• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.357-357
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• 2017

The combined application of oil cake and rice bran into the soil surface was found useful for weed control in our previous pot study. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) while incorporated in the paddy field and effects of combined fertilizer on weed control and rice yield. A plot was divided into two parts i.e. white clover incorporated and not incorporated. The nitrogen content of the incorporated white clover was $12.5gm^{-2}$. Chemical fertilizer and combined fertilizer plots were compared with non-fertilizer conditions. The mixed ratio of combined fertilizer was oil cake 1.35 and rice bran 1.0. Combined fertilizer was applied to the soil surface, and chemical fertilizer was mixed in the soil. Nitrogen application rate was $8gm^{-2}$ for any fertilizer. The weed numbers were significantly reduced in the white clover plot irrespective of application condition both at heading and harvest time. Also, weed control ability was improved by the use of combined fertilizer. In the not incorporated plot, the number of weeds was suppressed about 90% by applying combined fertilizer. The rice yield was markedly increased by the incorporation with white clover under all fertilization conditions. Contribution rates of increased rice yield by white clover and combined fertilizer were about 55% and about 25%, respectively. The rice yield was increased by the incorporation with white clover, and the number of weeds remarkably decreased as well. Also, these effects were improved due to combined application of oil cake and rice bran.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enteritidis as well as the sensory attributes of milk products supplemented with various concentrations (control, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of clove oil. In this study, clove oil was shown to have strong antibacterial activities. In addition, all the samples were assessed by ten researchers trained in five sensory attributes, namely, taste, flavor, color, texture, and overall acceptability. Compared to the control, 5% clove oil supplemented was the best in market milk, while in yogurt and kefir, 1.0% supplementation was the best. In terms of sensory attributes, the low score of color and flavor of market milk, yogurt, and kefir is attributed to the characteristics of the supplemented clove oil. Consequently, this study presents the possibility of producing bio-functional milk products supplemented with clove oil, and for controlling the growth of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in milk products using clove oil.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.589-605
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• 2012

This study was conducted to identify allelopathic effect of Ganghwa domestic Artemisia spp., named Sajabalssuk and Ssajuarissuk, for various receptor plants including clover (Trifolium repens L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), lawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), dandelion (Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst.), and dahurianpatrinia (Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trevir). Receptor plants were treated with the aqueous and essential oil extract of Artemisia plants. In consequence, their allelopathic effects were evaluated by measuring seed germination rates, seedling growth, and dry weights of the receptor plants. The seed germination and seedling growth of the receptor plants were inhibited by all treatments of both aqueous and essential oil extracts of the Artemisia plants, and, in addition, the inhibitory effects were increased according to the higher concentration. Among the donor plants, A. $sp.^*III$ showed most effective allelopathic effect. Comparing the alleopathic effect among the receptor plants, seed germination was most inhibited in lawn grass while inhibitory effect of seedling growth was comparatively higher in dandelion. Although inhibitory effects were comparatively lower, the allelopathic effects of Artemisia plants were identified in clover and alfalfa since the seedling growth of these plants were inhibited more than 70%. Thus, in result, Ganghwa domestic Artemisia spp. could be possibly used for weed control since natural products of the plants showed inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of various receptor plants.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 아미리스 정유의 제초활성을 검정하는데 있다. 아미리스 정유의 기내 종자발아 제초활성 검정 결과 유채에 대한 $GR_{50}$값은 8.8 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ 이었으며, 온실 제초활성 검정 결과 바랭이에 대한 완전고사 경엽처리 약량은 1,250 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ 이었다. 화본과잡초 4종과 광엽잡초 5종을 대상으로한 온실실험에서 4,000 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ 약량처리시 아미리스 정유는 수수, 돌피, 자귀풀에 대해 각각 90%, 70% 그리고 70%의 약효를 나타내었으며, 아미리스 정유에 처리된 잎은 모두 건조되는 증상을 나타내었다. 포장시험에서 아미리스 정유 5%의 피, 냉이, 토끼풀에 대한 제초효과는 모두 70%이었으며, 10%에서는 100%이었다. 아미리스 10% 정유의 제초활성은 처리후 6시간부터 발현되기 시작하였으며, 아미리스 정유 처리구 잡초의 지상부위 생체중은 대조구와 비교하여 41.5%이었으나 지하부위 생체중은 대조구와 비교하여 차이가 없었다. 아미리스 정유에는 총 15종의 화학물질이 검출되었으며 주된 화합물은 calarene(27.24%), elemol(19.38%), ${\gamma}$-eudesmol(9.24%), curcumene(5.85%), ${\beta}$-sesquiphellandrene(5.63%), zingiberene(5.50%), selina-3,7(11)-diene(5.29), 1,3-diisopropenyl-6-methyl-cyclohexene(4.18), ${\beta}$-bisabolene(4.13%), ${\beta}$-maaliene(3.62%)이었다. 본 연구의 결과 아미리스 정유는 속효성, 비선택적, 비이행성 제초특성을 갖는 것으로 추론된다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 2020

녹비작물을 이용한 선충 방제 기술 개발을 위해 클로버씨스트선충이 감염된 정선군 배추 포장에서 기름무 6품종과 백겨자 4품종의 녹비작물을 재배하였다. 2개월 후 트랙터 로터리를 이용하여 녹비작물을 토양에 환원시키고 1개월 동안 부숙시켰다. 이후 배추를 정식하고 70일이 경과한 다음 씨스트 선충에 대한 알 증식률과 배추의 생체중을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 기름무 Adios와 Anaconda 품종을 재배한 처리구의 토양에 존재하는 씨스트 내부의 알 밀도 감소율(Pf/Pi)은 각각 0.04, 0.02로 가장 낮았다. Adios와 Anaconda 처리구의 암컷의 증식수는 토양 300 ㎤당 각각 2.5마리, 3.5마리로 무처리를 비롯한 다른 처리구들보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 배추 3포기 생체중은 Adios와 Anaconda 처리구에서 각각 7.67 kg, 7.35 kg으로 나타나 무처리 5.64 kg보다 높았다. 본 연구결과에 따라 배추과 녹비작물인 기름무 Adios와 Anaconda 품종은 클로버씨스트선충의 친환경적인 방제 소재로 활용 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2005

A long-term study initiated in 1989 at San-born Field, Columbia, Missouri, was designed to evaluate the affect of environmental factors, nitrogen application, and crop rotation on soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed composition. Soybeans were grown as part of a four- year rotation which included corn (Zea maize L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Results from soil tests made prior to initiation of the study and subsequently every five years, were used to calculate application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium necessary for target yield of pursuant crops. In the experimental design, nitrogen was applied to one-half of the plot on which the non-leguminous crop, either corn or wheat was grown. Analysis of soybean seed by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy collected over an 11-year period revealed a linear increase in protein and decrease in oil content. Application of nitrogen fertilizer to non-leguminous crops did not have an apparent effect on total protein or oil content of subsequent soybean crop. Analysis of soybean seed proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in conjunction with computer­assisted densitometry revealed subtle changes in the accumulation of seed proteins. Immunoblot analysis using antibodies raised against the $\beta-subunit$ of $\beta-conglycinin$ showed a gradual increase in the accumulation of the 7S components during successive years of the experiment. A linear increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall was observed from the onset of data· collection. Higher temperatures during the growing season have been linked to increased protein and diminished oil content of soybean, thus changes observed in this study are possibly related to climatic conditions. However, crop rotation and subsequent changes in soil ecology may contribute to these observed changes in the seed composition.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2000

Penicillium oxalicum (PENOX)은 잔디밭 토끼풀(Trifolium repens L.)의 방제를 위한 생물제제(biocontrol agent, BCA)로서의 잠재성을 보여왔다. 미생물제초균류에 의한 제초활성은 다양한 환경조건하에서 이들의 발아율, 생장력 및 기질이용성 등에 크게 영향을 받는다. 따라서 본 연구는 PENOX의 다양한 수분확성($0.94{\sim}0.995\;a_w$) 및 온도조건($18{\sim}30^{\circ}C$)하에서의 균사생장, 포자발아율 및 포자생성량을 glycerol로 조정된 MEA(malt extract agar) 배지를 사용하여 in vitro상에서 조사하였다. PENOX의 균사생장은 높은 수분활성조건($0.995\;a_w$)에서 가장 좋았으며 $30^{\circ}C$에서 가장 양호하였다. 또한 $0.995\;a_w$에서는 저온($20^{\circ}C$)에서도 균사생장이 대체로 양호하여 수분활성이 약간 낮은 조건($0.97\;a_w$)에서의 최대 균사생장율과 비슷한 균사생장율을 나타냈다. $0.97\;a_w$에서의 균사생장율은 $25^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$조건간에 대체로 비슷한 결과를 나타냈으며 저온($20^{\circ}C$)에서는 매우 감소하였다. PENOX의 포자발아율도 $0.995\;a_w/30^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았으며 수분활성이 감소할수록 낮아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 저온($18^{\circ}C$)에서의 발아전 지체시간(lag phase time)은 전 $a_w$ 조건하에서 6시간 이상 그리고 낮은 수분활성조건($0.94\;a_w$)하에서는 18과 $25^{\circ}C$에서 각 18, 12시간 이상으로 나타났다. 그러나 포자생성은 $0.995\;a_w$의 높은 수분조건에 비해 약간 낮은 $0.97\;a_w$ 조건에서, 그리고 고온($30^{\circ}C$)에 비해 저온조건($20^{\circ}C$) 하에서 훨씬 양호하였다. 한편, GN MicroPlate를 이용해 PENOX의 기질로서의 95개 탄소원에 대한 이용성을 조사한 결과 $0.995\;a_w/25^{\circ}C$에서의 생태적 생식역값(niche size)은 86으로 가장 높았으며 수분스트레스조건($0.955\;a_w$)에서는 그 이용성이 낮아져 그 값은 65를 나타냈다. 그리고 고온($30^{\circ}C$)에서는 $0.995\;a_w$ 및 $0.955\;a_w$에서는 각각 84와 50을 나타내 $0.995\;a_w$에서 보다 $0.955\;a_w$ 조건에서 탄소원 이용시 온도스트레스에 더 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 균류생태생리학적인 정보는 효과적인 BCA의 개발을 위한 기초자료로서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1341-1350
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• 2009

Dietary lipids are rapidly hydrolysed and biohydrogenated in the rumen resulting in meat and milk characterised by a high content of saturated fatty acids and low polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which contributes to increases in the risk of diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. There has been considerable interest in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant products with the overall aim of improving the long-term health of consumers. Metabolism of dietary lipids in the rumen (lipolysis and biohydrogenation) is a major critical control point in determining the fatty acid composition of ruminant lipids. Our understanding of the pathways involved and metabolically important intermediates has advanced considerably in recent years. Advances in molecular microbial technology based on 16S rRNA genes have helped to further advance our knowledge of the key organisms responsible for ruminal lipid transformation. Attention has focused on ruminal biohydrogenation of lipids in forages, plant oils and oilseeds, fish oil, marine algae and fat supplements as important dietary strategies which impact on fatty acid composition of ruminant lipids. Forages, such as grass and legumes, are rich in omega-3 PUFA and are a useful natural strategy in improving nutritional value of ruminant products. Specifically this review targets two key areas in relation to forages: i) what is the fate of the lipid-rich plant chloroplast in the rumen and ii) the role of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase in red clover as a natural plant-based protection mechanism of dietary lipids in the rumen. The review also addresses major pathways and micro-organisms involved in lipolysis and biohydrogenation.

• Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2021

Decreased adipocyte fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and impaired preadipocyte differentiation characterize hypertrophic expansion of adipose tissue (AT) from obese and insulin resistant humans and are recognized as potential mechanisms for obesity-mediated dyslipidemia. Supplementation of formononetin (FMN), one of the principal isoflavones extracted from red clover or Huangqi (Astragalus roots), has been shown to have beneficial effects on obesity-related hyperlipidemia, a well-established cardiovascular risk factor. However, a target tissue and underlying mechanism(s) through which FMN acts have been under-investigated. Thus, we investigated whether FMN promotes adipocyte FAO and preadipocyte differentiation using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to provide potential mechanisms of FMN action. We further extended this to the culture of 10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as mouse AT explants to reflect in vivo effects of FMN. In fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, FMN-treatment significantly increased the expression levels of FAO-related proteins such as pAMPK, pACC, and CPT1, all of which were consistently upregulated in AT explant cultures treated with 10 μM FMN. In addition, FMN significantly enhanced the degree of differentiation of both 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and 10T1/2 MSCs into adipocytes as evidenced by Oil Red O staining of cellular lipids. This observation correlated with increased expression levels of key adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ and C/EBPα) and their down-stream target proteins (FABP4, Glut4 and adiponectin). Moreover, FMN failed to exert its stimulatory effects on preadipocyte differentiation in both cell types in the presence of a PPARγ antagonist, suggesting a PPARγ-dependent effect of FMN. Collectively, these data provide possible mechanisms of action of FMN on lipid metabolism and further support the favorable in vivo effects of FMN in diet and obesity-induced dyslipidemia.