• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제33회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.86-94
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• 2006

This paper investigates the effects of acoustic forcing on NOx emissions and mixing process in the near field region of turbulent hydrogen nonpremixed flames. The resonance frequency was selected to force the coaxial air jet acoustically, because the resonance frequency is effective to amplify the forcing amplitude and reduce NOx emissions. When the resonance frequency is acoustically excited, a streamwise vortex is formed in the mixing layer between the coaxial air jet and coflowing air. As the vortex develops downstream, it entrains both ambient air and combustion products into the coaxial air jet to mix well. In addition, the strong vortex pulls the flame surface toward the coaxial air jet, causing intense chemical reaction. Acoustic excitation also causes velocity fluctuations of coaxial air jet as well as fuel jet but, the maximum value of centerline fuel velocity fluctuation occurs at the different phases of $\Phi$=$180^{\circ}$ for nonreacting case and $\Phi$=$0^{\circ}$ for reacting case. Since acoustic excitation enhances the mixing rate of fuel and air, the line of the stoichiometric mixture fraction becomes narrow. Finally, acoustic forcing at the resonance frequency reduces the normalized flame length by 15 % and EINOx by 25 %, compared to the flame without acoustic excitation.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1329-1334
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• 2004

The most compact and convenient pulse tube cryocooler for practical applications is the coaxial type. It can replace Stirling cryocooler without any change to the Dewar or the connection to the cooled devices. The experimental results of the coaxial inertance tube pulse tube cryocooler for cooling superconductor RF filter are presented in this paper. To find optimal conditions of inertance tube pulse tube cryocooler, no load temperature according to the variations of inertance tube volume, reservoir volume are measured, and the cool down characteristics at the particular conditions are presented. In case of the coaxial type inertance tube pulse tube refrigerator, cool down time is the lowest in the inertance tube diameter of 1.3 mm and inertance tube length of 1900 mm and lowest temperature is 112K. This results are not satisfactory for practical applications. So, We propose vacuum insulation between regenerator and pulse tube in the Stirling type coaxial pulse tube cryocooler. Stirling type coaxial pulse tube cryocooler with the vacuum insulation between regenerator and pulse tube was designed and manufactured by KIMM(Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials). The optimal conditions will be tested for Stirling type coaxial pulse tube cryocooler with the vacuum insulation between regenerator and pulse tube.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

As parts are becoming more complex and smaller with the development of new materials, high-quality laser precision processing is getting the limelight. Laser enables quick processing and less deformation of materials. It also enables welding with diverse materials. In this study, the pole rod and tap for the secondary battery were laser-welded using cross and coaxial nozzles. The results of the comparative analysis of cross and coaxial nozzles according to the processing parameters showed that the coaxial nozzle had more sensitive welding characteristic to the nozzle position or pressure than the cross nozzle. This indicated that the processing parameters should be carefully determined for the welding with the coaxial nozzle. The pole rod and tap were welded together in a form of T joint to improve the output of the secondary battery, and the cross nozzle had a better welding characteristic than the coaxial nozzle.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

Regarding the aircrafts with a rotor blade system, the miniaturization of them is limited due to the rotor blade length and the tail rotor system. To miniaturize an aircraft, an equipment is required that increases thrust and also shortens the length of the rotor blade. The present study will conduct the flow analysis for miniaturizing the aircraft by applying a duct to the coaxial rotor blade system without tail rotor. First, the verification on the calculated results was conducted through the computational flow analysis on the coaxial rotor blade system without a duct. Then, the flow analysis for the coaxial rotor blade systems was performed including Ka-60 duct, Single duct, Twin duct, and Double duct, respectively. From the numerical results, the thrust coefficient appeared higher with the duct than without a duct for the coaxial rotor blade system. Especially, in the case of Double duct, the thrust was improved due to the increase of incoming flow and the extension of the wake area. These results will be used as the basic concepts for miniaturizing the aircraft with the rotor blade system. The flow analysis on the coaxial rotor blade system including the fuselage remains as a future work.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제32회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.105-110
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• 2006

Many previous works have been performed to provide correlations of flame length, theoretically and experimentally. Most of these results studied were conducted in vertical turbulent flame with no coaxial air condition. The present study analyzes the flame length scaling with coaxial air. In turbulent hydrogen non-premixed jet flames with coaxial air, flame length scaling theoretically proposed so far has been related with the concept of a far-field equivalent source. At high coaxial air to fuel velocity ratio, $U_A/U_F$, however, this scaling theory has some difference with experimental flame length data. This difference is understood to be due to the fact that the theory is based on far-field notion, while the effect of coaxial air on jet flame occurs in the region near the nozzle exit. Therefore, we define effective jet density $P_{eff}$ involving the concept of near-field so that effective jet diameter can be extended to the near-field region. In this condition, we modify the correlation and compare with experimental data.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.614-623
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• 2015

When the speed of a coaxial rotor helicopter in forward flight increases, the wake skew angle of the rotor increases and consequently the position of the vena contracta of the upper rotor with respect to the lower rotor changes. Considering ambient air and the effect of the upper rotor, this study proposes a nonuniform inflow model for the lower rotor of a coaxial rotor helicopter in forward flight. The total required power of the coaxial rotor system was compared against Dingeldein's experimental data, and the results of the proposed model were well matched. A plant model was also developed from first principles for flight simulation, unknown parameter estimation and control analysis. The coaxial rotor helicopter used for this study was manufactured for surveillance and reconnaissance and does not have any stabilizer bar. Therefore, a feedback controller was included during flight test and parameter estimation to overcome unstable situations. Predicted responses of parameter estimation and validation show good agreement with experimental data. Therefore, the methodology described in this paper can be used to develop numerical plant model, study non-uniform inflow model, conduct performance analysis and parameter estimation of coaxial rotor as well as other rotorcrafts in forward flight.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1275-1284
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• 2018

The coaxial magnetic gear with the flux concentrating structure is known that it has the torque performance advantage over the coaxial magnetic gear having surface mounted permanent magnet, thanks to the flux focusing effect. But, if the solid cores are used in the modulating pieces and rotor cores to consider the mechanical reliability and cost reduction, the operating torque of the flux concentrating coaxial magnetic gear can be significantly diminished because the iron losses at the solid cores affect the actual transmitted torque. Furthermore, the modulating pieces and rotor cores have different characteristics of the iron losses from one another, because the space harmonic components of the magnetic flux density, which cause the iron losses, are different. Thus, in this paper, we focused on the analysis of the characteristics of the space harmonic components of the magnetic flux density and resultant eddy current losses in the surface mounted PM and flux concentrating coaxial magnetic gears, when these coaxial magnetic gears have the solid cores at the modulating pieces and rotor cores. The characteristics of pull-out torque (static torque), operating torque (dynamic torque), and efficiency are also researched, and compared by the 3D finite element analysis (FEA) and experiment.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.173-176
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• 1998

The surface wave launcher from the dielectric coated coaxial cable to dielectric slab is investigated. FDTD method using local subcell and contour-path model is applied to determine the fine geometrical features. The reflection coefficient in coaxial cable region is found using extract algorithm. In this paper, two structures are presented as coaxial slot surface wave launcher. One structure has a vertical launching angle, and the other has an arbitrary launching angle. The numerical results show that a certain launching angle is minimized the reflection coefficient.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2014

목 적 : Spine SBRT 치료 시 보편적인 치료방법인 콜리메이터 각도 $30^{\circ}$와 $330^{\circ}$를 각각 사용한 2회전 치료계획 (이하 Universal MLC VMAT)과 MLC 운동 방향과 척수 또는 마미 (이하 OAR)의 장축을 일치시킨 콜리메이터 각도 $273^{\circ}$와 $350^{\circ}$를 사용한 2회전 치료계획 (이하 Coaxial MLC VMAT) 유용성을 비교, 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에서 Varian TBX을 이용하여, Coaxial MLC VMAT 치료 계획으로 치료 받은 spine SBRT환자 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 전산화치료계획은 Eclipse (ver 10.0.42, Varian, USA), PRO3 (Progressive Resolution Optimizer 10.0.28), AAA (Anisotropic Analytic Algorithm Ver 10.0.28) 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 치료계획은 VMAT로 겐트리 회전반경이 각각 $360^{\circ}$인 두 개의 ARC, 10MV FFF (Flattening Filter Free)를 이용하여 수립하였고, 각 ARC는 콜리메이터 각도 $273^{\circ}$, $350^{\circ}$로 설정하였다. 기존 치료계획을 바탕으로 실험군인 Universal MLC VMAT 치료계획을 수립하였다. 콜리메이터 각도를 제외한 모든 조건은 동일하게 설정하였으며, 특히 최적화 (VMAT optimization) 과정에서 무작위하게 나타나는 선량차이를 최소화하기 위해 각각 2회의 최적화, 선량 계산 과정을 거쳤다. 계산 grid 는 0.2 cm, normalization은 타겟 $V_{100%}=90%$로 설정하였다. OAR의 선량 $V_{10Gy}$, $D_{0.03cc}$, Dmean, 타겟의 H.I (Homogeneity index) 그리고 각 치료 계획의 Total MU를 평가 지표로 설정하였고, Mapcheck2 (Sun Nuclear Co., USA) 와 Mapphan (Sun Nuclear Co., USA) 그리고 SNC patient (Sun Nuclear Co., USA Ver 6.1.2.18513) 를 이용하여 Coaxial MLC VMAT 계획의 임상 적용 가능 여부 확인을 위한 IMRT verification QA (gamma test)를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 두 치료계획을 비교한 결과 OAR의 $V_{10Gy}$차이는 최대 4.1%, 최소 0.4%, 평균 1.9%로, $D_{0.03cc}$ 는 최대 83.5 cGy, 최소 2.2 cGy, 평균 33.3 cGy로 Coaxial MLC VMAT plan 이 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Dmean 또한 최대 34.8 cGy, 최소 -13.0 cGy, 평균 9.6 cGy로 Coaxial MLC VMAT plan 이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. H.I. 는 최대 0.04, 최소 0.01로 Coaxial MLC VMAT plan 이 평균 0.02 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, Total MU의 평균값을 비교한 결과 Coaxial MLC VMAT plan 이 평균 74.1 MU 더 낮게 나타났다. Coaxial MLC VMAT plan에 대한 IMRT verification gamma test 결과는 1 mm / 2%, pass rate 90.0% 기준을 모두 통과하였다. 결 론 : Coaxial MLC VMAT 치료계획은 Universal MLC VMAT 치료계획에 비해 대부분의 평가지표에서 유리한 것으로 나타냈으며 특히 OAR의 선량 $V_{10Gy}$을 낮추는데 있어 탁월한 것으로 사료된다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 두 치료 계획을 비교해 볼 때, 같은 MU를 사용한다면 Coaxial MLC VMAT 치료계획이 Universal MLC VMAT 치료계획에 비해 효율적이라 사료된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.709-717
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• 2009

Heat transfer rate is a very important factor for the performance of a steam reformer because a steam reforming reaction is an endothermic reaction. Coaxial cylindrical reactor is the reactor design which can improve the heat transfer rate. Temperature, fuel conversion and heat flux in the coaxial cylindrical steam reformer are studied in this paper using numerical method under various operating conditions. Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and pseudo-homogeneous model are incorporated for the catalytic surface reaction. Dominant chemical reactions are assumed as a Steam Reforming (SR) reaction, a Water-Gas Shift (WGS) reaction, and a Direct Steam Reforming (DSR) reaction. Although coaxial cylindrical steam reformer uses 33% less amount of catalyst than cylindrical steam reformer, its fuel conversion is increased 10 % more and its temperature is also high as about 30 degree. There is no heat transfer limitation near the inlet area at coaxial-type reactor. However, pressure drop of the coaxial cylindrical reactor is 10 times higher than that of cylindrical reactor. Operating parameters of coaxial cylindrical steam reformer are the wall temperature, the inlet temperature, and the Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV). When the wall temperature is high, the temperature and the fuel conversion are increased due to the high heat transfer rate. The fuel conversion rate is increased with the high inlet temperature. However, temperature drop clearly occurs near the inlet area since an endothermic reaction is active due to the high inlet temperature. When GHSV is increased, the fuel conversion is decreased because of the heat transfer limitation and short residence time.