• 청정기술
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

전기화학적 이산화탄소 환원 기술은 전기에너지를 이용하여 대표적인 온실가스인 이산화탄소를 유용한 기초 화학제품으로 전환시킬 수 있는 유망한 기술 중 하나다. 특히, 다양한 후보 제품 중 일산화탄소는 높은 Faraday 효율과 우수한 경제성을 나타내기 때문에 학계와 산업계의 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 과거 여러 연구진이 본 기술의 온실가스 저감 잠재량을 정량적으로 분석했으나, 분석 과정에서 도입된 과정과 사용된 인벤토리 데이터의 일관성 및 투명성에 문제가 제기된다. 본 연구에서는 전기화학적 이산화탄소 환원을 통한 일산화탄소 생산 공정의 온실가스 저감 잠재량 분석을 위한 전과정평가를 수행했다. 세 종류의 시스템 경계를 정의 후 각각의 지구온난화지수를 화석연료 기반 일산화탄소 생산 공정과 비교했다. 분석 결과, 전기화학적 일산화탄소 생산 기술을 도입하여 온실가스를 저감하기 위해서는 전해조 구동에 필요한 전기에너지의 배출계수가 현재 국내 발전부문의 배출계수보다 충분히 낮아야 한다는 점을 확인했다. 또한, 신뢰성 있는 온실가스 저감 잠재량 분석을 위해서는 기존의 화석연료 기반 일산화탄소 생산 공정의 인벤토리 정보를 투명하게 공개하는 것이 중요함을 밝혔다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.246-251
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• 2006

In this paper, we introduce an implementation method of the CBS (Cycle Base Simulator), which describes the operation of a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) at a pipeline cycle level. The CBS is coded with C++, and is verified by comparing the results from the CBS and HDL simulation of the DSP with the various test vectors and application programs. The CBS shows the data about the internal registers, status flags, data bus, address bus, input and output pin of the DSP, and also the control signals at each pipeline cycle. The developed CBS can be used in evaluating the performance of the target DSP before the RTL(Register Transfer Level) coding as well as a reference for the RTL level design.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2010

Increasing atmospheric $CO_2$ affects the soil carbon cycle by influencing microbial activity and the carbon pool. In this study, the effects of elevated $CO_2$ on extracellular enzyme activities (EEA; ${\beta}$-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, aminopeptidase) in salt marsh sediment vegetated with Suaeda japonica were assessed under ambient atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration (380 ppm) or elevated $CO_2$ concentration (760 ppm) conditions. Additionally, the community structure of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was analyzed via terminal restriction fragments length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Sediment with S. japonica samples were collected from the Hwangsando intertidal flat in May 2005, and placed in small pots (diameter 6 cm, height 10 cm). The pots were incubated for 60 days in a growth chamber under two different $CO_2$ concentration conditions. Sediment samples for all measurements were subdivided into two parts: surface (0-2 cm) and rhizome (4-6 cm) soils. No significant differences were detected in EEA with different $CO_2$ treatments in the surface and rhizome soils. However, the ratio of ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity to N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in rhizome soil was significantly lower (P < 0.01) at 760 ppm $CO_2$ than at 380 ppm $CO_2$, thereby suggesting that the contribution of fungi to the decomposition of soil organic matter might in some cases prove larger than that of bacteria. Community structures of SRB were separated according to different $CO_2$ treatments, suggesting that elevated $CO_2$ may affect the carbon and sulfur cycle in salt marshes.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2022

Injection molding is a cyclic process comprising of cooling phase as the largest part of this cycle. Providing efficient cooling in lesser cycle times is of significant importance in the molding industry. Recently, lots of researches have been done for rapid cooling of a hot-spot area using CO2 in injection molding. The CO2 flows under high pressure through small, flexible capillary tubes to the point of use, where it expands to create a snow and gas mixture at a temperature of -79℃. The gaseous CO2 removes heat from the mold and releases it into the atmosphere. In this paper, a CO2 cooling module was applied to an injection mold in order to cool a large area cavity uniformly and quickly, and the cooling performance of the injection mold was investigated. The product was a high-curvature molded part with a molding area of 300x100mm. Heat cartridges were installed in a stationary mold, and CO2 cooling module was inserted inside a movable mold. Through structural analysis, it was confirmed that the maximum deformation of mold with CO2 cooling module was 0.09mm. A CO2 feed system with a heat exchanger was used for cooling experiments. The CO2 was injected into the holes on both sides of the supply pipe of the cooling module and discharged through hexagon blocks to cool the mold. It took 5.8 seconds to cool the mold from an average temperature of 140℃ to 70℃. Through the experiment using CO2 cooling module, it was found that a cooling rate of up to 12.98℃/s and an average of 10.18℃/s could be achieved.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2016

NOx and PM are important air pollutants as vehicle management policy aspect. Medium-duty truck is the main source of the pollutants although the vehicle market share is only 3.5%. National emission portion of NOx and PM form the mobile sourece are 14% and 16% respectively. In this study it was investigated that characteristics of air pollutants emission on medium duty truck equipped with EGR and SCR system. Vehicle's test reflected driving cycle on the chassis dynamometer, and applied test cycle was WHVC(World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle) mode. The test cycle include three segments, represent urban, rural and motorway driving. Based on the test results NOx, PM, HC were less emitted form SCR vehicle than EGR vehicle. And CO was less emitted form EGR vehicle than SCR vehicle due to CO oxidation reaction on DPF surface. And most air pollutants reduced as average vehicle speed increased. Pollutants were less emitted on motorway section than urban and rural sections. But highly NOx emission on motorway section was verified according to increased EGR ratio on fast vehicle speed. HC and CO additional emission was identified as 68%, 58% respectively during SCR vehicle's cold engine start emission test. NOx additional emission was detected by 24% on SCR vehicle's condition of engine cold start while not detected on vehicle equipped with EGR. SCR vehicle's additional NOx emission was derived from low reaction temperature during engine cold start condition. medium-duty truck emission characteristics were investigated in this study and expected to used to improve air pollutants management policy of medium-duty truck equipped with SCR & EGR.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.497-497
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• 2007

활성탄소를 양쪽 전극에 사용하는 전기이중층 커패시터는 고출력 특성과 반영구적인 cycle 수명인 장점을 가지고 있는 반면, 단위 중랑 또는 부피 당 용량이 작아 메모리 백업용 보조전원으로서의 활용에 그치고 있다. 이를 보완하기 위하여 최근에는 앙쪽의 전극에 충방전 메카니즘을 달리하는 비대칭 전극 설계기술을 기반으로 하는 하이브리드 커패시터가 개발되었고, 에너지밀도로서는 유기계 전해액에서 약 15-20 Wh/kg를 가지는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구메서는 양극의 활성탄소에 비용량이 상대적으로 큰 LiCo02 분말을 혼합한 하이브리드 전극의 제조 및 전기화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 이때 $LiCoO_2$ 분말의 혼합 종량비의 영향에 의한 전극 부피 당 용량(mAh/cc)의 변화와 $LiCoO_2$ 분말의 입자 크기에 의한 하이브리드 전극의 출력 특성을 조사하였다. $LiCoO_2$ 분말은 불밀을 이용하여 입자크기를 조절하였고, 각각의 입자크기를 가지는 LiCoO2 분말을 활성탄소와 함께 혼합하여 혼합 활물질 : Carbon black : PTFE의 중량비가 90 : 5 : 5가 되도록 sheet 전극을 제조하였다. 제조한 전극을 양극에, Li foil을 음극에, 전해액을 LiPF6 in EC DMC를 사용하여 코인셀을 제조하고 전기화학적 특성은 MACCOR 충방전기를, AC 저항은 AC impedance를 각각 사용하여 평가하였다. 활성탄소에 $LiCoO_2$ 분말의 첨가 중량비가 증가할수록 전극 부피 당 용량은 증가하였으나, 원료 상태의 $LiCoO_2$ 분말의 첨가에서는 코인셀의 전극 저항은 첨가 중량에 따라 단순 증가하였다. 그러나 미세 $LiCoO_2$ 분말을 첨가할 경우, 20%의 첨가에서 전극 저항은 활성탄소 만을 사용한 전극과 동등한 전극저항을 나타내고 충방전 cycle 특성도 개선되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.619-627
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• 2012

In order to determine reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) when the submerged membrane bioreactor with granular sulfur (MBR-GS) is used in wastewater treatment plant (WTP), the amount of GHGs was compared and analyzed in the advanced treatment process of P wastewater treatment plant (WTP). The amount of GHGs was estimated by classifying as construction and operation phase in WTP. The amount of GHGs in construction phase was evaluated from multiplying raw materials by using carbon emission factors. Also the amount of GHGs in operating phase was calculated by using total electricity consumption and carbon emission factor. The construction of anoxic tank and secondary settling tank is unnecessary, because the MBR-GS conducts simultaneously the nitrification and denitrification in aeration tank and filtration by hollow fiber membrane. The amount of $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2O$ emitted by constructing the MBR-GS was 6.44E+06 kg, 8.16E+03 kg and 1.38E+01 kg, respectively. The result shows that the GHGs was reduced about 47 % as compared with the construction in the MLE process. In operating the MBR-GS, the electricity is not required in the biological reactor and secondary setting tank. Thus, the amount of $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2O$ emitted by operating in the MBR-GS was 7.39E+05 kg/yr, 5.80E+02 kg/yr and 2.44E+00 kg/yr, respectively. The result shows that the GHGs were reduced about 37 % as compared with the operation in the MLE process. Also, $LCCO_2$(Life Cycle $CO_2$) was compared and analyzed between MLE process and MBR-GS. The amount of $LCCO_2 $emitted from the MLE process and MBR-GS was 3.56E+04 ton $CO_2$ and 2.12E+04 ton $CO_2$, respectively. The result shows that the GHGs in MBR-GS were reduced to about 40 % as compared in the MLE process during life cycle. As a result, sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification process (SADP) is expected to be utilized as the cost-effective advanced treatment process, owing to not only high nitrogen removal efficiency but also the GHGs reduction in construction and operation stage.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.384-386
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• 2007

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2011

• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국세라믹학회 2003년도 추계총회 및 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.121.2-121
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• 2003