• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.283-290
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• 2015

In this study was selected the cellulolytic microorganism and investigated optimum condition of cellulase production for the cellulosic bioethanol production. A bacterial strain Paenibacillus jamilae BRC15-1, was isolated from soil of domestic reclaimed land. For optimizing cellulase production from the selected strain, various culture parameters were investigated such as culture medium, pH (pH 4~10), temperature ($25{\sim}50^{\circ}C$) and culture time (2~72 h). As a result, P. jamilae BRC15-1 efficiently produced cellulase from cellulosic biomass under following conditions: 24 h of culture time (pH 7, $40^{\circ}C$) in manufactured media of CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) with peptone. Optimum saccharifying condition of crude enzyme produced from P. jamilae BRC15-1 was identified on pH 6 and $40^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, respectively. This crude enzyme from P. jamilae BRC15-1 was used for saccharification of pretreated sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. dulciusculum Ohwi) bagasse under the optimal condition. Finally, pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse including 0.1 g of glucan was saccharified by crude enzyme of P. jamilae BRC15-1 into 2.75 mg glucose, 0.79 mg xylose and 1.12 mg arabinose.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.75-96
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• 2011

Recently, Dennis et al.(2008) proposed media synchronicity theory. In this theory, for conveyance communication processes, use of media supporting lower synchronicity should result in better communication performance. But for convergence processes, use of media supporting higher synchronicity should result in better communication performance. This paper proved a part of the propositions of media synchronicity theory, because media synchronicity theory was proposed theoretically, not empirically. We used a data set generated from the survey. The respondents of survey were 163 students who had experienced the communication media in the classes that should summit result of team projects or team reports. According to the results of data analysis, higher use of communication media led to better learning performance. The familiarity of task moderated the effect of communication media on learning performance. And use of media supporting higher synchronicity led to better learning performance.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.353-375
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• 2011

Export control was first triggered by international export control system at US led COCOM in 1949. Numerous international efforts such as NPT in 1969, ZC in 1970, NSG in 1978, AG in 1985, MTCR in 1987, Wassenaar Arrangement(WA) establishment in 1995 with 1990's the fall of the Berlin Wall, have been made since. The concept of export control has been changed from weaponry and parts export control to preventing or blocking weaponry, respective goods and relevant technology from the hand of troubled regions and non-state actors as terrorist groups; and the new concept is described as Nonproliferation Control. Extent of control items is not only limited to conventional weaponry, but also includes weapons of mass destruction(WMD) and even dual use items which can be used for production, development, usage or storage. Control items include all items defined by NSG, MTCR, AG, WA, and CMC-Opec. The 9.11 terror had a strong influence on international society. Effort to prevent WMD proliferation has now become the most important issue for international security. This study aims to suggest improvement points for nonproliferation law and its effective implementation, based on problem and limitation identification along with analysis of nonproliferation law and implementation examples by type. Furthermore for the purpose of national and global security, export control system on strategic items which are considered to be a key issue in South and North Korea relationship needs to be effectively managed. Recently, North Korea's missile and nuclear tests have been criticized globally; and the global society including respective countries as China and South Korea is striving to urge export control in line with the UN resolution.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 2004

The culture condition and medium composition for the enhanced mycelial growth of Inonotus mikadoi IMSNU 32058 were investigated. The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were $27^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.5, respectively. Among the complex media tested, the malt extract medium and Phellinus igniarius medium were very good for mycelial growth of I. mikadoi. When Czapek-Dox medium was used as a minimal medium for cultivation of mycelia, xylose, raffinose and carboxymethyl cellulose were very excellent as a carbon and energy source. With respect to carbohydrate, sucrose and glucose were very good carbon sources. In general, organic complex nitrogen sources were better than other inorganic ones. As the organic complex nitrogen sources tested, yeast extract, soytone, proteose peptone and bacto peptone were the best as a source of organic nitrogen. When ammonium sulfate as an inorganic source of nitrogen was used, the enhanced mycelial growth was shown. p-Aminobenzoic acid was proved to be most appropriate source of vitamin. After the mycelia of I. mikadoi was cultivated at $27^{\circ}C$ for 5 days in MEM broth (pH 4.5), the activities of both exomycelial and endo-mycelial enzymes were determined. Among endomycelial enzymes assayed, the specific activity of laccase was much higher than those of other enzymes. When the fungus was grown in MEM broth, exomycelial specific enzyme activity of laccase was comparatively high. However, little or no enzyme activities of protease, chitinase and lipase were found.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2008

In order to develop the multi-functional rhizobacteria that can exert positive effect on the growth of plants growing in the coastal sand dune located along East Coast of Korea, rhizospheral bacteria of 11 different plants from this area were isolated 1,330 rhizobacteria. Among these, 23 strains were able to produce auxin and had spectrum of antagonism toward various phytopathogenic microbes. To know the mechanism of this antifungal activity, these 23 strains were subjected to further analyses; 19 strains of these produced siderophore as determined by color reaction on CAS-blue plate, 4 strains produced antifungal cellulase as judged by color change on CMC-Congo red plate, 17 strains were able to utilized insoluble phosphate salts, also determined by clear zone formation on PVK medium. Identification of the strain was assigned to all 23 strains by l6s rDNA sequence analysed, and all were identified to be in the genus of Bacillus and Pseudomonas. One strain of these, denoted Pseudomonas fluorescens IB4-14, showed ACC deaminase activity which is known to be involved in the resistance of environmental stress such as salt and drought. Also, P. fluorescens IB4-l4 showed the germination stimulation and roots growth promoting activity on the in vivo assay of Lysimachia mauritiana Lam. (spoonleaf yellow loosestrife).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.765-776
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to a) examine IC (intellectual capital) circumstance of CFMC (contract foodservice management company), b) identify the correlation between IC of CFMC, c) analyze the cause and effect of IC in the viewpoint of contractor, client, and customer. The questionnaires of IC measurement were handed out to 108 CfHCs, there composing of main office employees, foodservice managers, customers, and clients of 207 school, 38 hospital, and 86 business/industry foodservices. The statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS Win (ver 12.0) for descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, simple linear regression analysis. First, CFMCs had operational experience for an average of 8 years and 8 months, and served an average of 38,540 meals a day. Most of the respondent companies operated 'food supply/distribution($50\%$)', 'catering ($46.7\%$)', and restaurant business ($43.3\%$)' except for institutional foodservice and managed an average of 66 clients for the contract period of 2 years and 3 months. Second, there was positive correlation between $\ulcorner$sales of foodservice$\lrcorner$ and 'market ability', $\ulcorner$client satisfaction$\lrcorner$ and necessary intellectual capital for managing branch/chain foodservice office, and $\ulcorner$customer satisfaction$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$renewal and development$\lrcorner$, 'market ability', 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation', 'employee satisfaction', respectively. Finally, the result of the cause and effect analysis on CFMCs, clients, and customers was positively influenced by 'client satisfaction' with 'customer satisfaction', 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation' and 'customer satisfaction' with 'employee satisfaction', and 'infrastructure support for foodservice operation'. In conclusion, if CFMCs were to perform a routine checkups by utilizing CFMC's IC measuring tool, improvements in CFMC operational capacities as well as foodservice quality can be noted. Additionally, CFMCS can satisfy their client-customer relationship by employing internal marketing thechniques for employee, a more efficient infrastructure support system, and construc tive infrastructure utilization. Therefore, CFMCs can show significant improvement in their sales and foodservice quali-ty though continuous maintenance of the client and customer satisfaction.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.32
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• pp.147-168
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• 2006

This study attempts to evaluate the Korean terrestrial television networks‘ internet site effectiveness, specifically in addressing user motivations and user evaluations and in gauging the broadcasters' feedback. The result shows that the primary motive for using a broadcaster's internet homepage was to obtain information. Overall, the users tended to be dissatisfied with the services, especially with regards to its navigational structure and design and with the insufficient number of appropriate content items. The reason cited highest for dissatisfaction was the fee-based services. Among the three networks, Seoul Broadcasting System, the sole commercial network, received the most complaints from the respondents in this respect. The study results reveal that broadcasters' feedback systems to users were deemed responsive and timely, but a true interactivity between the broadcasters and the viewers was lacking. In conclusion, network televisions' internet sites and increased content access through them have provided a platform for increased communication with their viewers, however, these sites are not yet being fully utilized as effective interactive communication feedback channels but more as a unidirectional information source. In addition, the network television services seem to be lacking in providing users with efficient navigational structure, good design, or adequate content level and quality. Thus, to better serve the public, it is recommended that they improve internet homepage usability by assessing and applying qualitative researches regarding the users.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.537-542
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• 1999

Removal of sulfur compounds in the petroleum products is essential for the prevention of sulfur oxides. However, conventional methods involving catalytic reactions are found to have some limitations in complete removal of harmful sulfur compounds and to require relatively high cost. Recently, desulfurization process using microorganisms is known to be promising in terms of excellent sulfur removal efficiency and reasonably low treatment cost. For the biodesulfurization process to be effective, the solubilization of sulfur compounds into aqueous solution is a prerequisite. In this study, polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants were used in order to enhance the solubilization of sulfur spectrophotometer. The solubilization of sulfur compounds was found to increase with temperature and to bo abruptly increased at above 1 wt % surfactant solutions. It was also observed that the longer the hydrophobic chain of the surfactant molecule, the higher solubilizing power of a nonionic surfactant. It was found that the Tergitol series surfactants showed higher solubilizing capacity than Neodol series presumably due to the disruption of the regular packing in the hydrocarbon region of the surfactant aggregates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.648-652
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• 2002

Removing shup from oyster by aeration method and coating with edible coating materials were investigated to improve oyster quality for the retort processing. Aeration rate and pore size of nozzle were critical factors to remove shup by aeration method. Optimum aeration rate and nozzle size were 45 L/min and 0.4 mm, respectively, when aeration was peformed two times and each operation maintained for 1 minute. Sodium alginate (SA) was used for oyster as the basal coating material. However, SA affected mouth-feel when it was applied at high concentrations. Sub-coating materials including skim milk, waxy corn starch, Purity CSC, white corn starch and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in decreasing order showed a positive effect on improving coatability and mouth-feel. Therefore, it is suggested that 1.5% SA and 0.9% skim milk should be the optimum composition of coating materials for oyster. Browning and syneresis of the porridge containing the coated oyster were considerably inhibited as compared with the sample without the coated oyster.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

Context-aware computing aims to enable the on-line applications and services to be executed in a timely and automated manner. Many of such applications and services involve group-level interactions. For more smoothing communication within a community, specific group-level issues such as group dynamics must be considered. To do so, obtaining group-level contexts such as the role, conflict resolution and norms, are key ingredients to improve group performance. Since group context is not the same as a simple summation of individual context, as group is not just a simple set of individuals, awaring individual context is not sufficient for group-level communication support. However, context-aware computing research still has stressed more on individual context. This leads us to the motivation of searching for group context aware method. Hence, the of this paper is to propose a novel methodology which automatically recognizes group context. Especially, we focus on group conhesiveness in this paper just because group cohosiveness is one of the important variables to control the performance of group interaction. To verify the applicability of the proposed method, an empirical test has been conducted to compare the performance of the proposed methodology with that of conventional methods.