• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.253-254
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• 1997

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2002

The effects of Coehlodinium polykrikoides on the gill of red sea bream, Pagrus major, were examined to clarify the ichthyotoxic mechanisms of this plankton species. The gill of fish exposed to dense blooms over 3,000 cells/mL for 24 h showed severe epithelial separation: a severe edema was found in the secondary lamellar epithelium and interlamellar regions of primary filament. In addition, lipid peroxidation of gill tissue in Coehlodinium-exposed fish was about 2.5 times higher than that of control. The composition of glycoproteins in the gill mucus of Coehlodinium-exposed fish was also changed. These results suggest that the loss of structural integrity of cell membranes in fish gill may be deeply involved in fish death by C. polykrikoides.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.273-288
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• 2017

An investigation focusing on the unrecorded and taxonomically undescribed indigenous has been done since 2006. Samples were collected from various sites in the coastal and offshore waters of Korea as well as around Jeju Island. Since 2008, 16 unrecorded species belonging to the family Gymnodiniaceae have been found. The species were as follows: Amphidinium thermaeum (2015), Cochlodinium convolutum (2015), C. strangulatum (2015), Gymnodinium abbreviatum (valid name: G. gracile), G. arenicola (2015), G. gracile (2015), G. dorsalisulcum (2015), G. microreticulatum (2014), G. micrum (2016) (valid name: Karlodinium micrum), G. pyrenoidosum (2016), G. simplex (2015), G. veneficum (2016) (valid name: Karlodinium veneficum), Gyrodinium aureum (2015), G. fusiforme (2015), G. dominans (2014), and Nusuttodinium latum (2016) (valid name: Amphidinium latum). (The numbers in parentheses refer to the year that the species was found). These species were newly recorded in Korean waters in this study.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.122-127
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• 2007

Photosensitized extracts of 28 seaweed species were tested in vitro to examine the variation in their algicidal activities against the toxic microalga Cochlodinium polykrikoides. When both seaweed extracts and microalgae were exposed to UV and visible light, methanol extracts of Porphyra yezoensis showed 5.7- and 4.4-fold increasesin light-dependent algicidal activity, respectively. When only seaweed extracts were exposed to both UV (365 nm) and visible light (white lamp) at the same time, methanol extracts of Enteromorpha linza and Carpopeltis affinis showed 3.3- and 3.4-fold increases in algicidal activity, respectively. When UV-photosensitized extracts were left in the dark, the algicidal activity of Ecklonia cava increased 13-fold after 5 h. When visible light-photosensitized extracts were left in the dark, the algicidal activity of Monostroma nitidum increased by 3.3-fold in 1 h.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2000

To elucidate the ichthyotoxic mechanisms of a harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, biochemical and hematological responses of fish exposed to blooms were investigated. Particularly, based on our finding that oxidative damages of gill were associated with fish mortality, dysfunction of ion-transporting enzymes and secretion of gill mucus of fish exposed to this bloom species were examined. (omitted)

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2000

We have investigated lectin binding patterns in order to apply binding records of previous laboratory experiments to field settings before the first ourbreaks of harmful algal bloom (HAB). Although cells were grown under different conditions, the binding patterns were the same as in the control. In addition, culture days was not associated with the binding patterns, when compared with the control. In nature, this results suggest that ECA, HPA and WGA lectin are able to discriminate between C. polykrikoides and G. impudicum, as well as ECA and SBA have a capability as a tool for differentiating between C. polyrikoides and G. catenatum, although these species are closely similar under the light microscope fiexed with Lugol solution.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 2003

The initiation of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooming in the South Sea of Korea occurs in the sea near Naro-Do in late August. In this paper, the relationships of this annual occurrence with the environmental conditions are presented. In early summer, the winds in the sea near Naro-Do are southwesterly and the upwelling occurs in the near-shore area. The favorable winds to the upwelling are relaxed in August and the downwelling favorable northeasterly winds set in around late August. The change of wind direction causes the onshore transport of warm-and-fresh off-shore water into the sea near Naro-Do and a front between near-shore water and off·shore water is formed. Along the front, downwelling occurs and the environmental conditions for the diatom become unfavorable. When the typhoon and storm bring well-mixed East China Sea water into the sea near Naro-Do in September, the conditions for the dinoflagellates become unfavorable and blooming of C. polykrikoides disappears.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.206-207
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• 2001

Cochlodinium polykrikoides is one of the most harmful red tide dinoflagellates and is highly toxic to fish. Red tides due to this dinoflagellate have been reported in Korea, Japan, and other countries, and frequently cause severe damage to fish farming. Recently study has suggested that C. polykrikoides generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion ($O_{2-}$) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), and the ROS-mediated ichthyotoxicity has been proposed. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.204-205
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• 2001

Manful algae, Cochlodinium polykrikoides has damaged to fisheries organisms by making massive blooms mainly in the South Sea during the higher water temperature season since 1995 in Korea. Ecological and hydrodynamic studies of the species offer useful information in understanding its bloom mechanism giving promising data for the modeling and prediction of the blooms. (omitted)

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.745-750
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• 2007

Large scale of loess has been applied on the south - sea shore of the Korean peninsula to treat red tides, due to many fishery's devastation by red tides every year. However, coastal ecosystem is ruined by the huge amount of loess applied every year. Almost all creatures, living under water such as sea weeds, clams, and fishes, where loess was applied, are disappearing. In this paper, alternative methods of the loess application are investigated. The amount of loess could be reduced by the alternative methods, Especially, loess mixed with calcium oxide has excellent effects to reduce Cochlodinium polykrikoides numbers. It was found that when loess is used with calcium oxide(CaO), removal efficiency of red tides is highly increased. Moreover, the amount of loess could be reduced dramatically.