• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.153-154
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• 2023

In this study, analyzed the difference in compressive strength of concrete under cold conditions, using the 28-day standard curing compressive strength as a reference and examining variations based on cement types and curing temperatures. The results showed that the strength difference based on curing temperatures reached up to 9MPa at 0℃. However, as the curing period progressed, the difference in strength due to curing temperature gradually diminished. These findings are anticipated to be valuable for concrete mixing and quality control in cold weather conditions.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2008년도 춘계종합학술대회 A
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• pp.175-178
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• 2008

플래시 메모리에서 읽기 작업은 속도도 빠르고 제약이 없으나 데이터 변경 시에는 덮어쓰기(overwrite)가 되지 않아 해당 데이터를 새로운 영역에 쓰고 이전에 존재하던 데이터는 무효 시켜야한다. 무효화시킨 데이터는 가비지컬렉션을 통해 지움 연산을 수행해야 한다. 지역 접근성을 가지는 데이터에 대해 가비지컬렉션을 통해 클리어 시킬 대상 목록을 선정할 때 cost-benefit 방법을 사용하면 성능은 좋으나 wear-leveling이 나빠지는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 wear-leveling을 개선하기 위해 플래시 메모리를 hot 데이터 그룹들과 cold 데이터 그룹들의 다수의 그룹으로 분할한 후 데이터를 배치하고 주기적으로 hot 데이터 영역과 cold 데이터 영역을 교체함으로써 wear-leveling과 성능을 개선하였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 1987

1987년 1월에서 동년 7월까지 본 임상병리과에 M. pneumoniae의 감염을 의심하여 한냉응집소와 항Mycoplasma 항체가 소아환자 191명중 추적조사를 시행한 환자 48명을 대상으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 한냉응집소 만으로 M. pneumoniae를 진단하는 데에는 유용성이 떨어진다. 2. M. pneumoniae의 감염을 진단하는 데에는 한냉응집소치 보다 항Mycoplasma 항체가 더 감수성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 초기에 한냉응집소가 정상으로 나타나더라도, 추적조사에서 양성으로 나타날 수 있으므로, 임상적으로 M. pneumoniae의 감염이 의심되면 추적조사가 필요하다. 4. 소아 폐렴에서 M. pneumoniae에 의한 감염이 많으므로(37.5%), 소아 폐렴환자에선 반드시 한냉응집소와 항Mycoplasma 항체 측정을 동시에 할 필요가 있다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2002

The common cold is the most common pediatric infectious disease and occupies a great number of outpatients in oriental pediatrics. Because children's common cold has characteristic symptoms, we studied 276 children suffering from common cold Oriental Medicine Hospital in Kyungsan University and analyzed sex, age, chief complaints, characteristic symptoms.(period : summer 2001. 6.1.-2001.8.31, winter 2001.12.1-2002. 2. 28) The results were as follows : 1. Male to female ratios were 17: 1 in summer, 1.2: 1 in winter, 1.4: 1 in total 2. Age distribution of children from 0 to 1 was 20.29%, from 1 to 3 was 39.49%, from 3 to 6 was 32.97%, from 6 to 10 was 7.27%, over 10 was 0%, from 0 to 6 was 92.75%. 3. Frequency of chief complaints In summer : cough was 22.28%, nasal discharge was 18.39%, fever was 16.58%, secretion and sputum were 14.50%, sweating was 6.99%, nausea or vomitting were 4.92% etc. In winter : cough was 24.20%, nasal discharge was 18.03%, secretion and sputum were 16.43%, occlusion of nares was 11.64%, fever was 9.58%, nausea or vomitting were 3.88% etc. Frequency of chief complaints has seasonal difference. 4. Children's common cold has characteristic symptoms and seasonal difference. 5. Children's common cold has characteristic clinical subtype.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2008

플래시 메모리는 디스크와는 달리 덮어쓰기가 불가능하므로, 새로운 데이터는 새로운 영역에 갱신이 된다. 데이터가 빈번히 변경되면 새로운 영역을 확보하기 위해 가비지 컬렉션을 통하여 데이터를 지우게 되는데, 이때 지움(erase) 연산을 수행 할 수 있는 회수가 플래시 메모리의 특성에 의해 일정 회수로 제한을 받게 되므로 플래시 메모리의 모든 블록은 고르게 쓰여지고 지워져야 한다. 그러나 지역 접근성을 가지는 데이터를 Cost-benefit 방법으로 처리하면 성능은 좋으나 wear-leveling은 매우 나빠지는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 wear-leveling을 개선하기 위해 멀티 뱅크에서 하나의 뱅크는 cold 데이터를 다른 뱅크는 hot 데이터를 할당하고, 시간이 흐름에 따라 일정주기로 cold 뱅크와 hot 뱅크를 교환하는 CB-MB(Cost Benefit between Multi Bank) 방법을 제안하고 성능을 평가하였다. CB-MB방법은 hot 데이터와 cold 데이터를 블록단위로 분리하여 관리하는 Cost-benefit방법에 비해 성능에 있어 30% 성능향상을 보이고 wear-leveling측면에서 1/3이하로 표준편차를 줄였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.43-61
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review the acupuncture treatment for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet. Methods : We searched articles in 7 search engines with keywords related to 'Cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet' and 'Raynaud disease' in March 2021. Clinical studies that used acupuncture for cold hypersensitivity of hands or feet were included. Animal studies and nonclinical data were excluded. Data on acupuncture treatment such as methods, site, duration, frequency, and period were analyzed. Also, network analysis between acupoints was conducted. Results : Of 41 selected articles, there were 32 case reports, 7 randomized controlled trials, and 2 uncontrolled clinical studies. Studies were conducted using manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm needling, pharmacopuncture, fire needling, and auricular acupuncture. Most studies used more than one acupoint (n=40), and there were 111 acupoints selected for acupuncture treatment for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet. The most commonly used acupoint was LI11 (n=27). In terms of the correlation of acupoints, LI11 had the highest value of degree centrality at 0.6989. The mean treatment time, number of treatments, and duration were 26.8±8.87 minutes, 15.51±15.75 times, and 77.69±132.80 days. Conclusions : The results of this study could be useful in establishing the evidence for performing standardized acupuncture treatment for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand effect on respiratory disease and satisfaction of parents about acupoint sticking in hottest period of summer. Methods A survey was conducted to the parents of their children who took acupoint sticking in Dog-days for two years in a row. 17 children (10 boys, 7 girls, 4.0-12.11 years) were attached Socheongo to BL-13, BL-15, BL-17 for 3 hours. In terms of the effectiveness of the therapy, the treatment only considered as effective when there is any improvement in respiratory symptoms. Results 11 children (64.7%) from the study group have shown positive effect. There were significant improvements in frequency of having a cold or duration of a cold; duration of rhinitis; frequency of having empyema or its duration; frequency of having bronchitis; frequency of having pneumonia; frequency of having otitis media. Respiratory health VAS (Visual Analog Scale) had significant increase from 5 to 6.71 (p<0.05). 7 parents (41.2%) were satisfied with acupoint in hottest period of summer and 16 parents (94.1%) wanted to have their children get treated again in next year. From the survey, inconveniences of acupuncture were weak attachment of the acupoint (23.5%), long attaching time (11.8%), pressure about number of treatments (5.9%), worry about side effects (5.9%). Side effects have been reported; 2 pruritus (11.8%), 1 pruritus and erythema (5.9%). Conclusions Acupoint sticking in hottest period of summer improves lung symptoms in children older than three years old. However, the ways to reduce the side effects and inconveniences are needed.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2006

A Double Facade System(DFS) is well known as an innovative solution of ecological facade in the west european countries. There are more than 200 various realized DFS in Germany. At the same time, the korean engineers have researched to find out the physical advantages of DFS in the moderate korean climate, which has a very humid summer with high temperature and a dry winter with low temperature. For example, the monthly mean temperature in Korea comes up to 28K, while that in Germany comes up to only 19K. That is, why a other solution of DFS is needed in Korea. This study has experimented the physical performance of the natural ventilation in the heating period. The preheating function of the cold air by DFS can improve no doubt the performance of the natural ventilation at the cold season as well as spring and autumn. The physical difference between single and double facade on natural ventilation has been tested at the newly constructed laboratory, which can turn $360^{\circ}$ to confirm the characteristic of a facade with the various directions. The results show the natural ventilation of the DFS has definitely much more comfortable than that of the single facade system. The air velocity of the inflow as well as the air temperature in the DFS provide a more stable condition than in the SFS. The theoretical limit(air velocity max 0.2m/s, air temperature min. $18^{\circ}C$, temperature difference between 100mm and 1700mm height max. 3K) on the indoor comfortableness doesn't go over in the DFS. On the other hand, the SFS showed an unstable condition with an excess of comfortableness limit on air velocity as well as temperature. In view of the researching results so far achieved, the research came to a conclusion, that the DFS can provide a more comfortable indoor condition by the preheating in the heating period than a SFS, and the period of natural ventilation in winter time could be definitely increased at the DFS.

• 대한화상학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2021

Purpose: Currently, the most recommended method for burn first aid is the cool running water for 20 minutes (CRW20). If CRW20 is not practicable, cooling dressing products with tea tree oil are used as substitutes. In this study, we analyze the effect of various burn first aids, including CRW20, cooling products, on the treatment period. Methods: This study was conducted on patients who suffered burns and visited Hangangsoo Hospital from March 2019 to March 2020. The study conducted in a retrospective method. The duration of treatment was analyzed by dividing the experimental group. Results: The treatment period was shortened when first aid was given (P<0.001). Cold water, ice, and ice packs resulted in reduced treatment periods (P<0.001, P=0.004). The treatment period was reduced when cooling dressing products were used in all groups (P=0.041). The implementation of first aid has reduced the duration of burn treatment. This means that cooling helps burn treatment. CRW20 did not show statistically meaningful results. This is the result of a failure to fully control the temperature and time of tap water. In addition, the change in temperature of tap water according to season, the use of water is higher than that of animal testing, and the general lack of information on proper burn first aid may have affected. Conclusion: The treatment period was statistically significantly reduced in the group that performed first aid. Among the various first aid methods, cold water and ice reduced the treatment period.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1264-1276
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• 2000

Light-off catalyst has been used for minimization of cold-start emissions. Improved cold-start performance of light-off catalyst needs the optimal design in terms of flow distribution, geometric surface area, precious metal loading, cell density and space velocity. In this study, these influential factors are numerically investigated using integrated numerical technique by considering not only 3-D fluid flow but also heat and mass transfer with chemical reactions. The present results indicate that uneven catalyst loading of depositing high active catalyst at upstream of monolith is beneficial during warm-up period but its effect is severely deteriorated when the space velocity is above 100,000 $hr^{-1}$ To maximize light-off performance, this study suggests that 1) a light-off catalyst be designed double substrate type; 2) the substrate with high GSA and high PM loading at face be placed at the front monolith; and 3) the cell density of the rear monolith be lower to reduce the pressure drop.