• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1998

In mathematics education we have focused on how to improve the problem-solving ability, which makes its way to the new direction with the introduction of meta-cognition. As meta-cognition is based on cognitive activity of learners and concerned about internal properties, we may find a more effective way to generate learners problem-solving power. Its means that learners can regulate cognitive process according to their gorls of learning by themselves. Moreover, they are expected to make active participation through this process. If specific meta problems designed to develop meta-cognition are offered, learners are able to work alone by means of their own cognition and regulation while solving problems. They can transfer meta-cognition to the other subjects as well as mathematics. The studies on meta-cognition conducted so far may be divided into these three types. First in Flavell(［3］) meta-cognition is defined as the matter of being conscious of one's own cognition, that is, recognizing cognition. He conducted an experiment with presschoolers and children who just entered primary school and concluded that their cognition may be described as general stage that can not link to specific situation in line with Piaget. Second, Brown(［1］, ［2］) and others argued that meta-cognition means control and regulation of one's own cognition and tried to apply such concept to classrooms. He tried to fined out the strategies used by intelligent students and teach such types of activity to other students. Third, Merleary-Ponty (1962) claimed that meta-cognition is children's way of understanding phenomena or objects. They worked on what would come out in children's cognition responding to their surrounding world. In this paper following the model of meta-cognition produced by Lester (［7］) based on such ideas, we develop types of meta-cognition. In the process of meta-cognition, the meta-cognition working for it is to be intentionally developed and to help unskilled students conduct meta-cognition. When meta-cognition is disciplined through meta problems, their problem-solving power will provide more refined methods for the given problems through autonomous meta-cognitive activity without any further meta problems.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.21
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• pp.437-449
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• 2015

The research aims to verify the effects of preference for science and self-directed learning ability of the science puppet show program that the researcher has developed as a STEAM education model. The results for conducting the survey with the same questionnaire before and after the program targeting the students showed that the science puppet show had effects on increasing the science related assignment performance will of the behavioral will among the three sub-dimensions including emotional respond, value cognition and behavioral will, but there was no effect on overall aspects of science preference. It can be interpreted as reflecting the characteristics of the scientific talents who already have a high level of preference for science. In addition, the three sub-dimensions including the cognitive regulation, motivational regulation and behavioral regulation had effects on the self-directed learning ability. Especially it had great effects on the directed learning ability of cognitive regulation, learning motivation of motivational regulation, tool application of behavioral regulation, and cooperation capacity which were greater for female students than male students. It is judged that the three-staged science puppet show program including the 'content integrating stage' that the students integrate the curriculum contents, 'integrated mission stage' of solving the visualization, auralization and performance missions by themselves, and 'process integration stage' of making the stage piece all together.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.176-183
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• 2014

Cognitive impairment is a result of dementia of diverse causes, such as cholinergic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (Saururaceae) has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine. It has biological activities including protective effects against amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$) toxicity, via regulation of calcium homeostasis, in rat hippocampal cells. To extend previous reports, we investigated the effects of water extracts of H. cordata herb (HCW) on tauopathies, also involving calcium influx. We then confirmed the effects of HCW in improving memory impairment and neuronal damage in mice with Ab-induced neurotoxicity. We also investigated the effects of HCW against scopolamine-induced cholinergic dysfunction in mice. In primary neuronal cells, HCW inhibited the phosphorylation of tau by regulating p25/p35 expression in $A{\beta}$-induced neurotoxicity. In mice with $A{\beta}$-induced neurotoxicity, HCW improved cognitive impairment, as assessed with behavioral tasks, such as novel object recognition, Y-maze, and passive avoidance tasks. HCW also inhibited the degeneration of neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in Ab-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, HCW, which had an $IC_{50}$ value of $79.7{\mu}g/ml$ for acetylcholinesterase inhibition, ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment significantly in Y-maze and passive avoidance tasks. These results indicate that HCW improved cognitive impairment, due to cholinergic dysfunction, with inhibitory effects against tauopathies and cholinergic antagonists, suggesting that HCW may be an interesting candidate to investigate for the treatment of AD.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

This study examined if the effect of family functioning on preschoolers' school readiness can be mediated by mothers' affective parenting and preschoolers' self-regulation in the year before children enter elementary school. This study analyzed the 7^th year data of panel study of Korean children collected by the Korean Institute of Child Care and Education. Statistical analysis included 1,513 pairs of 6-year-old children and mothers. Descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analysis were conducted using SPSS 22 and Amos 20. The primary findings were as follows. First, the sub-factors of preschoolers' school readiness composed of children's social and emotional development, approach to learning, cognitive development and general knowledge, and communication were positively correlated with family functioning, mothers' affective parenting, and preschoolers' self-regulation. Second, the result of structural equation modeling showed that the indirect paths from family functioning to preschoolers' school readiness through mothers' affective parenting and preschoolers' self-regulation were significant, while the direct path was insignificant. Third, bootstrapping analysis showed that mothers' affective parenting and preschoolers' self-regulation fully mediated the relationship between family functioning and preschoolers' self-regulation. The findings provide the grounds for families and parents with preschool aged children to implement effective support practices to maintain a functional family system that can promote preschoolers' school readiness.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2022

Objective : The present study examined the effectiveness of the mindful self-compassion (MSC) program on anxiety, depression, self-compassion and emotion regulation. Methods : A total of 29 subjects (mean age 27.5±6.5 years, 15 males and 14 females) participated in a standardized 8-week MSC program. The control group consisted of age- and sex-matched twenty participants (mean age 26.0±2.9 years, 11 males and 9 females). All subjects completed self-report measurements at two weeks before and after the MSC program. Results : MSC training improved self-compassion as demonstrated by the significant group x time interaction effects on the total Self-Compassion Scale scores (F[1, 47]=8.324, p<0.01). Regarding the subscale scores, a significant improvement in self-kindness, isolation and mindfulness components of self-compassion was observed after MSC training. A significant group x time interaction was observed on the self-kindness subscale (F[1, 47]=4.664, p<0.05), with a significant main effect of time (F[1, 47]=23.723, p<0.001). The isolation subscale showed a significant group x time interaction (F[1, 47]=8.698, p<0.001). For the mindfulness subscale, there was a significant group x time interaction (F[1, 47]=6.611, p<0.05) and main effect of time (F[1, 47]=6.611, p<0.05). MSC training also improved the acceptance emotion regulation strategy, as demonstrated by the significant group x time interaction in the acceptance subscale scores of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (F[1, 47]=6.845, p<0.05). Conclusion : MSC training showed efficacy in fostering self-compassion and improving emotion regulation. Thus, this program might be applicable to improve mental health.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2022

The study examined the relationship between other-dependent narcissism and road rage experience, and whether the relationship was mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In addition, the study investigated whether the experience of road rage differed by gender, and the gender difference was mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. A total of 209 drivers including 107 males and 102 females completed an online survey composed of Two Dimension Narcissism Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and experience of road rage. The main results are as follows: first, blaming others and catastrophizing factors of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies mediated the relationship between other-dependent narcissism and road rage experience. Second, male participants had more experience of road rage than female participants, which was mediated by blaming others factor of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Finally, implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.599-608
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• 2015

Regeneration, a process of reconstitution of the entire tissue, occurs throughout life in the olfactory epithelium (OE). Regeneration of OE consists of several stages: proliferation of progenitors, cell fate determination between neuronal and non-neuronal lineages, their differentiation and maturation. How the differentiated cell types that comprise the OE are regenerated, is one of the central questions in olfactory developmental neurobiology. The past decade has witnessed considerable progress regarding the regulation of transcription factors (TFs) involved in the remarkable regenerative potential of OE. Here, we review current state of knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory networks that are powerful modulators of the acquisition and maintenance of developmental stages during regeneration in the OE. Advance in our understanding of regeneration will not only shed light on the basic principles of adult plasticity of cell identity, but may also lead to new approaches for using stem cells and reprogramming after injury or degenerative neurological diseases.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1996

Personality can be understood in terms of cognitive and informational modulation. Augmenting and reducing evoked potential (AREP) has been known as the one of method to test this cognitive characteristic. Especially, many studies have been performed on the relationship between AREP and the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) and the Eysenck Personality Questinnaire (EPQ), which are well known as the psychological tests of personality. Generally sensation seekers tend to be augmenters and low sensation seekers tend to the rend to be reducers of EP. However, there are some reports that EP reducers are more extraverted on the EPQ and more sensation-seeking on the SSS than EP augmenters. These results may imply regulatory function of brain can be different depending on brain areas. According to the result of author's studies it can be assumed that frontocentral area works consistently with personality trend whereas right posterior temporal area performs inhibitory regulation against personality trend.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2011

Cognitive models of panic disorder have emphasized cognitive distortions' roles in the maintenance and treatment of panic disorder (PD). However, the patient's difficulty with identifying and managing emotional experiences might contribute to an enduring vulnerability to panic attacks. Numerous researchers, employing emotion processing paradigms and neuroimaging techniques, have investigated the empirical evidence for poor emotion processing in PD. For years, researchers considered that abnormal emotion processing in PD might reflect a dysfunction of the frontal-temporal-limbic circuits. Although neuropsychological studies have not provided consistent results regarding this model, a few studies have tried to find the biological basis of dysfunctional emotion processing in PD. In this article, we examine the possibility of dysregulation of emotion processing in PD. Specifically we discuss the neural basis of emotion processing and the manner in which such neurocognitive impairments may help clarify PD's core symptoms.

• Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Vascular dementia is the most common neuropsychiatric syndrome and is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction. Vascular dementia is associated with various environmental, genetic, and lifestyle risk factors. Recent research has focused on the association between vascular dementia and dietary patterns, suggesting that dietary regulation leads to better control of energy metabolism, improvements in brain insulin resistance, and the suppression of neuroinflammation. Intermittent fasting is a calorie-restriction method known to be more effective in promoting fat loss and regulating the impairment of glucose metabolism as compared with other dietary restriction regimens. Herein, the authors review the effects of intermittent fasting with regard to vascular dementia based on recent evidence and propose that intermittent fasting could be a therapeutic approach for ameliorating vascular dementia pathology and preventing its onset.