• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.785-795
• /
• 2022

Traditional germplasms are unsuitable for mechanized production, limiting adzuki bean production. The creation of cultivars that can be harvested by mechanized means is an urgent task for breeders. The bottom pod height (BPH), lodging resistance, and synchronous maturing of adzuki beans are critical factors for the reduction of losses due to mechanized harvesting. In this study, 14 traits of 806 adzuki bean accessions were analyzed. All growth stages and the yield, lodging score, and synchronous maturing correlated negatively with the BPH. These negative correlations reflect the increased difficulty of breeding to simultaneously satisfy the needs for no lodging, high synchronous maturing rates, BPHs > 10 cm, and high yield. We screened three germplasms with no lodging, high synchronous maturing rates, and BPHs > 10 cm that were used as mechanization-adapted breeding material for crossing with high-yield cultivars. Agronomic trait diversity in adzuki beans was also examined in this study. Principal component and cluster analyses were conducted for 806 germplasms resulting in three clusters with the yield and three growth stage traits serving as the main discriminating factors. Cluster 1 included high-yield germplasms with the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod being the major discriminant factors. Cluster 2 included germplasms with long growth periods and large 100-seed weights while cluster 3 contained germplasms with high BPHs. In general, the characteristics that make mechanical harvesting feasible and those assessed in this study could be utilized to choose and enhance adzuki beans production.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.118-128
• /
• 2023

Background: Personal socio-economic abilities are crucial as it affects health inequalities. These multidimensional inequalities across the regions have been structured and fixed. This study aimed to analyze health vulnerabilities by regional cluster and identify regional health disparities of self-rated health, using nationally representative cross-sectional data. Methods: This study used personal and regional data. Data from the Community Health Survey 2021 were analyzed. K-means cluster analysis was applied to 250 si-gun-gu using administrative regional data. The clusters were based on three areas: physical environment, health-related behaviors and biological factors, and the psychosocial environment through the conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. And binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the differences in self-rated health status by the regional clusters, controlling human biology, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare organization factors. Results: The most vulnerable group was group 3, the moderate vulnerable group was group 1, and the least vulnerable group was group 2. The group 2 was more likely to have high self-rated health status than the moderate vulnerable group (odds ratio [OR], 1.023; p<0.001). And the group 3 showed low self-rated health status than the moderate vulnerable group (OR, 0.775; p<0.001). However, the moderate vulnerable group had significantly higher self-rated health status than the most vulnerable group (group 2: OR, 1.023; p<0.001; group 3: OR, 0.775; p<0.001). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that community members' health status is influenced by regional determinants of health and individual levels. And these contribute to understanding the importance of specific and differentiated interventions like locally tailored support programs considering both individual and regional health determinants.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2010

The purposes of this study are to investigate the dimensions of the sensibility towards a spatial environment perceived by the general public and to present the characteristics of various spaces through empirical analyses. A set of words are selected to describe visitors' perception of a spatial environment based on previous studies, and then they are arranged according to the degree of understanding and suitability. The results of the survey on the sensibility measurement can be summarized as follows: Factor analyses and cluster analyses are conducted on the indicators measuring the general public's perception of the exhibition hall of the Deoksugung Museum, and the following five dimensions are obtained: spatial value, spatial aesthetic, spatial affinity, spatial freshness, and spatial materials. The satisfaction level of visitors regarding the space of the exhibition hall under study is also investigated. A regression analysis is conducted to find a relationship between the satisfaction level of visitors (DV) and the five dimensions (IVs), and the analysis shows that there is a significant relationship. Among the five factors, the 'Spacial Value' and 'Spacial Affinity' are found to Significantly affect visitors' satisfaction. The results of this empirical study show that visitors' affinity towards the exhibition hall of the Deoksugung Art Museum along with the surrounding garden, as well as visitors' appreciation of the social, historical, and cultural value of Deoksugung Palace, are found to greatly affect visitors' overall satisfaction with the spatial environment of the museum.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 1999

도로교통사고의 관리는 경찰서의 주요한 업무중의 하나이다. 이를 위해 각 관할경찰서는 교통사고발생 시 사고기록을 하며 기록된 자료는 통계적 분석의 근거로 사용되게 된다. 대부분의 사고통계분석 결과는 거시적인 수준에서의 효율적인 교통관리계획과 교통안전정책을 확립하는데 적용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 각 관할경찰서가 지역적 특성에 따른 구체적인 교통사고 예방정책을 시행할 수 있도록 품질기능전개(QFD)를 적용하였다. 사고다발지점을 찾기 위해 군집분석을 사용하였으며, QFD의 입력자료로 사용하기 위하여 각 관할지역별로 다양한 형태의 도로교통사고를 위한 포아손 회귀분석을 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 지역마다 특징적으로 발생하는 다양한 형태의 도로교통사고 감소에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.1192-1196
• /
• 2004

In order to detect the molecular mechanism of heterosis in pigs, the mRNA differential display technique was performed to investigate the differences in gene expression of pig's Longissimus dorsi between the high-parent heterosis cross combination Landrace${\times}$Large White and the mid-parent heterosis cross combination Large White${\times}$Meishan. Three pig purebreds, Large White, Meishan, and Landrace and four types of reciprocal $F_1$ hybrids were analyzed using nine 3'-end anchored primers in combination with ten 5'-end arbitrary primers and nearly 7,000 reproducible bands were examined. The patterns of gene expression of each cross combination were analyzed and eight common patterns (fifteen kinds) were found. When the results from the two cross combinations were put together and compared, eight different typical expression patterns were observed, these indicated that the patterns of gene expression of these two cross combinations had obvious differences. Gene expression correlation and cluster analyses of the two cross combinations indicated that the gene expression of the mid-parent heterosis cross combination was correlated with maternal effect, but in the high-parent heterosis cross combination, paternal effect acted in the gene expression of the hybrids or the gene expression of the hybrids was biased towards one parent.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.767-777
• /
• 2012

Annular Biofilm Reactor (ABR) equipped with coupons of three different pipe materials (STS 304, PVC, PE) was used to generate drinking water biofilm samples. The level of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) during the sample generation period was $37.3{\mu}g/L$, and this level did not seem to be low enough to limit the formation of biofilm in this study. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses determined T-RF profile as early as 3 h of exposure on PVC coupons. Average surface roughness ($R_a$) measured by atomic force microscopic analyses was 125.7 nm for PVC, and this value was higher than for STS (71.6 nm) and PE (74.0 nm). However, biofilm formation was faster on STS (6 h) than on PE (12 h), which indicated that surface roughness might not be the only factor that controlled the initiation of biofilm development. Upon detection of the T-RF peaks, richness (S) and diversity indices such as Shannon (H) and Simpson (1/D) demonstrated a rather slow increase until 48 h followed by rapid increase regardless of the pipe materials. Differences of microbial community structures among the biofilm samples were determined based on the cluster analysis using Jaccard coefficients (Sj). Biofilm communities could be divided into two distinct groups according to the exposure time regardless of the pipe materials. First group contained a young (< 48 h) biofilm samples (10 out of 11) but second group contained a mature (${\geq}$ 48 h) samples (11 out of 14). Results suggested that, due to the complexity of biofilm, the targeting of the first group of cluster was crucial for optimizing the management of drinking water distribution systems and controlling microbial growth.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제24권10호
• /
• pp.1397-1404
• /
• 2014

A few starters have been developed and used for doenjang fermentation but often without safety evaluation. Filamentous fungi were isolated from industrial doenjang koji, and their potential for mycotoxin production was evaluated. Two fungi were isolated; one was more dominantly present (90%). Both greenish (SNU-G) and whitish (SNU-W) fungi showed 97% and 95% internal transcribed spacer sequence identities to Aspergillus oryzae/flavus, respectively. However, the SmaI digestion pattern of their genomic DNA suggested that both belong to A. oryzae. Moreover, both fungi had morphological characteristics similar to that of A. oryzae. SNU-G and SNU-W did not form sclerotia, which is a typical characteristic of A. oryzae. Therefore, both fungi were identified to be A. oryzae. In aflatoxin gene cluster analysis, both fungi had norB-cypA genes similar to that of A. oryzae. Consistent with this, aflatoxins were not detected in SNU-G and SNU-W using ammonia vapor, TLC, and HPLC analyses. Both fungi seemed to have a whole cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) gene cluster based on PCR of the maoA, dmaT, and pks-nrps genes, which are key genes for CPA biosynthesis. However, CPA was not detected in TLC and HPLC analyses. Therefore, both fungi seem to be safe to use as doenjang koji starters and may be suitable fungal candidates for further development of starters for traditional doenjang fermentation.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 2008

Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and m-, p-, and o-xylene, the most influential aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were measured in Bangkok, Thailand, one of the most rapidly developing urban areas in Southern East Asia. The purpose of this study is to characterize the ambient air quality with respect to above mentioned aromatic compounds. The data were monitored in ten sites which cover roadside area, residential area and background area. Canister technique was used to obtain air sample at 24 hour interval per a month during April-August in 2007. GC/MS with three stage preconcentrator was used to analyze these samples. The average concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene m-, p-xylene and o-xylene are 5.8, 36.1, 4.1, 11.0 and $3.7{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. They were observed to be distributed in a log-normal form. Moreover, o-xylene and m, p-xylene exhibited a very good correlation (r=0.976). The slope of the regression equation between them was 3.07 which consisted with a previous reported value. The average ratio of toluene to benzene was 6.4 in April, May June and August. This value was comparable to the ones measured in other Asian cities. Two types of statistical analyses, cluster and factor analyses, were applied to the data in this study. Well characterization was made to understand the air quality of Bangkok area.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.21-35
• /
• 2011

Thanks to the popularization of golf, the population of young golfers including female players has been continuously increasing and the market specialization of golf-wear has been gradually intensifying with a growing number of new import brands in the market. This study is aimed to provide a direction to strengthen and invigorate the competitiveness of domestic golf wear brands through research on the benefits pursued by, the purchase attitudes towards local and overseas brands and the purchasing behaviors of female customers who have emerged as the newest customer group in the golf-wear market. The subjects of the research were 409 female golfers and the statistical analyses used for the study were factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and chi-square test. The results showed that there were six factors sought for golf-wear benefits: figure compensation, brand orientation, comfort, youth/fashion, maturity/conformity, and individuality. Cluster analysis showed that there were three groups of golf-wear benefits sought. Overall, the three groups were different in regard to golf involvement and golf-wear preferences. Based upon the results mentioned above, this study summarizes the key features of each group and can provide applicable suggestions for conducting strategic marketing activities.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 1996

오대산 국립공원의 동대산, 두노봉, 상왕봉 지구를 중심으로 분포하고 있는 천연림의 생육현황과 구조를 정확히 파악하고자, 이 지역에 27개의 방형구(20$\times $20m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다. Cluster 분석한 결과 세 개의 집단으로 분류되었다. 수종간의 상관관계는 피나무와 당단풍, 야광나무와 개회나무, 돌배나무와 백당나무 등의 수종들 간에는 비교적 높은 정의 상관관계를, 신갈나무와 귀룽나무, 피나무와 귀룽나무, 당단풍과 귀룽나무 등의 수종들 간에는 높은 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 본 조사지의 종 다양도는 0.9586~1.1814로 비교적 높게 나타났다.