• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.455-460
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine geographic clustering of breast cancer incidence in Kanagawa Prefecture, using cancer registry data. The study also aimed at examining the association between socio-economic factors and any identified cluster. Materials and Methods: Incidence data were collected for women who were first diagnosed with breast cancer during the period from January to December 2006 in Kanagawa. The data consisted of 2,326 incidence cases extracted from the total of 34,323 Kanagawa Cancer Registration data issued in 2011. To adjust for differences in age distribution, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of breast cancer were calculated for each of 56 municipalities (e.g., city, special ward, town, and village) in Kanagawa by an indirect method using Kanagawa female population data. Spatial scan statistics were used to detect any area of elevated risk as a cluster for breast cancer deaths and/or incidences. The Student t-test was performed to examine differences in socio-economic variables, viz, persons per household, total fertility rate, age at first marriage for women, and marriage rate, between cluster and other regions. Results: There was a statistically significant cluster of breast cancer incidence (p=0.001) composed of 11 municipalities in southeastern area of Kanagawa Prefecture, whose SIR was 35 percent higher than that of the remainder of Kanagawa Prefecture. In this cluster, average value of age at first-marriage for women was significantly higher than in the rest of Kanagawa (p=0.017). No statistically significant clusters of breast cancer deaths were detected (p=0.53). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant cluster of high breast cancer incidence in southeastern area of Kanagawa Prefecture. It was suggested that the cluster region was related to the tendency to marry later. This study methodology will be helpful in the analysis of geographical disparities in cancer deaths and incidence.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.26-41
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• 2004

This study aims to compare and analyze somatotype characteristics in clothing ergonomics as well as Sasang (Oriental physical constitution type classification into 4 kinds: taeyang, taeeum, soyang, soeum) medicine. The subjects were women collegians in their 20s. As a result, a new approach was made in somatotype classification. The following are conclusions: 1. The results of body measurement of the subjects belonged to 1 in most items when they were compared with the average records of female adults in their 20s in the national standard physique report. Thus, the subjects belonged to the average somatotype. 2. According to Sasang physical constitution classification, no subjects belonged to taeyang-type. Taeeum type (28.4%), had lower-body development greatest height and even development in width, thickness and girth. Soeum-type(37.8%) had the smallest physique. Soyang-type(33.8%) showed small values in height but great values in width, thickness and girth. 3. The factor analysis revealed 5 factors of somatotype characteristics: lower body factors including body weight, upper body factors, height factors including stature, belly width factors including waist and belly, and other factors comprising ankle and head size. 4. A cluster analysis by way of factor scores resulted in 3 types: cluster 1 44.6%, biggest values, largest somatotypes; cluster 2 17.6%, average somatotypes; cluster 3 tiniest somatotypes in most items. 5. In the crosstabs analysis, taeeum-type (57.6%) appeared a lot in cluster 1, soyang-type (76.9%) appeared most in cluster 2, and soeum-type (69.9%) was mostly seen in cluster 3. To sum up, the somatotype analysis of clothing ergonomics had something to do with constitution classification suggested in Sasang medicine. For clear justification, more systematic and scientific research should be followed with even more diverse subjects in sex and age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2022

Social interest in the fine particulate matter has increased significantly since the 2010s, and various efforts have been made to reduce it through environmental plans and policies. To support such environmental planning, in this study, spatial cluster characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations were analyzed in the metropolitan area to identify high-risk areas spatially, and the correlation with local environmental characteristics was also confirmed. The PM2.5 concentration for the recent 5 years (2016-2020) was targeted, and representative spatial statistical methods Getis-Ord Gi^* and Local Moran's I were applied. As a result of the analysis, the cluster form was different in Getis-Ord Gi^* and Local Moran's I, but they show high similarity in direction, therefore complementary results could be obtained. In the high concentration period, the hotspot concentration of the Getis-Ord Gi* method increased, but in Local Moran's I, the HH region, the high concentration cluster, showed a decreasing trend. Hotspots of the Getis-Ord Gi^* technique were prominent in the Pyeongtaek-Hwaseong and Yeoju-Icheon regions, and the HH cluster of Local Moran's I was located in the southwest, and the LL cluster was located in the northeast. As in the case of the metropolitan area, in the results of Seoul, there was a phenomenon of division between the northeast and southwest regions. The PM2.5 concentration showed a high correlation with the elevation, vegetation greenness and the industrial area ratio. During the high concentration period, the relation with vegetation greenness increased, and the elevation and industrial area ratio increased in the case of the annual average. This suggests that the function of vegetation can be maximized at a high concentration period, and the influence of topography and industrial areas is large on average. This characteristic was also confirmed in the basic statistics for each major cluster. The spatial clustering characteristics of PM2.5 can be considered in the national land and environmental plan at the metropolitan level. In particular, it will be effective to utilize the clustering characteristics based on the annual average concentration, which contributes to domestic emissions.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.105-111
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• 2009

The study aims to propose the intelligent clustering technique that calculates the distance by improving the problems of multi-hop clustering technique for inter-vehicular secure communications. After calculating the distance between vehicles with no connection for rapid transit and clustering it, the connection between nodes is created through a set distance vale. Header is selected by the distance value between nodes that become the identical members, and the information within a group is transmitted to the member nodes. After selecting the header, when the header is separated due to its mobility, the urgent situation may occur. At this time, the information transfer is prepared to select the new cluster header and transmit it through using the intelligent cluster provided from node by the execution of programs included in packet. The study proposes the cluster technique of the intelligent distance estimation for the mobile Ad-hoc network that calculates the cluster with the Store-Compute-Forward method that adds computing ability to the existing Store-and-Forward routing scheme. The cluster technique of intelligent distance estimation for the mobile Ad-hoc network suggested in the study is the active and intelligent multi-hop cluster routing protocol to make secure communications.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.202-222
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• 2023

This study traces the growth and changes in the spatial distribution and characteristics of media cluster in Seoul by focusing on the co-evolution of film and TV production. To identify the spatial distribution and aggregation of film and broadcast TV production, we measure their spatial auto-correlation based on Moran's I and LISA, using the data from the Census on Establishments of the National Statistical Office. In addition, the eleven semi-structured interviews conducted with workers in the media industries, such as film crews and TV drama producers, help to clarify the complexity and dynamics of diverse factors that affect spatial distribution of media cluster. This multi-method study shows the increasing polycentricity of media cluster in the last decade. Gangnam, Mapo, Yeouido, Gangseo-Yeongdeungpo, and Seongsu have emerged as key hubs for media industries, particularly in light of changes in the transportation system and the real estate market. The finding indicates the co-evolution of film and broadcast TV production, demonstrating how the characteristics of the creative industry and metropolitan changes are intertwined with each other in shaping the geographical pattern of the media cluster.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.767-778
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• 2003

This paper presents a method for generating optimal fuzzy rules using a genetic algorithm. Fuzzy rules are generated from the training data in the first stage. In this stage, fuzzy c-Means clustering method and cluster validity are used to determine the structure and initial parameters of the fuzzy inference system. A cluster validity is used to determine the number of clusters, which can be the number of fuzzy rules. Once the structure is figured out in the first stage, parameters relating the fuzzy rules are optimized in the second stage. Weights and variance parameters are tuned using genetic algorithms. Variance parameters are also managed with left and right for asymmetrical Gaussian membership function. The method ensures convergence toward a global minimum by using genetic algorithms in weight and variance spaces.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2550-2556
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• 2012

We proposed the energy-efficient routing algorithm ALPS (Ad hoc network Localized Positioning System) algorithm that is range-free based on the distance information. The routing coordinate method of ALPS algorithm consists of hierarchical cluster routing that provides immediately relative coordinate location using RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication) information. Existing conventional DV-hop algorithm also to manage based on normalized the range free method, the proposed hierarchical cluster routing algorithm simulation results show more optimized energy consumption sustainable path routing technique to improve the network management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.574-575
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• 2018

The generation of redundant data according to the spatial-temporal correlation in a wireless sensor network that reduces the network lifetime by consuming unnecessary energy. In this paper, data collection experiment through the particulate matter sensor is carried out to confirm the spatial-temporal data redundancy and we propose permitted limit setting method for data transmission to solve this problem. In the proposed method, the data transmission permitted limit is set by using the integrated average value in the cluster. The set permitted limit reduces the redundant data of the member node and it is shows that redundant data reduction is possible even in a variable environment of collected data by resetting the permitted limit in the cluster head.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Clustering method is divided into hierarchical clustering, partitioning clustering, and more. K-Means algorithm is one of partitioning clustering and is adequate to cluster so many documents rapidly and easily. It has disadvantage that the random initial centers cause different result. So, the better choice is to place them as far away as possible from each other. We propose a new method of selecting initial centers in K-Means clustering. This method uses triangle height for initial centers of clusters. After that, the centers are distributed evenly and that result is more accurate than initial cluster centers selected random. It is time-consuming, but can reduce total clustering time by minimizing the number of allocation and recalculation. We can reduce the time spent on total clustering. Compared with the standard algorithm, average consuming time is reduced 38.4%.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.157-162
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• 2016

High resolution reconstruction technology is developed to help enhance the spatial resolution of observational images for ground-based solar telescopes, such as speckle masking. Near real-time reconstruction performance is achieved on a high performance cluster using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). However, much time is spent in reconstructing solar subimages in such a speckle reconstruction. We design and implement a novel parallel method for speckle masking reconstruction of solar subimage on a shared memory machine using the OpenMP. Real tests are performed to verify the correctness of our codes. We present the details of several parallel reconstruction steps. The parallel implementation between various modules shows a great speed increase as compared to single thread serial implementation, and a speedup of about 2.5 is achieved in one subimage reconstruction. The timing result for reconstructing one subimage with 256×256 pixels shows a clear advantage with greater number of threads. This novel parallel method can be valuable in real-time reconstruction of solar images, especially after porting to a high performance cluster.