• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.699-705
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic characteristic and to establish the parentage verification system of the Korean native horse(KNH). A total number of 192 horses from six horse breeds including the KNH were genotyped using 17 microsatellite loci. This method consisted of multiplexing PCR procedure. The number of alleles per locus varied from 5 to 10 with a mean value of 7.35 in KNH. The expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were ranged from 0.387 to 0.841(mean 0.702) and from 0.429 to 0.905(mean 0.703), respectively. The total exclusion probability of 17 microsatellite loci was 0.9999. Of the 17 markers, AHT4, AHT5, CA425, HMS2, HMS3, HTG10, LEX3 and VHL20 marker have relatively high PIC value(>0.7). This study found that there were specific alleles, P allele at AHT5, Q allele and R allele at ASB23, H allele at CA425, S allele at HMS3, J allele at HTG10 and J allele at LEX3 marker in KNH when compared with other horse populations. Also, the results showed two distinct clusters: the Korean native horse cluster(Korean native horse, Mongolian horse), and the European cluster(Jeju racing horse, Thoroughbred horse). These results present basic information for detecting the genetic markers of the KNH, and has high potential for parentage verification and individual identification of the KNH.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.813-818
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• 2020

The archaeal clusters of orthologous genes (arCOG) algorithm, which identifies common genes among archaebacterial genomes, was used to identify conservative genes among 168 archaebacterial strains. The numbers of conserved orthologs were 14, 10, 9, and 8 arCOGs in 168, 167, 166, and 165 strains, respectively. Among 41 conserved arCOGs, 13 were related to function J (translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis), and 10 were related to function L (replication, recombination, and repair). Among the 14 conserved arCOGs in all 168 strains, 6 arCOGs of tRNA synthetase comprised the highest proportion. Of the remaining 8 arCOGs, 2 are involved in reactions with ribosomes, 2 for tRNA synthesis, 2 for DNA replication, and 2 for transcription. These results showed the importance of protein expression in archaea. For the classes or orders having 3 or more members, genomic analysis was performed by averaging the distance values of the conservative arCOGs. Classes Archaeoglobi and Thermoplasmata of the phylum Euryarchaeota showed the lowest and the highest average of distance value, respectively. This study can provides data necessary for basic scientific research and the development of antibacterial agents and tumor control.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2016

This study was conducted to set up ecological database for effective forest management and conservation of KNU Research Forest in Mt. Myeonbong with the characteristic analysis of stand structures. Following the results of clustering analysis, they were classified under 6 communities (Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora, Pinus densiflora, Carpinus cordata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Acer pseudosieboldianum-Acer pictum subsp. Mono, Quercus mongolica-Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica). Importance value tests were estimated that on ridge; Pinus densiflora, valley; Carpinus cordata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Acer pseudosieboldianum-Acer pictum subsp. Mono were recorded dominant species. Carpinus cordata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Acer pseudosieboldianum-Acer pictum subsp. Mono community, north aspect and valley were investigated high species richness value. It was showed decreasing tendency as altitude and degree of slope were high. Results of NMS, upper & middle layers and shrub & herbal layers were influenced by species richness and the case of species association.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.556-565
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• 2010

Community analysis based on functional feeding groups of benthic macro invertebrates at Wangpi-cheon was assessed with the result of four field survey from October, 2007 to May, 2008. A total 138 species of benthic macro invertebrates in 58 families, 16 orders, 6 classes, and 4 phyla were collected during the field surveys. The result of EPT index value showed high value of 61.59% and it means that the stream ecosystem of Wangpi-cheon is very clear and healthy. In this study the functional feeding groups in Wangpi-cheon were divided into two groups. First, Scrapers and Collectors-Gathering group which is normally dominant in midstream showed higher dominance in main stream than tributary. Second, shredders group showed higher dominance in tributary than main stream like as the general characteristics of upriver. With the result of cluster analysis based on the similarity index, the study areas could be grouped into a natural area(A group) and an artificial disturbance area(B group; site 8 and 11) where embankment, bank and levee had been built near by. And also, the natural area(A group) was classified into two groups which had the characteristic of main(site 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7) stream and tributary(site 5, 6, 9 and 10) respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 2002

Extracted genomic DNA from 16 accessions of Codonopsis lanceolata collected from South Korea and the Baekdoo Mt. areas of China were analyzed for their genetic relationships by RAPD. Twenty 10-mer-oligonucleotide primers having reproductive polymorphism were selected for the RAPD analysis. The size of amplified DNA was almost between 125 bp and 2.0 kbp. Sixteen collected Codonopsis lanceolata were analyzed with 20 primers which generated 73(49.3%) polymorphic bands among 148 PCR products. The mean number of polymorphic bands were 7.4 and varied $1{\sim}9$ per primer. It was, thus, demonstrated that RAPD was useful for detecting polymorphism in Codonopsis lanceolata. The range of 1-F value(genetic similarity) was from 0.682 to 0.959. These results indicate variable genetic similarities. By UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method using an Arithmetic average) cluster analysis based on 1-F value, genetic distance among the 16 collected Codonopsis lanceolata was $0.133{\sim}0.400$. It was certainly classified into two groups between collected accessions from Korea and China, and the genetic distance was about 0.281. Both accessions collected from Korea and China showed miner differences, while the genetic relationships of Tonghua Xian and Liuhe Xian from China was farthest with other accessions collected.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.212-220
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• 2005

One hundred eleven glutinous rice collections from seven countries were evaluated for genetic diversity based on agronomic traits and RAPD analysis. Twelve agronomic traits including yield components amy-lose content, alkali digest value were used to clarify the genetic relationships among glutinous rice collections. Glutinous rice collections were classified into 4 groups and early maturings Korean landraces and high amylose indica belonged to group I with RAPD analysis, 15 primers selected for polymorphic bands generated 117 bands and 81 bands $(69.2\%)$ showed polymorphism. The number of amplified bands per primer ranged from 5 to 11, with the average number of bands of 7.8. With the similarity value of 0.78 in dendrogram derived from the cluster analysis based on RAPDs, glutinous rice collections were classified into 9 groups. Seventy-seven percent of the collections were classified into group I that is the largest one, while the others $(23\%)$ were distributed to group Il-IX. Group I included most indica type rices and early ripening collections, while the small groups of III-IX included most of the Korean collections.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.252-263
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• 2008

This study was conducted to derive the optimal regionalization of the precipitation data which can be classified on the basis of climatologically and geographically homogeneous regions all over the regions except Cheju and Ulreung islands in Korea. A total of 65 rain gauges were used to regional analysis of precipitation. Annual maximum series for the consecutive durations of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72hr were used for various statistical analyses. K-means clustering mettled is used to identify homogeneous regions all over the regions. Five homogeneous regions for the precipitation were classified by the K-means clustering. Using the L-moment ratios and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the underlying regional probability distribution was identified to be the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution among applied distributions. The regional and at-site parameters of the generalized extreme value distribution were estimated by the linear combination of the probability weighted moments, L-moment. The regional and at-site analysis for the design rainfall were tested by Monte Carlo simulation. Relative root-mean-square error (RRMSE), relative bias (RBIAS) and relative reduction (RR) in RRMSE were computed and compared with those resulting from at-site Monte Carlo simulation. All show that the regional analysis procedure can substantially reduce the RRMSE, RBIAS and RR in RRMSE in the prediction of design rainfall. Consequently, optimal design rainfalls following the regions and consecutive durations were derived by the regional frequency analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1053-1061
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• 2004

Of the 20 arbitrarily chosen primers, six oligonucleotides decamer primers were used on the basis of the number of the polymorphisms generated in catfish (Silurus asotus) from Yesan and bullhead (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) from Dangjin in Korea. Six primers were used generating a total of 602 scorable bands in catfish and 195 in bullhead population, respectively, ranging in size of DNA fragments from less than approximately 100 to larger than 2,000 base pairs (bp). Six primers yielded 199 polymorphic fragments (33.1%) in catfish and 47 (24%) in bullhead, respectively. In the present study, a total of 328 common fragments (an average of 54.7 per primer) were observed in catfish population, whereas 84 (an average of 14.0 per primer) in bullhead. The total number of specific fragments in catfish and bullhead population were 76 and 64, respectively. In catfish population, random decamer, OPA-17 (GACCGCTTGT) generated the highest number of fragments (a total of 141) in comparison with other primers used, with an average of 11.8. The common bands in the molecular weight of 300 bp generated by random primer OPA-06 (GGTCCCTGAC) were present in every individuals in bullhead population. The major polymorphic bands in the molecular weight of 100 bp generated by OPA-17 were identified in lane 14, 15, 17, 18, 19 20 and 21, which were identifying species in bullhead population. The average bandsharing values (BS values) of all of the samples within catfish population ranged from 0.575 to 0.945, whereas 0.063-1.000 within bullhead population. The bandsharing value (index of similarity between individuals) between individual No. 5 and No. 9 showed the highest level within catfish population, whereas the bandsharing value between individual No. 1 and No. 2 showed the lowest level. The single linkage cluster analysis resulted from four primers, indicating four genetic groupings composed of group 1 (C1-C10, all of the catfish samples), group 2 (B11, B12, B13, B14, B16, B17, B18, B19), group 3 (B15) and group 4 (B20 and B21). The dendrogram reveals close relationships between individual identities within two species populations and individuals derived from the same ancestor, respectively. However, genetic distances between two species populations ranged from 0.124 to 0.333. The shortest genetic distance (0.042) displaying significant molecular differences was between individual No. 6 and No. 9 catfish population. The shortest genetic distance (0.033) displaying significant molecular differences also was between individual No. 18 and No. 19 in bullhead population. Reversely, the genetic distance of individual No. 20/21 among individuals in bullhead population was highest (0.333). This result showed that bullhead No. 20 and 21 were distinct from other individuals within bullhead population.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2018

In this paper, we present a robust beamforming design to tackle the weighted sum-rate maximization (WSRM) problem in a multicell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) - non-orthogonal multipleaccess (NOMA) downlink system for 5G wireless communications. This work consider the imperfectchannel state information (CSI) at the base station (BS) by adding uncertainties to channel estimation matrices as the worst-case model i.e., singular value uncertainty model (SVUM). With this observation, the WSRM problem is formulated subject to the transmit power constraints at the BS. The objective problem is known as on-deterministic polynomial (NP) problem which is difficult to solve. We propose an robust beam forming design which establishes on majorization minimization (MM) technique to find the optimal transmit beam forming matrix, as well as efficiently solve the objective problem. In addition, we also propose a joint user clustering and power allocation (JUCPA) algorithm in which the best user pair is selected as a cluster to attain a higher sum-rate. Extensive numerical results are provided to show that the proposed robust beamforming design together with the proposed JUCPA algorithm significantly increases the performance in term of sum-rate as compared with the existing NOMA schemes and the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.145-151
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• 2014

The study examines the feasibility of hosting the International Wood Industry EXPO as a part of the effort to establish Wood Industry Cluster in Jeollanam-do. The provisional EXPO period suggested by the study is 30 days between July 23 (Saturday) and August 21 (Sunday) 2016 and the proposed venues are Namdo International Education Center, Woodland, and Woodcraft Center, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, and so on. According to the study, it is calculated that the expected investment cost amounts to around 4.5 billion won and the number of total potential visitors reaches 1,627,478. The study also predicts that the EXPO generates various economic effects and outputs that can be quantified as following; a production inducement effect equivalent of 344.5 billion won, an income inducement effect of 77 billion won, an employment inducement effect corresponding to 3,899 jobs, a value-added inducement effect equivalent of 143 billion won, and an indirect tax inductive effect of 32 billion won. Then, emphasizing the need for the organizing committee that can play an important role in managing the overall EXPO events, the study, based on the figures, concludes that the International Wood Industry EXPO 2016 is to be promoted at the regional and national level.