• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether the extract of Coptidis Rhizoma inhibits inflammation in chronic cold stress (CCS)-exposed mice or not. Methods : Coptidis Rhizoma extract (CRE) was made by reflux with distilled water. Male ICR mice (7 weeks old) were divided randomly into 5 groups: (1) control, (2) CCS, (3) CCS+CRE 100 mg/kg, (4) CCS+CRE 300 mg/kg, (5) CCS+CRE 1,000 mg/kg groups. Mice were orally administered once a day for 14 days starting from 1 day before CCS. Group (2)-(5) were exposed to CCS conditions that maintained at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2 h once a day for 14 days. The levels of serum cortisol and hypothalamic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and PGE2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The expression levels of several pro-inflammatory factors like heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), c-fos, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) were measured by western blot analysis in mouse hypothalamus. Results : Oral administration of CRE 1,000 mg/kg significantly suppressed the increase of serum cortisol levels in mice exposed to CCS. CCS-exposed mice had significantly increased the expression of HSP70, c-fos, and NF-kB in hypothalamus, while CRE treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of these pro-inflammatory factors. The ratio of PGE2/PGE1 was also higher in CCS-exposed mice than control group. CRE treatment significantly reduced the increase of PGE2/PGE1 ratio induced by CCS. Conclusion : These findings suggest that Coptidis Rhizoma may work as a potential agent to modulate inflammatory responses under the condition of cold adaptation formed by CCS.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2014

Objectives: Most drug interactions are attributed to the inhibition or induction of the activity of cytochrome P450s (CYP450). Although the regulation of CYP450s by drugs has been widely reported, there have been few studies on influence of traditional herbal formulas on the drug-metabolizing enzymes. Because herbal formulas have been used traditionally to treat various diseases and because herb-drug interactions are crucial factors determining therapeutic efficacies, a systematic evaluation of the effects of herbal formulas is important. Methods: The effects of Galgeun-tang (GGT, gegen tang), Gumiganghwal-tang (GMGHT, jiuweiqianghuo tang), Insampaedok-san (ISPDS, renshenbaidu powder), Samsoeum (SSE, shensu drink), Socheongryong-tang (SCRT, xiaoqinglong-tang) and Sosiho-tang (SSHT, xiaochaihu tang) that are traditional herbal formulas used to treat common cold, on drug-metabolizing enzymes were evaluated through an in vitro CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 inhibition assay to assess its interaction potential with synthetic drugs. The inhibitory effects of herbal formulas were characterized with $IC_{50}$ values. Results: These six herbal formulas inhibited the activities of CYP3A4, 2C19, 2D6 and 2E1, in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six herbal formulas, GGT critically inhibited CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1. GMGHT also inhibited CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 to a greater extent than the other CYP450 isozymes. Additionally, SSE and SSHT may change the effects of medicines that depend primarily on the CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 pathways. On the other hand, ISPDS and SCRT were not inhibited CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1-mediated metabolism. Conclusions: These findings provide useful information regarding the safety and effectiveness of herbal formulas.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.319-335
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• 2000

According to the literatual study on the external medical trearment of Menorrhalgia and Leucorrhea for gynecologic condition, the results were as follows. 1. Using external medical treatment for Menorrhalgia is to insert vagina theraphy, fumigation theraphy, to wash vagina theraphy, to insert anus theraphy, to apply hot pack theraphy and use with suppository such as BANSUKHWAN(礬石丸), SASANGZASAN(蛇床子散), KUMBONGHYUNGJU(金鳳衡珠) 2. Using external medical treatment for Leucorrhea is washing and fumigation on vagina, to wash vagina, to insert vagina, cleansing theraphy and use with Suppository such as YONGYEOMGO(龍鹽膏), KAMISASANGJASAN(加味蛇床子散), SASANGSACHUNGSEJE(蛇床子洗劑). 3. ANGELICAE GIGANTIS RADIX (當歸) is in mostly general use for external medical treatment of Menorrhalgia and Leucorrhea, in that order ANSU SEMEN(杏仁), EVODIAE FRUCTUS(吳茱萸), TORILIS FRUCTUS (蛇床子), CORYDALIS TUBER(玄胡索), CINIAMOMI CORTEX(肉桂), CARYOPHYLLI FLOS(丁香), ALUMEN(枯白礬), AQUILARIAE LIGNUM (沈香). 4. The efficacy of medicines to use external medical treatment is as follow to help circulation of blood, to warm spleen and stomach, to warm blood, to warm uterus and remove cold, to remove heat and dry moisture, to down heat-product, to contract bloodvessel, to counteract poison and destory virus, to make energy and blood. 5. KUMBONGHYUNGJU, made same size as cherry and shape vagina medicine, use for Menorrhalgia, menstural irregularity, Leucorrhea, it has the efficacy as follow to remove cold and dry moisture, to warm uterus, to help circulation and romove pain, to down moisture-heat.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2011

More than 30,000 Wooden Slips were excavated in the Juyan region in 1930s and 1970s. These slips recorded military actions of Juyan Frontier Fortress during Han dynasty, which is about BC 100 ~ AD 30. On the slips, there are many disease names and symptoms mentioned. We focused on a certain disease name, namely, Shnaghan(傷寒; injured by cold), which is the main subject of Shangha-lun(傷寒論). Looking closely into these Juan Wooden Slips, we found many articles recording Shanghan, including related diseases and symptoms, such as Shanghan(傷汗; injured by sweat), headache, fever and chills, immobilization of limbs, unacceptance of foods. And there are another Shanghan-related symptoms, such as inflation of upper-abdomen(心腹支滿), pain of upper abdomen(心腹痛), strain of both armpits(兩胠葥急), inflation of chest(胸脇支滿), tightness and fear in the chest(煩滿). Although they have no direct relationship with Shanghan, there are many symptoms, including the external wounds of waist, finger, thigh, back, breast and head, abscess of leg and elbow, sore throat, itching, leucorrhea, powerlessness of hands and legs(手足癃), visceral injury(傷臟), tinnitus, cold, warm and heat. Because the Wooden Slips are very short, with some characters even missing, we can not confirm the detail of the disease and symptoms. In addition, we will report about the herbal medicines and other treatments, which are recorded on the slips, by further research.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this case study is to report the effectiveness of the Korean medicine Beewha-eum as a treatment for functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods: A patient diagnosed with a spleen-stomach deficiency-cold pattern in Korean medicine was treated with herbal medicines, including Beewha-eum. Symptom severity was assessed using the degree of self-reported dyspepsia (%), self-reported energy level, amount of food intake (%), total parenteral nutrition rate (cc/hour), body weight (kg), Nepean dyspepsia index (NDI-K), functional dyspepsia-related quality of life questionnaire (FD-QoL), and short form 36-item health survey (SF-36) score. Results: After treatment, the symptom severity of self-reported dyspepsia decreased from 100% to 10 to 15%, and the self-reported energy level increased from 20 to 80. The amount of food intake increased from 5% to 100%, and the total parenteral nutrition rate started from 60 cc/hour end in week 5. Body weight increased from 53.1 kg to 62 kg. The NDI-K score decreased from 105 to 31. The FD-QoL score increased from 19 to 68. The SF-36 score also increased from 102 to 116. Conclusion: The results suggest that the Korean medicine Beewha-eum could be an effective option for treating FD.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.203-222
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• 2010

Objectives : There was propose of development of tool for evaluation of Sambokgu-Therapy(三伏灸法) and concept of DongbeongHachi(冬病夏治) for preventing winter disease in the summer. Methods : Details on programs preventing winter disease in the summer such as clear concept, theoretical basis, current status, intervention or available prescriptions and indication/contraindication/caution were prepared through the related journal review, upon which an observational study was devised and done for simulation to find out even a trivial problem and to guarantee the safety beforehand. This study was to understand DongbeongHachi(冬病夏治), to find out the diseases related to DongbeongHachi(冬病夏治) and to develop evaluation tools of each diseases. In addition we meaned to understand Sambokgu-Therapy(三伏灸法) sorts and necessity and to discover side effects or validity related factors. Results : We selected air-conditioningitis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, common cold and allergic rhinitis as DongbeongHachi(冬病夏治) related diseases. And some questionnaires are developed, which they could show the general characteristics and each diseases specifics Discussions : I expects to enhance status of the oriental medicines as preventive medicine, if we continue to supplement effectiveness and safeties about Sambokgu-Therapy(三伏灸法) through clinical reserches based on this study.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.155-164
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review allergic rhinitis and to help make full use of oriental medical therapy in this disease. Methods : We investigated the published papers with the key word 'allergic rhinitis' and refered to several important old records Results : 1. Allegic rhinitis in Oriental Medicine is known as bigu, bunche and the main symptoms is rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal obstruction. 2. The cause of allergic rhinitis in Oriental Medicine is dysfunctions of the spleen, lung and kidney systems bring weakness to the vital energy(正氣) making wind and cold(風寒邪氣) energy easy to intrude. 3. Determination of the patient's constitution and understanding of the weakness of spleen, lung and kidney systems helps improve the treatment rate, it is used to treat allergic rhinits with herbal medicines, acupunctures and so on. 4. In acupuncture therapy, the mainly used acupuncture points are 迎香(younghyang), 印堂(yindang), 鼻通(bitong), 上星(sangsung), 合谷(habgouk). Conclusions : The Oriental Medicine treatment principal of rhinitis is strengthening the body resistance and eliminating the pathogenic factors according to the individual characters of each patients and the symptoms.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.574-581
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• 2008

Objective : Functional dyspepsia is a common disease impeding subjective quality of life. The present study aimed to analyze syndrome differentiation of functional dyspepsia to help with development of oriental therapeutics. Methods : Sixty-eight subjects diagnosed with functional dyspepsia were analyzed and classified into one of five syndrome differentiations. We compared symptomatic characteristics according to the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI), such as severity, kinds of dyspepsia-related complaints and functional dyspepsia quality of life (QOL) among groups. Results : Patients with disharmony between liver and stomach were most prevalent (52.9%), but no patients with complex of fever and cold. The scores of symptom severity and QOL were not significantly different between groups. Each group had a specified pattern of complaints. Conclusions : Clinical-study based analysis of functional dyspepsia constructed by this study, could be useful in objectively developing Oriental medicines for this disease.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2012

In pathologically analyzing, 'Qi(氣)' is fall downed 'Zheng-Qi(正氣; Base energy of human body)' or 'Wai-Gan-Xie-Qi(外感邪氣; poisoned energy from outside of human body)'. And all extroverted symptoms from this 'Qi(氣)' is 'Shang-Chong(上衝)'. Also this symptom's basic mechanism is deficiency of 'Zhong-yang(中陽; basic active energy acting pivot)' by non-proper 'Xia-fa(下法; treatment way getting out focus to down side)' at early days of 'Tai-Yang-bing (太陽病; Primary stage symptoms when the cold energy of the outside tresspasses the external layer of body)'. And comparing herbs in medicines for treating 'Shang-Chong(上衝)' in Shang han lun with Japanese in Shang-han medical practitioner's view, there is 'Ping-Chong(平衝; Supress out bursting energy)''s effect when use 'Gui-zhi(桂枝; Cinnamomum cassia loureirii zeylanuicum)' for mass dosage. Based on these, 'Qi-Shang-Chong(氣上衝)' means all of the symptom's aspects which called 'Yang(陽)''s aspect that is extrovesity, dynamic and imminent by results of the experiment about Cinnamaldehyde which are the main ingredients of 'Gui-zhi(桂枝; Cinnamomum cassia loureirii zeylanuicum)' and clinical data of 'Gui-zhi-tang(桂枝湯)'.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 2005

This report describes 48 studies related to the use of Bulbus Fritillariae main blended prescriptions from Donguibogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Bulbus Fritillariae as a key ingredient. All kinds of infection in a cough and the malignant tumor recorded the largest number of clinical frequency of the prescriptions in therapeutic use when Bulbus Fritillariae was taken as a principle medicine. The Prescriptions are compounded with Bulbus Fritillariae as a principle medicine can aplly to respiratory disease, eye disease, nose and ear disease, throat disease, a boil. Various pathogenic factors such as consumptive disease, phlegm, phlegm-fire, invasion by wind, affective by cold, fire, dyspepsia-fire are put to practical use. The dosage of Bulbus Fritillariae is 5 bun (about 1.88g) to 1 lyang(about 37.5g), however 1 jeon(about 3.75g) has been taken the most for clinical application. With examination the formulae of presciptions containing Bulbus Fritillariae, I found the basic prescriptions as well as the medicines are in conjunction with Bulbus Fritillariae and the theoretic grounds of formula in combining Bulbus Fritillariae as a group of medicine for presciption through this reseach.