• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.444-448
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• 2002

A $CaCO_3$-alginate beads system was developed for high cell density cultivation of Bifidobacterium longum and the cost-effective media were also screened. In batch process with $CaCO_3$, beads, two strains of B. longum showed both the highest viable cells and optical density in TPY medium, resulting in maximum optical density and viable cell counts of 12.40, $2.22{\times}10^10$ cfu/ml for B. longum ATCC 15707 and 13.71, $3.93{\times}10^10$ cfu/ml for B. longum HLC 3742. Released size distribution, according to $CaCO_3$-alginate bead size preparation, was smaller than others. These results were also examined by observing their morphology. The skim milk-based medium was most adequate to cultivate B. longum as the cheapest medium, and $10\%$ skim milk supplemented with $2\%$ glucose and $1\%$ yeast extract was a suitable medium, supporting the growth to $5.57{\times}10^10$ cfu/ml for ATCC 15707 and $6.82{\times}10^9$ cfu/ml for HLC 3742. During the long-term storage at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;-20{\circ}C$, B. longum cultivated with $CaCO_3$ beads had the highest stability. Consequently, $CaCO_3$-alginate beads buffer was found to be useful not only to cultivate B. longum but also to preserve cultures.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.164-167
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• 2012

The effects of aeration through lid filters on the hyphal growth of Lentinula edodes (oak mushroom) in sawdust cultivation bags were investigated. The aeration treatment levels were traditional 27 mm hole cotton plugs, cotton balls and combinations of seven hole sizes ${\times}$ two hole positions (up and under) in the lids covering plastic bags containing 1.4 kg sawdust medium at 63% moisture that had been autoclaved for one hour and inoculated with sawdust spawn of L. edodes strain 921. Aeration treatment effects were measured based on the $CO_2$ concentration at the 15th wk, as well as the hyphal growth rate and degree of weight loss of bags every 14 days for 15 wk. In bags with traditional cotton plugs, the $CO_2$ concentration was $3.8{\pm}1.3%$, daily mean hyphal growth was $2.3{\pm}0.6mm$ and daily mean weight loss was $0.84{\pm}0.26g$. In the bags with 15 mm diameter holes, the $CO_2$ concentration was $6.0{\pm}1.6%$, daily hyphal growth was $2.8{\pm}0.2mm$ and daily weight loss was $0.86{\pm}0.4g$. The bags with 15 mm holes had a higher $CO_2$ concentration and lower water loss than bags with other hole sizes, but the hyphal growth was not significantly different from that of other bags. The weight loss of bags increased proportionally relative to the lid hole sizes. Taken together, these results indicate that traditional cotton plugs are economically efficient, but 15 mm hole lids are the most efficient at maintaining hyphal growth and controlling water loss while allowing $CO_2$ emissions.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2018

This study was carried out to separately assess the production of post-culture, germinating, growing, and resting stages of Lentinula edodes grown in a smart cultivation facility based on ICT technology. The cultivation environment of the greenhouse facility was controlled to remain at different set points throughout a range of high ambient temperatures. Production of Sanjo-701-ho, which is a typical summer cultivar, and the new cultivar Sanjo-701-ho were tested in this ICT-based smart cultivation system. Sanjo-701-ho produced 353.7 g/bag of mushrooms from June to October, while Sanjo-701-ho produced 270.4 g/bag. These production amounts were stable over the high-temperature range of $20-35^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

The biological carbon dioxide fixation using microalgae and photo-bioreactor has been known as an effective carbon dioxide reduction technology. As algae has many other environmental factor for its growth, the desirable cultivation factors were investigated using a green alga, Euglena gracilis Z. In this study, Euglena gracilis Z showed good $CO_2$ fixation ability in high $CO_2$ concentration of 10-20% and it contained the high protein and vitamin E enough to be used as fodder. For the mass cultivation, the continuous and semi-continuous cultivation methods were employed. The optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the continuous cultivation was 4 days at carbon dioxide concentration of 10%. In this condition, the final cell number was $3.57{\times}10^6/m{\ell}$. The growth of Euglena gracilis Z increased according to the light intensity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.126-132
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• 1997

Calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) immobilized with alginate was studied as buffer system to enhance the cultivation efficiency of Bifidobacterium longum (ATCC 15707) which is inhibited at low pH. To test the bufferring effect of the immobilized $CaCO_3$ beads, pH value in each modified trypticase-proteose peptone-yeast (TPY) broth which is adjusted to pH 4.0 with acetic acid, lactic acid and complex solution of acetic and lactic acid, 3:2 (M:M) was tested by concentration of $CaCO_3$ bead and reaction time. The bufferring effect of $CaCO_3$ bead became higher with increasing the amount of $CaCO_3$ bead in the acidic solution. The growth rate of bifidobacteria and bufferring effect were examined in relation to the amount of $CaCO_3$ bead and concentration of glucose in the modified TPY media. The growth rate of bifidobacteria and bufferring effect were increased with increasing the amount of $CaCO_3$ bead and concentration of glucose. Also, the exponential time of bifidobacteria became longer with increasing the amount of $CaCO_3$ bead and concentration of glucose in the modified TPY media. When we observed the growth rate of bifidobacteria by the method of pH-controlled culture and $CaCO_3$ buffer system, the $CaCO_3$ buffer system was more effective than that of pH-controlled culture. Therefore, this $CaCO_3$ buffer system may be useful as a method to enhance of the cultivation efficiency of bifidobacteria.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate effect of $CaCO_3$ treatment on cultivation of oyster mushroom for suppression of green mold disease and for promotion of mycelial growth to stabilize mushroom production in field and laboratory experiment. Treatment of $CaCO_3$ in PDA media promoted mycelial growth of mushroom and suppressed that of green mold. Addition of $CaCO_3$ in rice straw substrate increased mushroom mycelial growth compared with control. In that case, growth of green mold increased up to treated 0.6% $CaCO_3$ but decreased in treatment beyond 0.8% $CaCO_3$. There were some differences on effect of $CaCO_3$ treatment according to green mold species. Trichoderma longibrachiatum was effected but T. virens was not effected by treated $CaCO_3$. Differences among mushroom strains by treated $CaCO_3$ were not shown. It is confirmed that treatment of $CaCO_3$ can promote mushroom mycelial growth but it's not clear in the field. In the result of field test, treatment of $CaCO_3$ in rice straw substrates tended to increase yield and decrease incidence of disease compared with non-treatment. These results suggest that $CaCO_3$ treatment on cultivation of oyster mushroom can be applied to take preventive steps against of green mold disease.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.129-135
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out to commercialize an irrigation control system by finding out problems and solving them in application of a nutrient supply system through this experiment. Its efficiency had been tested through hydroponic cultivation of tomato and cucumber using this system in the farmer's plastic house (1-2W, 20a : Yanggyo-ri, Oseong-myeon Gyeonggi-do) from November. 2006, too. In the first cultivation, tomato seeds (cultivar Coco, Takii Seed Co. Japan) were sowed on November 8, 2006, and transplanted on January 8, 2007. and then, in the second, cucumber (Chuichong, Nongwoo Seed Co.) were cultivated in the same plastic house (sowing date : June 27, transplanting date : July 13). In the third, another cucumber cultivar (Jo-woon, Dongbu-hannong Seed Co.) were cultivated (sowing date : September 5, transplanting date : September 23). All of seedlings were transplanted on perlite bag ($W340{\times}L1,200{\times}H150mm$, 40L). By using this system, 971 boxes (5 kg/box) of tomato were produced and sold, and then total income was 5,466 thousand won per 10a. On the second cultivation, total amount of cucumber production was 489 boxes (50 ea/box), and total income was 7,380 thousand won. On the third cultivation, total amount of production was 67 boxes (100 ea/box), and total income was 1,854 thousand won. On the other hand, this system saved irrigated water by 50% ($4,000{\rightarrow}2,000L/10a/day$) in tomato cultivation, and by 44%($4,500{\rightarrow}2,500L/10a/day$) in cucumber cultivation. It also saved cost of nutrients by 50% in tomato ($1,648{\rightarrow}824thousand\;won/10a$), and 44% in cucumber ($1,648{\rightarrow}725thousand\;won/10a$). Furthermore this irrigation system maintained moisture content in perlite bag stable during cultivation period. Therefore, this system was successfully applied on farmer's greenhouse without a problem and can be commercialized for farmers.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2007

A protocol for the production of transgenic Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was established via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of direct somatic embryos. A number of conditions related to the co-cultivation were tested with respect to maximizing transformation efficiency. The results showed that pH of the co-cultivation medium (5.7), the bacterial growth phase (optical density; $OD_{600}$ = 0.8), co-cultivation period (3 days), and acetosyringone concentration $(100\;{\mu}M)$ had positive effects on transformation. Selected plantlets were cultured on the medium at an elevated hygromycin level(30 mg/l). Integration of the transgenes into the P. ginseng nuclear genome was confirmed by PCR analysis using hpt primers and by Southern hybridization using hpt-specific probe. The transgenic plantlets were obtained after 3-month cultivation and did not show any detectable variation in morphology or growth characteristics compared to wild-type plants.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.108-118
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• 2018

Recently, agricultural sector apply ICT technology such as Smart Farm to pursue innovation in the changing situation that is emerging as the fourth industrial revolution. However, this innovation requires techniques for forecasting and analyzing in various data bases and spatial information provides such infrastructure data. In this study, the cultivation area of Chinese cabbage, radish, garlic, onion, and red pepper were calculated and analyzed by year. The purpose of this analysis is to cope with sudden changes in vegetable crops and changes in cultivated area caused by weather changes to supply and demand of major vegetables and price instability. As a result of this study, spatial information based on time series information of vegetable complex will be used as efficient agricultural environment observation data, as well as interpretation of various spatial ranges such as the estimation of cultivation area using remote sensing.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.722-727
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• 2010

This study was conducted to estimate the carbon footprint and to establish the database of the LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) for barely cultivation system. Barley production system was separated into the naked barley, the hulled barley and the two-rowed barley according to type of barley species. Based on collecting the data for operating LCI, it was shown that input of fertilizer was the highest value of 9.52E-01 kg $kg^{-1}$ for two-rowed braley. For LCI analysis focussed on the greenhouse gas (GHG), it was observed that carbon footprint were 1.25E+00 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ naked braley, 1.09E+00 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ hulled braley and 1.71E+00 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ two-rowed barley; especially two-rowed barley cultivation system had highest emission value as 1.09E+00 kg $CO_2$ $kg^{-1}$ barley. It might be due to emit from mainly fertilizer production for barley cultivation. Also $N_2O$ was emitted at 7.55E-04 kg $N_2O\;kg^{-1}$ barley as highest value from hulled barley cultivation system because of high N fertilizer input. The result of life cycle impcat assessment (LCIA), it was observed that most of carbon emission from barely cultivation system was mainly attributed to fertilizer production and cropping unit. Characterization value of GWP was 1.25E+00 (naked barley), 1.09E+00 (hulled barley) and 1.71E+00 (two-rowed barely) kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$, respectively.