• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.181-196
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• 2023

Size, velocity, and time equivalence are mechanisms that allow us to perceive objects in three-dimensional space consistently, despite errors on the two-dimensional retinal image. These mechanisms work on common cues, suggesting that the perception of motion distance, motion speed, and motion time may share common processing. This can lead to the hypothesis that, despite the spatial nature of visual stimuli distorting temporal perception, the perception of motion speed and the perception of motion duration will tend to oppose each other, as observed for objects moving in the environment. To test this hypothesis, the present study measured perceived speed using Müller-Lyer illusion stimulus to determine the relationship between the time-perception consequences of motion stimuli observed in previous studies and the speed perception measured in the present study. Experiment 1 manipulated the perceived motion trajectory while controlling for the retinal motion trajectory, and Experiment 2 manipulated the retinal motion trajectory while controlling for the perceived motion trajectory. The result is that the speed of the inward stimulus, which is perceived to be shorter, is estimated to be higher than that of the outward stimulus, which is perceived to be longer than the actual distance traveled. Taken together with previous time perception findings, namely that time perception is expanded for outward stimuli and contracted for inward stimuli, this suggests that when the perceived trajectory of a stimulus manipulated by the Müller-Lyer illusion is controlled for, perceived speed decreases with increasing duration and increases with decreasing duration when the perceived distance of the stimulus is constant. This relationship suggests that the relationship between time and speed perceived by spatial cues corresponds to the properties of objects moving in the environment, i.e, an increase in time decreases speed and a decrease in time increases speed when distance remains the same.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

A variety of writing support systems focus on the information management or the feature analysis of the commercially successful narrative texts. In these approaches, the reader's role in the narrative creating process is overlooked. During a writing work, an author anticipates the reader's response or expectation to the narrative and he/she organizes the narrative either along or against the prediction about readers. Assessing and controlling the reader's comprehension in the development of events influences the aesthetic quality of the narrative. In this paper, we suggest a writing support system to visualize and adjust the characteristics of a narrative text related to the reader's comprehension, which is theoretically based on the narrative structure model and the event-indexing situation model. Under the development of the support system, we designed an interactive framework to create events as the basic units of story and arrange them onto both story- and discourse-time axes. Using this framework, we analyzed the organization of events about an actual film narrative. We also proposed both the continuity of the situational dimensions and the cognitive complexity as the characteristics to affect the reader's comprehension, hence we devised a method to visualize and evaluate them. This method was applied to the actual film narrative and the result was discussed in the aspect of the features of the narrative and wiring support strategies.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-62
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• 2001

This study examined the qualities of an effective teacher needed to accomplish educational reform successfully and prepare for a rapidly changing knowledge-based society. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following specific questions were looked into; (1) knowledge, skills, attitude of an effective teacher. (2) a proposal for staff development programs to improve the effectiveness of teachers. (3) a proposal to support teachers' efforts to improve their effectiveness. (4) the factors inhibiting the improvement of teachers' effectiveness. In this study, 'in-depth interview' was used for data collection because the study deals with the "subjective consciousness" of teachers, and qualitative research methods are useful to such a case. The research was done on teachers from secondary schools in Pusan City. According to the teachers interviewed, an effective teacher needed in the new age has such knowledge, skills, and attitude as; (1) knowledge in their major, general culture and common sense, psychology of educational counselling, social science, and knowledge and information related to curriculum. (2) effective instruction skills, skills to guide student behavior, skills related to administrative clerical work, using the computers, extra curriculum activities, educational evaluation, using teaching materials, developing educational programs, and good communication skills. (3) attitude relevant to willingness to understand and converse with students at their cognitive level, positive expectations and concern toward students, democratic problem solving, continuous self-study and development, thoroughgoing mission and professionalism, will for educational reform and innovation, neat appearance and refined language, and successful interpersonal relationships. The teachers also said that the current staff development system, as a program to provide necessary qualities for teachers, has improved in the last 3 years through diverse curriculum and systematic programs. However, due to the problematic promotion system, the staff development program has turned into just a 'point collecting' game from the role of in-service training program; teachers take training courses as the means just collecting points for promotion purpose. Factors inhibiting the improvement of teachers are (1) overload of formal paperwork over emphasizing outcome, (2) mannerism of teachers not perceiving their lack of professionalism, (3) the general attitude in the teaching profession resisting change and reform, (4) supervisory activities lacking rigid regulation, (5) research just as the means of point-collection only for promotion, and (6) staff development programs lacking efficiency. These factors, interacting each other, inhibited the improvement of teachers.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.240-253
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• 2016

This study was undertaken to better understand the professional recognition of the food service industry of college students in food service realted majors based on characteristics of the respondents In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 211 questionnaire surveys were colelcted in the period from May 19 to May 30, 2014. The study conducted regression analysis by using SPSS Win18.0 package, for frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, analysis of reliability, correlation analysis tests, t-test, andone way ANOVA. Measure of occupation self-esteem, positive values, social reputation, negatively handled, relatively effectively configuration, each construct was to ensure reliable and statistically significant relevance. The results were analyzed by the difference factor of occupation self-esteem according to demographic characteristics, depending on gender, has confirmed that the perceived social reputation in a different way, depending on the differences in grade, to verify that you are aware of the positive values in a different way. Also Department has been analyzed with the degree of cognitive differ for positive values and negative treatment in accordance with, understand that it perceives the relative effects and negative treatment in accordance with the future desired profession in a different way. This suggests that there is a need to find ways to satisfaction and career decision level of major occupational self-esteem is high is to raise the occupational self-esteem major of food service industry college students based on the results of previous research get higher. In particular, I would like to emphasize that there is a need provide a substantial improvement on the negative treatment and the most negative recognize and social reputation is for the work of the food service industry.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.144-154
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• 2003

Recently, in the academic disciplines critical thinking has been emphasized as the new evolution in education. Problem-based learning is suggested as the evolutionary learning method in developing critical thinking. In the nursing education, PBL is offered as an appropriate teaching method to prepare nurse student for professional. PBL is a student-centered learning strategy aimed at developing critical thinking, motivating self-directed study and attaining autonomy. The purpose of this study was to develop the communication curriculum of nursing education based on PBL and implementing of it. PBL module was developed focused on five communication situations. And learning strategies to facilitate the learning process and the guided questions to stimulate student inquiry were also developed. This PBL education was conducted for six students in the master's course during the 14 weeks from March, 2000 to June, 2000. The outcomes of the PBL education were examined based on the content analysis of the students reflective journal. As a result, it was found that students experienced the effect of it focused on self-oriented, group-oriented, and practice-oriented domain. In the self-oriented domain, the findings indicate that there were 5 kinds of concepts including 'motivation for self-directed study', 'transition toward certainty in knowledge acquisition', 'attempt to apply their prior knowledge into new situation', 'enhancement of self-image in real situation', 'self-growth with self reflection'. In the group-oriented domain, there were 3 kinds of concepts including 'cognitive work in group', 'perception of co-responsibility in attaining learning objectives', 'socialization with group members'. In the practice-oriented domain, there were 3 kinds of concepts including 'linkage theoretical knowledge with real situation', 'attempt to apply in real situation', 'development problem solving skill in real situation'. In conclusion, PBL had a significant effect on self, group, and clinical domain. And assessing PBL outcomes is challenging because standardized instrument do not develop yet. So the findings of this study can suggest the basic data for examining the PBL outcome.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.636-652
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• 2018

This study is about applying the concept of moral injury in reinterpreting and understanding the experience of female North Korean refugees who have experienced psychological trauma and are struggling with adjusting in their everyday lives. The database KISS and DBpia were used to search for academic peer-reviewed articles published before August 13th in 2017, using 'female or women North Korean,' 'female or women relocated North Korean,' and 'female or women North Korean defector' as keywords. In total 51 studies were finally selected for content analysis and the result were the following. First, listing from the most often occurring study topic to the least occurring topic in order: post-defection adjustment related, mothering experience, experience of North Korean regime and Korean War, work or job or employment related, recovering from psychological trauma as well as growth and resilience related, experiences in China, trauma and psychological difficulties, anxiety treatment process and effects. Second, words related to psychological aspect of moral injury appeared 260 times in 51 selected studies, changes in the existential belief appeared 82 times, cognitive aspects of moral injury appeared 71 times, and behavioral aspects 21 times. Third, two main contexts emerged to be the antecedent that led to moral injury and they were 'identity denial' and 'dismantled family.' In attempts to find opposite cases or stories where aspects of moral injury were not found despite the existence of its antecedents and it was 'identity restructuring.' Based on the finding, practice implications that could help female North Korean refugees prevent or recover from moral injury were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.688-698
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the conceptual definitions and attributes of fatigue in hemodialysis patients based on the Hybrid Model of concept development. The Hybrid Model was used to investigate the main attributes and indicators of the concept by applying three stages. After a literature review, data were collected through observation and interviews including qualitative research in the field work stage. The participants included 10 patients in hemodialysis center of two hospitals in Gwang-ju, Korea. The attributes of fatigue concept in the hemodialysis patients were divided into four dimensions, physical activity, affective mood, social role, and cognitive reflection. The definition of fatigue by hemodialysis patients was defined as 'subjective feeling usually experienced in four dimensions during the process to recognize and adjust energy deficiency and limited functions caused by uremia and repeated hemodialysis for chronic renal failure'. Considering the dimensions and attributes derived from this study, it may be possible to develop an effective intervention program for fatigue in hemodialysis patients.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

Purpose - Goal setting is effective in any domain in which an individual or group has some control over the outcomes. It applies not only to work tasks but also to sports and health, and in various other settings. Its success depends on considering the mediators and moderators determining its efficacy and applicability. This study investigates the individual factors influencing academic goal attainability. Unlike previous studies, we focused on the effect of the relationships between individual traits (passion, tenacity, self-control) and specific motivation (vision, self-efficacy, implementation intentions) with academic goal attainability, rather than the effects of the relationship between commitment and the goal shielding mechanism with goal attainability. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collected through questionnaires were analyzed by the SPSS program. A total of 293 school students, who participated in the TOEIC program, participated in the survey. Slightly more than half were female (male: n=145 vs. female: n=148). We verified nine hypotheses through various statistical methods (reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model for the hypothesis test, bootstrapping test for the mediation test). Results - Data was analyzed in three phases. The first phase involved measurement analysis (i.e., item purification and factor structure confirmation), involving the scales of the three variables of individual traits, three mechanism variables, and goal attainability. The second phase involved estimating the proposed structural relationships among the key constructs (see Figure 1), using the results to test H1 to H9. The final phase involved examining the mediating effects of the three variables (vision, implementation intention, and self-efficacy). The research model shows that the independent variable passion has a significant result with both the mediators-vision and self-efficacy. Further, vision and self-efficacy significantly affect goal attainability. The second variable, self-control, shows a significant effect when mediated by implementation intentions, but the direct relationship between implementation intension and goal attainability shows an insignificant result. However, when further mediated by self-efficacy, it showed a significant effect between self-efficacy and goal attainability. Similarly, the third variable, tenacity, shows an insignificant result when mediated by vision. In contrast, the mediator self-efficacy shows a positive effect between tenacity and goal attainability. Conclusions - This study shows how these individual traits, when mediated with the appropriate motivational factors, resulted significantly in the attainability of academic goals. We may identify several theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, we developed a step further in the research into consumer goals and related studies. Future research could examine the effects of different learning goal types and their combinations with performance goals (e.g., learning goals first, then performance goals), different types of goal framing (approach success vs. avoid failure), the relation between goals and cognition (which, by implication, entails all of cognitive psychology), goal hierarchies, and macro goal studies with organizations of different sizes. More studies on the relationship between conscious and subconscious goals would also be valuable.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 1996

The clinical practice program for home care nurses was implemented in June 1994, to help to set up a hospital-based home care system in the Kwangju City area as a collaborative work between the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Chunnam University Hospital and Chunnam University School of Nursing. Under the developed clinical practice strategy, the eight week training was given to five licensed home care nurses who had completed Part I and II of the home health care nursing practicum from June 1994. The purpose of this descriptive evaluation study was to identify the effectiveness of the clinical practice program for home care nurses specialized in the area of patient care for people with musculoskeletal function impairment. As a method in data analysis, data triangulation was used in the five home care nurse case evaluations. The variety of data analyzed include confidence score by home care nurse self-evaluation, patient and family member satisfaction scores, and competency score by preceptor evaluation. The study findings revealed that an increase rate in nursing performance didrate necessarily coincide with an increase not in competency score and also, not with the patient /family member satisfaction scores. And an order derived from the clinical performance scores of five home care nurses corresponded to those from three measurements-competency score, patient satisfaction score, and family member satisfaction score. However, it differed from the order associated with the confidence score. Consistency derived from the three objective evaluation methods may lead to the possibility that the level of competency measured by educator can be further explained by the levels of patient/family member satisfaction. The salient finding of this study was that, in case of nurse A who have had little clinical experience in the orthopedic patient care, there was a significant increase in the level of confidence and competency in subscale of professional skill with the home care clinical practice. Therefore, the effect of the clinical practice program would be successful for nurses who have had little experience in the area of specialization. The study results suggest that there might be some time difference in the development of cognitive sense (confidence) in performance and actual clinical performance (competency). In future research, relationships between the confidence and competency score, and between the confidence score and the patient satisfaction score should to be measured in different time frame to achieve a better explanation power of the study outcome.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate Earth Systems Education, its matter and also its possibility of practical application in Korea. Some attempts are made to see the value of the Earth Systems Education. Adopting two kinds of Korean science textbooks of middle school and activity of Earth Systems Education were analyzed. The interview with teachers is implemented for the study on objective, the structure of matter and teaching strategy in Earth Systems Education. The program is given to 96 students(2 classes, the first grade at middle school). To analyze the effect of Earth Systems Education program, students were interviewed by their teacher. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The Earth Systems Education is contributed to the way to enable students to have a cognitive perspective about the earth and to look for the nature. Earth Systems Education is to use interdisciplinary approaches for integration in science. 2. The result of analysis in the contents of Korean science textbooks, the viewpoints about Earth Systems Education were not found, but the accounts about the interactions among subsystems were found. 3. According to the results of interview with teachers, they approve of system approach, the structure of matter and teaching strategy of Earth Systems Education. 4. According to the results of interview with students, they understand the interactions among subsystems which are elements of Earth Systems. As a results, Earth Systems Education is a effective method for informed judgements about Earth and science and manner for work for integration in science curriculum. So Earth Systems Education be applied to science education in Korea.