'Myeong(明)') in "Jasaenggyeong" are directly from volume 77 'Chimgyeong(鍼經)' and volume 100 'Myeongdang' of "Taepyeongseonghyebang" and not another book. The quotes from 'Myeongdang' in accupuncture and moxibustion books after the Song dynasty were directly or indirectly copied from "Jasaenggyeong".

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.410-419
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• 2016

본 연구는 스마트폰 사용자의 일반적 특성과 스마트폰 및 헬스케어 애플리케이션 이용 특성에 따른 헬스케어 애플리케이션의 인지도, 정보품질, 용이성 측면에서의 만족도 차이를 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 자료 수집은 2014년 9월 17일부터 21일까지 헬스케어 애플리케이션 사용 경험이 있는 193명을 대상으로 이루어졌으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 20.0을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test로 분석되었다. 연구 결과, 일반적 특성 중 연령, 교육수준, 경제수준에 따라, 스마트폰 및 헬스케어 애플리케이션 이용 특성 중 스마트폰 운영체계, 스마트폰 사용기간, 설치된 헬스케어 애플리케이션 수 및 주요 정보 출처, 사용 빈도와 사용하지 않는 이유에 따라 헬스케어 애플리케이션 만족도는 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 모바일 헬스케어의 효과적 확산과 헬스케어 애플리케이션의 개발 및 배포 전략을 수립하기 위해서는 스마트폰 이용자의 특성과 요구를 확인하고 이를 반영해야 한다. 또한 개발된 헬스케어 애플리케이션의 지속적인 이용을 위해서는 사용자의 이용 동기를 지속적으로 유발하고 만족도를 향상시킬 수 있는 다양한 전략들이 함께 적용되어야 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.273-280
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• 1988

본 연구는 십이지장내 생리 식염수와 0.01 N HCl을 주입했을때 내측 편도핵의 손상이 췌액 분비와 혈장 secretin 농도에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 44마리의 수컷 흰쥐를 사용하였다. 그 중 21마리의 흰쥐는 뇌정위 고정장치에 의해 내측 편도핵에 삽입된 전극을 통해 양측성으로 내측 편도핵을 파괴한 내측 편도핵 손상군이고, 나머지 23마리는 편도핵의 손상없이 동일한 수술 조작만을 가한 수술 대조군이다. urethan 마취후에 십이지장 근위부에 위치한 관을 통해 십이지장 내강에 0.01 N HCl 또는 생리 식염수(0.9% NaCl)를 0.18ml/min 속도로 주입하면서 20분간 췌액을 채취하였다. 췌액 체취후 복대동맥에서 채혈하여 혈장 secretin농도를 측정하였다. 내측 편도핵 손상군에서 십이지장내 생리 식염수는 물론 0.01 N HCl 주입에 의한 췌액량은 수술 대조군의 것보다 유의하게 감소하였다. 내측 편도핵 손상군의 췌액내 단백질량은 생리 식염수 주입시 수술대조군의 것보다 유의하게 감소하였고, 0.01 N HCI 주입시에는 유의하지는 않지만 감소한 경향을 보였다. 그러나 기초상태 및 염산 자극에 의한 혈장 secretin 농도는 내측 편도핵의 손상에 의하여 아무런 영향을 받지 않았다. 따라서 내측 편도핵은 기초 상태 및 염산 자극에 의한 췌액의 분비에 촉진적 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각되나, secretin 분비기전이 이 촉진 영향에 관련되는 것으로는 보이지 않는다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1977

Personalized Patient centered nursing care is increasingly difficult to achieve despite the fact that it remains one of our consistent goals. So, we must find away to individualized nursing care. One means, to achieve this is by use of the nursing history form, which has been developed to help the nurse make maximum use of her limited time with the patient, by obtaining systematically the information needed to plan his nursing care. The nursing history form can be used to collect data about individual nursing needs but also it lends itself to the collection of epidemiological data relevant to the needs of patient population. So this study was undertaken in an attempt to describe the general characteristics of the population studied, to find out their perceptions and expectations related to their illness and hospitalization, to find out specific basic needs and to examine the relationship between the patients nursing needs and demographic characteristics through the responses to the nursing history questions. The study population defined and selected was all the patients (70) who were admitted to Yonsei University Hospital from October 1 - 15, 1975. The direct interview method was used and the data were categorized by the investigator, according to the nature of responses to each question and were subjected to the percentile and the chi- square tests. The findings can be summarized as follows 11. General characteristics of the study population ; The population was made up mainly of urban patients who were highly educated. The age was equally distributed. 2. Patients, perceptions and expectations related to illness and hospitalization ; 88.6% of the patients knew about the reason for hospitalization but 64. 5% could state symptoms only. 37.5% recognized the cause of illness. Approximately three fourth of the patients expressed on expectation for early recovery. 60.0% of the patient responses indicated, that they expected less than 10 days of hospitalization. Of the total responses regarding hospitalization, 45.7% were negative about the post -hospitalization expectation, 45.7% expected to return to work. As a result of these findings, we can see that there is a great educational need, a psychological need and environmental need for adaptation to the hospital and a socio- economic need for the post - hospitalization period. 3. Specific basic needs : The physical needs include the problem of getting sufficient sleep (50.0%), difficulty in food intake(47.1%), problems with hospital diet (47.0%), abnormal condition of the skin(44.3%), problems with bowel elimination(35.7%), assistance with bathing(35.7%), pain(30.0%), difficulty in walking(30.0%) , difficulty in seeing(30.0%) problems in urinary elimination(20.0%) , and difficulty in hearing(10.0%), 4. Nursing needs and epidemiological characteristics ; Age distribution was related to the rendition of the mouth but no significant differences were observed statistically with the patients responses to the other nursing history questions according to the epidemiological variables of age, sex, education and residence.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.89-116
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to describe mother -infant interacting behavior patterns related to newborn infant feeding and to explore the mother's cultural belief about their infant. The data collection was conducted by observation and interview. Twenty-five mothers and their newborn infants who were normally delivered and were also planned to breast feed were comprised as the subjects of this study. All subjects were interviewed and observed individuaily at 1 to 5 days after the delivery at the hospital, mid -wife's clinic, Maternal Child Health Center and their home throughout the country from remote area to big city, The observation data were recorded with symbolic letter on a recording sheet newly developed as a result of preliminary study. The interview data were taperecorded and then recorded in narrative form. Mother - infant interaction behaviors in early feeding period were analyzed based on 19 analytic sub-categories and their composing elements. Unit of analysis were mother, infant and mother -infant dyad. 8 analytic categories draw from the data. Each were preparation, instrument, interaction inducing, evaluation referred to mother's behavior, preparation, instrument, interaction inducing referred to infant's behavior and synchronic behaviors referred to mother - infant dyad. Frequencies of behavior items based on the categories were converted to percent. The result showed that in mother's preparation behavior, the breast condition of Korean mother can be an affecting factor for mother - infant interaction during feeding, and vocalization behavior was observed most frequently in interaction inducing behavior while the least frequent behavior observed was contacting. Subcultural characteristics of mother - infant interaction behaviors were analyzed for their relationships between groups of mothers who have lived in remote area vs urban area, and who were multipara vs primipara. Using a chi -square test, there were statistically significant relationships in the activity of psychological readiness in preparation behavior and the movement of extremities for the position of instrumental behavior in both groups. However, interaction inducing behaviors were not related with statistical significance in any set of groups. Accomplishment of marriage, bonding and emotional mediation of family members were the categories related to mother's cultural belief about the infant in aspect of functional values. Infant at birth is considered little more than a biological organism without social capabilities. Although the newborn infant is still be attached to his mother, he makes his mother extend her territoriality. The mother's interacting behavior toward her infant based on those beliefs appeared task oriented, separative behavioral series. On the other hand, it was seen that infant reacted independently to his mother's behavior by the in-nate perceptual abilities. Those independent behavioral series of mother and infant on the feeding situation were synchronized at any moment. Nurses are In a unique position to teach mothers about their infant's capabilities and help reducing some of uncertainty about infant's behaviors. Study results indicated that the informations infant's social capabilities and breast feeding should be given to the mothers. The results of this study have several implications for nursing. First, the study results will be used as fundamental resources for the development of the assessment tool about the early mother - infant interaction. Second, the results could be a relevant information in the fied. I of maternal child nursing education as real and useful data. Third, the behavioral patterns of early mother - infant interaction which were classified based on the qualitative analysis could be used for nursing theory development as very fundamental data.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.25-47
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• 2010

본 연구의 주된 목적은 우리나라 중소기업의 지역별, 업종별 특성을 분석하고, 특성화된 중소기업 발전 방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 최근의 중소기업 실태, 산업별 중소기업 실태 자료 등을 기초로 업종, 규모 등 다양하게 분포된 중소기업을 업종, 규모, 지역 등을 감안하여 기업특성을 분석하고, 중소기업 존립기반을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 규모별 분석 결과에 따르면, 우리나라 중소기업과 대기업 사이의 경쟁력 격차가 점점 커질 수밖에 없는 상황이 지속되고 있다. 음식숙박업에 종사하는 중소기업의 고용창출 효과가 가장 높게 나타나고 있다. 이에 비해, 대기업의 경우에는 제조업과 기타서비스업, 광업 및 숙박음식업 등에서 고용창출 효과가 높게 나타나고 있다. 지역별로 살펴본 분석 결과에 따르면, 서울지역에는 다른 지역에 비해 상대적으로 많은 대기업체가 존재하기 때문에 서울지역에의 노동력 편중현상을 시사하는 부분이다. 서울 지역 이외의 다른 지역에서는 대기업 종사자보다는 중소기업 종사자들이 많은 비중을 차지하는 것으로 조사되고 있다. 중소기업 내에서 지역별 종사자 구성을 살펴보면, 전국 중소기업 종사자의 50% 이상이 서울 경기지역에서 근무하고 있는 것으로 제시되고 있다. 이와 같은 집중 현상은 지방경제발전을 통한 우리나라 전국균형발전을 도모하기 위해서는 서울 경기지역에 집중되어 있는 기업체의 지방 분산이 가능할 수 있는 실천적인 활동 수행이 지속적으로 요구된다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2015

현재 FTMS(Freeway Traffic Management System: 고속도로 교통관리 시스템), TCS(Toll Collection System: 요금 징수 시스템), 하이패스(Hi-Pass: 통행료 전자 지불 시스템)등의 고속도로 ITS(Intelligent Transportation System) 설비들은 단순한 이력관리 및 수동적인 사후관리가 이루어져 고장관련 DB가 부족하여 시설물의 통합운영관리 활용을 최대화 하지 못하고 있다. 또한, 부품의 교체시기가 없어 고장 발생 시마다 부품을 교체하다 보니 고장건수 증가 및 수리시간이 증가하며, 매번 교체 할 때마다 서비스가 중단되는 문제 점이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 고속도로 ITS 시설물의 고장이력을 사전에 관리하여 예방적 유지관리를 하려한다. 따라서 하이패스 시설물의 고장이력을 신뢰성 이론에 기반을 두고 체계적인 통계분석을 통해 시스템의 신뢰도인 운용가용도를 산출한다. 교체시기 산정을 통해 고장건수 및 시간이 감소하며 예비품 수량을 확보하여 예산 비용을 줄일 수 있고, 부품의 관리계획을 수립하여 지속적인 예방적 유지관리를 통해 시스템의 품질을 향상시키고, 서비스 품질을 항시 가용한 상태인 무 중단 운용상태를 지향 할 수 있도록 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.22-37
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• 1974

Through the examination of hospitalized patient's records, this study purports to determine. the extent to which nursing record behaviors meet general expectations held for nursing records and the differences in nursing record behavior in relation to different nursing categories, period of recording and hospitals with different management patterns. Nursing record behaviors of 802 patient's records in four hospitals in Seoul were examined. by use of a check list, which was prepared by the author as an instrument for the study. Data obtained from this examination were processed into percentage values for percentage. test and chi-square test in order to determine their significance. Results are as follows; 1. Records pertaining to treatment ranked highest among all care categories in their extent of coverage, averaging 65.6 percent. 2. Of the treatment category records, records of medication led others at 94.3 percent. followed by records of test and collection of specimens at 59.9 percent. diet at 58.8 percent and treatment at 41.0 percent. 3. Records in the category of physical assessment and care averaged 44.1 percent, the second highest next to treatment category records, 4. Of the records in the category of physical assessment and care, records in vital signs. placed first at 98.9 percent, followed by sleep at 76.2 percent, body weight at 74.7 percent, symptoms and signs at 69.3 percent, rest at 44.5 percent, hygiene at 39.7 percent, activities and participation at 16.9 percent, positions at 10.3 percent, level of consciousness at 9.8 percent and physiological dysfunction at 1.1 percent in that order. 5. Records in the category of psychological assessment and care averaged 3.2 percent, the lowest of the -three major categories. 6. Of the records in the category of psychological assessment and care, records on emotional responses ranked top at 10.5 percent, followed by self-concern at 2.1 percent, adjustment at 2.0 percent, family, occupational and social relations at 0.7 percent and preferences. and interest at 0.5 percent in that order. 7. Records in relation to the category of specific conditions were found in 9.1 percent of the total records. 8. Of the records in the category of specific conditions, consultation and transfer records, stood first at 25.0 percent, followed by precautionary measurements at 1.4 percent and isolation at 0.9 percent 9. A great difference in nursing record behavior was observed between the first week of hospitalization and the last week, with the first week's recordings much higher than the last week in the categories of treatment and specific conditions (p<0.01). and of physical assessment and care (p <0.05). 10. A big difference was also observed among the hospitals (p<0.01). 11. A big difference was also observed between the government-run hospitals and the private hospitals in the categories of physical assessment and care and specific conditions in the first week of hospitalization (P<0.05l), and in the category of psychological assessment and care in the last week (P<0.05). 12. Between the hospitals established with foreign aid and the other hospitals, the difference in nursing record behavior was significant only in the category of physical assessment and care both in the first week and the last week (P<0.01). 13. The average nursing record behavior in all care categories stood at 45.1 percent in the extent of its coverage in relation to the general expectations.