• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2017

Objectives:This study was designed to report treatment by Sasang Constitutional Medicine to the patients with Major Neurocognitive Disorder(Dementia) from various causes. Methods:These two patients were diagnosed as Taeeumin and Soyangin according to the result of Sasang constitutional diagnosis, and treated by Sasang constitutional medications. The progress was evaluated with the Korean version of Mini-Mentel State Exam(KMMSE) and Global Disorientation Scale(GDS). Result:The symptoms like wandering, insomnia, cognitive disorder was improved in these patients. Also, KMMSE and GDS score were highly improved. the one patient was cured with Cheongsimyeonja-tang and and the other was cured with Jihwangbaekho-tang and Yanggyuksanhwa-tang. Conclusion:This cases show that Sasang constitutional herbal medications are an effective treatment for the patients with Major Neurocognitive Disorder.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2006

Object : Since autonomic nerve system dysfunction was known as the mechanism of panic disorder, many researchers used heart rate variability (HRV) as means of measuring autonomic nerve function of patients with panic disorder. We aimed to examine the effect of paroxetine medication for 3 months on symptom improvement and change of heart rate variability of the patients with panic disorder. Methods : The subjects were patients with panic disorder who visited the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Samsung Medical Center in Seoul. We included panic disorder patients who were aged from 20 to 50 and in normal BMI range (from 18 to 30) to minimize the effect of age and weight on HRV data. We excluded the patients with EKG abnormalities, hypertension or other major psychiatric disorders. They took 20-40 mg paroxetine medication a day for 3 months. Alprazolam was used only during the first month to control the acute panic symptoms and was tapered off after that. We measured the acute panic inventory (API), Hamilton rating scale for anxiety and depression (HAM-A & HAM-D), Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAIS, STAIT), and Beck depression inventory (BDI) in order to assess clinical improvement of the patients. And we measured time and frequency domain HRV in the resting, standing and cognitive stress states to assess the change of HRV. All measurements were done before and after paroxetine treatment. Result : After paroxetine medication, patients showed significant improvement in all psychiatric scales. In time domain of HRV, standard deviations of all R-R intervals (SDNN) were significantly increased in all states. In frequency domain of HRV, the ratio of high frequency to total power (HF/TP) in the standing state was significantly increased. Conclusion : After 3 months paroxetine medication, panic disorder patients showed significant clinical improvement and change in HRV data such as SDNN in all states and HF/TP ratio in the standing state. This result suggests that paroxetine medication is effective for the improvement of autonomic nerve system dysfunction in panic disorder patients.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the strategies used to cope with stress and the cognitive characteristics of somatic symptom perception in patients with panic disorder. Methods : A total of 101 patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder and 60 normal controls were recruited for participation in this study. We evaluated the subjects using The Way of Stress Coping Questionnaire (SCQ), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire (SIQ), and the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS). We analyzed the data using an independent t-test and Pearson correlation analysis (p<0.05). Results : The patients who used emotionally focused coping strategies scored significantly lower on the SCQ. The patients with panic disorder showed greater amplification of body sensations in the SSAS, a significantly higher score on the physical interpretation subset of the SIQ, and a lower score on the environmental interpretation subset of the SIQ than the normal controls. The PDSS scores were positively correlated with the SSAS score and physical interpretation score on the SIQ. Conclusion : These results show that patients with panic disorder have poor emotionally focused strategies for coping with stress, greater amplification of body sensations, and a tendency towards a physical interpretation of somatic symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2008

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness and problems in other higher cognitive processes such as executive function deficits. Currently, there are many treatment modalities, of which pharmacotherapy is the most strongly supported by scientific and clinical evidence. Stimulants, which are first choice in the pharmacological treatment of ADHD, block dopamine reuptake by binding the dopamine transporter and so increasing the concentration of dopamine in synaptic clefts. Stimulants are effective in improving core ADHD symptoms, as well as the nonspecific symptoms, such as aggressiveness and oppositional behavior. Frequently reported short-term adverse effects are decreased appetite, sleep disturbance, headache, dizziness and irritability. Although questions have been raised about the long-term side effects of stimulants, including growth suppression, cardiovascular events, and abuse potential, there is no clear evidence to support these concerns.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 1999

Sleep disorders are relatively common occurrence after traumatic brain injury. Sleep disturbances often resulted in difficulties in sleep onset and sleep maintenance, nonrestorative after sleep, poor daytime performances and poor individual sense of wellbeing. Unfortunately, there has been minimal attention paid to this common and disabling sequela of brain injury. Better undertanding about problem, pathophysiology and treatment of sleep disorder after traumatic brain injury will improve the cognitive function, social adjustment and rehabilitation for injured patients. Also it may be helpful to reduce traumatic brain injury in patients with sleep apnea.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.127-133
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose that college counselors be more knowledgable of adult ADHD symptoms and develop better understandings of subtypes of the disorder. The findings in this study show that college students with different subtypes of ADHD symptoms experience different types of psychological maladjustment as well as different levels of psychological distress. Specifically, combined-type trait group show the highest levels of each of subscale of SCL-90-R among the other groups (i.e., normal, predominant inattentive subtype, hyperactive-impulsive type). Furthermore, combined typed trait group show significantly higher levels of animosity and paranoid ideation than the others. Therefore, college counselors need to provide effective interventions addressing intense emotion and cognitive distortion among college students with ADHD combined symptoms.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Mindfulness has been widely researched in mental, physical health, and healthy populations. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions have also been demonstrated in research studies. This report reviews the research on mindfulness based interventions currently employed for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mindfulness-based theories postulate that symptoms of PTSD are developed and maintained by experiential avoidance and non-mindful behaviors. Recent emerging work indicates that mindfulness based interventions, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, may improve the symptoms of PTSD. Further advances are needed to gain a better understanding of the ability of mindfulness based interventions to target specific symptom dimensions of PTSD and the psychological/neurobiological mechanisms of actions underlying these interventions.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

The prevention of cognitive decline and dementia is an increasingly important global public health priority due to an increase in the percentage of the elderly population. Dementia, a severe cognitive disorder, not only negatively impacts the patients' quality of life but also creates a substantial burden for caregivers. This review introduced recent advances regarding the protective effects of dairy product intake against dementia and cognitive decline. Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that specific components of dairy products including bioactive peptides, colostrinin, proline-rich polypeptides, α-lactalbumin, vitamin B₁₂, calcium, and probiotics might promote healthy brain function during aging. Additionally, oleamide and dehydroergosterol in Camembert cheese have been suggested as agents capable of reducing microglial inflammatory responses and neurotoxicity. The intake of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory compounds in meals is safe and easy, hence nutritional approaches, including dairy product consumption, serve as a promising intervention for the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2011

Objective : Depressive symptoms often coexist with other anxiety disorder symptoms. Furthermore, an anxiety disorder that is comorbid with a depressive disorder results in more severe symptoms and a poorer outcome prognosis. To understand the construct of depressive symptoms in anxiety disorder, this study investigated the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory among outpatients with anxiety disorders. Methods : All data were from psychiatric department outpatients at a university-affiliated hospital. We conducted a principal component analysis using data from 194 outpatients with DSM-IV anxiety disorders and calculated goodness-of-fit-indices. Results : Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four factor structure--Cognitive-affective symptoms (Factor 1), Somatic symptoms (Factor 2), Self-reproach (Factor 3), and Hypochondriasis/indecisiveness (Factor 4)--and a 57% total variance. This four-factor model demonstrated an acceptable level of model fit, and it fit better than did a three-factor solution from the literature on depressive disorder. Conclusion : This study's results suggest a difference in the construct of self-reported depressive symptoms in anxiety disorders. These findings also support a dimensional approach to studying anxiety and depression. Further studies may benefit from including comorbid depressive disorder and its influence on anxiety disorders.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2016

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common causes of dementia. It can exhibit a variety of clinical symptoms including cognitive decline, cognitive fluctuation, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, REM sleep behavior disorder, hypersensitivity to neuroleptics and autonomic dysfunctions. Despite more well-known criteria for DLB, there are often misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. It gives a lot of clinical burden to the clinician as well as to patients and families. When reducing the misdiagnosis, the burden of all will be reduced. The special concern and solicitation are needed in order not to miss the diagnosis when the cardinal features of DLB may not be volunteered by patients and the caregivers. To control the symptoms, clinicians must find and reduce drugs that can have the negative effects on DLB symptoms. There is limited evidence about specific interventions but available data suggest cholinesterase inhibitors improve the cognitive and behavioral symptoms and menmantine slightly improves the global impression.