• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.423-442
• /
• 2015

This study examines the wavelet transform for output-only system identification of ambient excited engineering structures with emphasis on its utilization for modal parameter estimation of high-order and closely-spaced modes. Sophisticated time-frequency resolution analysis has been carried out by employing the modified complex Morlet wavelet function for better adaption and flexibility of the time-frequency resolution to extract two closely-spaced frequencies. Furthermore, bandwidth refinement techniques such as a bandwidth resolution adaptation, a broadband filtering technique and a narrowband filtering one have been proposed in the study for the special treatments of high-order and closely-spaced modal parameter estimation. Ambient responses of a 5-story steel frame building have been used in the numerical example, using the proposed bandwidth refinement techniques, for estimating the modal parameters of the high-order and closely-spaced modes. The first five natural frequencies and damping ratios of the structure have been estimated; furthermore, the comparison among the various proposed bandwidth refinement techniques has also been examined.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.52 no.5
• /
• pp.903-918
• /
• 2014

Large space structures may have resonant low eigenvalues and often these appear with closely-spaced natural frequencies. Owing to the coupling among modes with closely-spaced natural frequencies, each eigenvector corresponding to closely-spaced eigenvalues is ill-conditioned that may cause structural instability. The subspace to an invariant subspace corresponding to closely-spaced eigenvalues is well-conditioned, so a method is presented to design the feedback control law of intelligent structures with closely-spaced eigenvalues in this paper. The main steps are as follows: firstly, the system with closely-spaced eigenvalues is transformed into that with repeated eigenvalues by the spectral decomposition method; secondly, the computation for the linear combination of eigenvectors corresponding to repeated eigenvalues is obtained; thirdly, the feedback control law is designed on the basis of the system with repeated eigenvalues; fourthly, the system with closely-spaced eigenvalues is regarded as perturbed system on the basis of the system with repeated eigenvalues; finally, the feedback control law is applied to the original system, the first order perturbations of eigenvalues are discussed when the parameter modifications of the system are introduced. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the application of the present method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.417-434
• /
• 2002

This paper explores the possibility of using a combination of the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert transform (HT), termed the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) method, to identify the modal damping ratios of the structure with closely spaced modal frequencies. The principle of the HHT method and the procedure of using the HHT method for modal damping ratio identification are briefly introduced first. The dynamic response of a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) system under an impact load is then computed for a wide range of dynamic properties from well-separated modal frequencies to very closely spaced modal frequencies. The natural frequencies and modal damping ratios identified by the HHT method are compared with the theoretical values and those identified using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. The results show that the HHT method is superior to the FFT method in the identification of modal damping ratios of the structure with closely spaced modes of vibration. Finally, a 36-storey shear building with a 4-storey light appendage, having closely spaced modal frequencies and subjected to an ambient ground motion, is analyzed. The modal damping ratios identified by the HHT method in conjunction with the random decrement technique (RDT) are much better than those obtained by the FFT method. The HHT method performing in the frequency-time domain seems to be a promising tool for system identification of civil engineering structures.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2006

The optimal design of multiple tuned mass dampers (multiple TMD's) to suppress multi-mode structural response of beams and floor structures was investigated. A new method using a numerical optimizer, which can effectively handle a large number of design variables, was employed to search for both optimal placement and tuning of TMD's for these structures under wide-band loading. The first design problem considered was vibration control of a simple beam using 10 TMD's. The results confirmed that for structures with widelyspaced natural frequencies, multiple TMD's can be adequately designed by treating each structural vibration mode as an equivalent SDOF system. Next, the control of a beam structure with two closely-spaced natural frequencies was investigated. The results showed that the most effective multiple TMD's have their natural frequencies distributed over a range covering the two controlled structural frequencies and have low damping ratios. Moreover, a single TMD can also be made effective in controlling two modes with closely spaced frequencies by a newly identified control mechanism, but the effectiveness can be greatly impaired when the loading position changes. Finally, a realistic problem of a large floor structure with 5 closely spaced frequencies was presented. The acceleration responses at 5 positions on the floor excited by 3 wide-band forces were simultaneously suppressed using 10 TMD's. The obtained multiple TMD's were shown to be very effective and robust.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.733-741
• /
• 2004

Vibration behavior of an initially stressed beam on discretely spaced multiple elastic supports has been studied and a theoretical formulation of the system is derived using the variational principle. Unlike beams on an elastic foundation, discretely spaced supports can distort the beam mode shapes when the supports have rather large stiffness, i.e. usually expected beam modes cannot be obtained, but rather irregular mode shapes are observed. Conversely, irregular modes can be recovered by changing initial stress. Since support location is closely associated with the dynamic characteristics, this work also discusses eigenvalue sensitivity with respect to the support position and some numerical examples are investigated to illustrate the above findings.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.257-280
• /
• 2014

In this paper, a novel PARAllel FACtor (PARAFAC) decomposition based Blind Source Separation (BSS) algorithm is proposed for modal identification of structures equipped with tuned mass dampers. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are extremely effective vibration absorbers in tall flexible structures, but prone to get de-tuned due to accidental changes in structural properties, alteration in operating conditions, and incorrect design forecasts. Presence of closely spaced modes in structures coupled with TMDs renders output-only modal identification difficult. Over the last decade, second-order BSS algorithms have shown significant promise in the area of ambient modal identification. These methods employ joint diagonalization of covariance matrices of measurements to estimate the mixing matrix (mode shape coefficients) and sources (modal responses). Recently, PARAFAC BSS model has evolved as a powerful multi-linear algebra tool for decomposing an $n^{th}$ order tensor into a number of rank-1 tensors. This method is utilized in the context of modal identification in the present study. Covariance matrices of measurements at several lags are used to form a $3^{rd}$ order tensor and then PARAFAC decomposition is employed to obtain the desired number of components, comprising of modal responses and the mixing matrix. The strong uniqueness properties of PARAFAC models enable direct source separation with fine spectral resolution even in cases where the number of sensor observations is less compared to the number of target modes, i.e., the underdetermined case. This capability is exploited to separate closely spaced modes of the TMDs using partial measurements, and subsequently to estimate modal parameters. The proposed method is validated using extensive numerical studies comprising of multi-degree-of-freedom simulation models equipped with TMDs, as well as with an experimental set-up.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.75-88
• /
• 2022

Engineering structures in operation essentially belong to time-varying or nonlinear structures and the resultant response signals are usually non-stationary. For such time-varying structures, it is of great importance to extract time-dependent dynamic parameters from non-stationary response signals, which benefits structural health monitoring, safety assessment and vibration control. However, various traditional signal processing methods are unable to extract the embedded meaningful information. As a newly developed technique, variational mode decomposition (VMD) shows its superiority on signal decomposition, however, it still suffers two main problems. The foremost problem is that the number of modal components is required to be defined in advance. Another problem needs to be addressed is that VMD cannot effectively separate non-stationary signals composed of closely spaced or overlapped modes. As such, a new method named generalized adaptive variational modal decomposition (GAVMD) is proposed. In this new method, the number of component signals is adaptively estimated by an index of mean frequency, while the generalized demodulation algorithm is introduced to yield a generalized VMD that can decompose mode overlapped signals successfully. After that, synchrosqueezing wavelet transform (SWT) is applied to extract instantaneous frequencies (IFs) of the decomposed mono-component signals. To verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed method, three numerical examples and a steel cable with time-varying tension force are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed GAVMD method can decompose the multi-component signal with overlapped modes well and its combination with SWT enables a successful IF extraction of each individual component.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2016

A novel vibration control method for vibration reduction of a spacial structure subjected to earthquake excitation was proposed in this study. Generally, spatial structures have various vibration modes involving high-order modes and their natural frequencies are closely spaced. Therefore, in order to control these modes, a spatially distributed MTMDs (Multiple TMDs) method is proposed previously. MR (Magnetorheological) damper were used to enhance the control performance of the MTMDs. Accordingly, MSTMDs (Multiple Smart TMDs) were proposed in this study. An arch structure was used as an example structure because it has primary characteristics of spatial structures and it is a comparatively simple structure. MSTMDs were applied to the example arch structure and the seismic control performance were evaluated based on the numerical simulation. Fuzzy logic control algorithm (FLC) was used to generate command voltages sent for MSTMSs and the FLC was optimized by genetic algorithm. Based on the analytical results, it has been shown that the MSTMDs effectively decreased the dynamic responses of the arch structure subjected to earthquake loads.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.482-493
• /
• 2016

The identification of modal damping of a segmented hull model with torsional response is difficult task due to the coupling of modal response. This is because the 1st and 2nd torsional vibration modes are closely spaced in frequency domain leading to the situation that the modal decomposition is difficult to achieve by simple band-pass filter. Present study applied several different modal decomposition methods to derive the damping ratio of different modes. The modal decomposition methods considered in this study are simple band-pass filter, Hilbert vibration decomposition, Wavelet transform and proper orthogonal decomposition. Coupled free decay signal obtained from the torsional hammering test on a segmented hull model was processed with four different methods and the derived damping ratios were compared with each other. Discussions also have been made on the pros and cons of the different methodologies.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.417-422
• /
• 2014

In this study, we investigated localized surface plasmon resonance and the related coupling phenomena with respect to various geometric parameters of Ag nanoparticles, including the size and inter-particle distance. The plasmon resonances of Ag nanoparticles were studied using three-dimensional finite difference time domain(FDTD) calculations. From the FDTD calculations, we discovered the existence of a symmetric and an anti-symmetric plasmon coupling modes in the coupled Ag nanoparticles. The dependence of the resonance wavelength with respect to the inter-particle distance was also investigated, revealing that the anti-symmetric mode is more closely correlated with the inter-particle distance of the Ag nanoparticles than the symmetric mode. We also found that higher order resonance modes are appeared in the extinction spectrum for closely spaced Ag nanoparticles. Plasmon resonance calculations for the Ag particles coated with a $SiO_2$ layer showed enhanced plasmon coupling due to the strengthened plasmon resonance, suggesting that the inter-particle distance of the Ag nanoparticles can be estimated by measuring the transmission and absorption spectra with the plasmon resonance of symmetric and anti-symmetric localized surface plasmons.