• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2010

We analyzed global positioning system (GPS)-derived precipitable water vapor (PWV) trends of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 5 stations (Seoul, Daejeon, Mokpo, Milyang, Sokcho) where Korea Meteorological Administration meteorological data can be obtained at the same place. In the least squares analysis, the GPS PWV time series showed consistent positive trends (0.11 mm/year) over South Korea from 2000 to 2009. The annual increase of GPS PWV was comparable with the 0.17 mm/year and 0.02 mm/year from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Observing Laboratory and Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder, respectively. For seasonal analysis, the increasing tendency was found by 0.05 mm/year, 0.16 mm/year, 0.04 mm/year in spring (March-May), summer (June-August) and winter (December-February), respectively. However, a negative trend (-0.14 mm/year) was seen in autumn (September-November). We examined the relationship between GPS PWV and temperature which is the one of the climatic elements. Two elements trends increased during the same period and the correlation coefficient was about 0.8. Also, we found the temperature rise has increased more GPS PWV and observed a stronger positive trend in summer than in winter. This is characterized by hot humid summer and cold dry winter of Korea climate and depending on the amount of water vapor the air contains at a certain temperature. In addition, it is assumed that GPS PWV positive trend is caused by increasing amount of saturated water vapor due to temperature rise in the Korean Peninsula. In the future, we plan to verify GPS PWV effectiveness as a tool to monitor changes in precipitable water through cause analysis of seasonal trends and indepth/long-term comparative analysis between GPS PWV and other climatic elements.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2011

한반도 중남부에 분포하는 10-20m 두께의 화강암류 풍화층은 화학적 풍화가 주도적으로 작용하여 형성된 심층풍화층으로 알려져왔다. 본 연구는 이런 기존의 주장이 어느 정도의 타당성을 지니는가를 규명하기 위하여 화학적 풍화 정도를 정량적으로 파악할 수 있는 풍화지수인 화학적 풍화지수(CIA)를 통하여 살펴보았다. 한반도 화강암류의 CIA는 50 전후이며, 장석류의 화학적 풍화가 진행된 초기 모습에 머물러 있다. 이는 열대기후지역인 홍콩의 80과는 거리가 멀며, 고위도 냉대지역은 핀란드의 60에도 훨씬 못미치는 지수이다. A-CN-K 도식상의 분포 특성으로도 한반도의 화학적 풍화 정도는 매우 미약한 수준에 머물러 있다. 따라서 한반도 중남부 화강암지역의 풍화층 형성 성인에 대한 추후 논의가 더 필요하다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.363-369
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• 1999

Reconstruction of the past vegetational changes of Korea in connection with climate changes enables to understand the impacts of past and future global warming on alpine vegetation. Despite the early appearance of the cold-tolerant vegetation since the Mesozoic Era. the occurrence of warmth-tolerant vegetation during the Oligocene and Miocene implies that most of alpine and subalpine vegetations have been confined to the alpine and subalpine belts of northern Korean Peninsula. The presence of cold-episodes during the Pleistocene. however. might have caused a general southward and downslope expansions of cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation. But the climatic warming trend during the Holocene or post-glacial period eventually has isolated cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation mainly in the northern Korea. but also on scattered high mountains in the southern Korea. The presence of numerous arctic-alpine and alpine plants on the alpine and subalpine belts is mainly due to their relative degree of sensitivity to high summer temperatures. Global warming would cause important changes in species composition and altitudinal distributional pattern. The altitudinal migration of temperate vegetation upward caused by climatic warming would eventually devastate alpine plants.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2007

Nowadays, housing density in a city is getting higher, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. Therefore, Skyscraper is considered as future alternative architecture beyond symbolic meaning in aspect of demand and supply of urban land. However, skyscrapers which were newly built in Korea have many problems such as consumption of enormous amounts of energy, destruction of natural environment, and traffic jam. And from now on, environment-friendly development of skyscraper is urgently needed. However, plans or evaluation standards, which take account of the environment-friendly aspect of skyscraper, leave much to be desired. And especially it is hard to find environment-friendly skyscrapers. Therefore, this study aims to find realistic alternative solutions of environment-friendly skyscraper through analysis of the works of Ken Yeang who has been known as bio-climatic architect and tried to apply environment-friendly plans to skyscraper.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제3권3_4호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2000

Recent changes in the coastal sea surface temperatures (SST) in Korea are studied by time series analysis of daily SST data during the last 60 years (1936-1995) at 18 coastal observation stations of the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute. The climate of coastal SST in Korea are rapidly changing in recent years. General trends of coast SST changes in Korea are as follows. The annual averages of SST are increasing. The annual ranges of SST variation are decreasing. The winter SST are increasing while the summer SST have a decreasing tendency. Climatic changes in coastal SST in recent 30 years (1965-1995) are more pronounced than those in the last 60 years (1936-1995). The observed trend of coast SST implies that the climate in Korea shows a tendency to shift from temperate zone to subtropical zone.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.73-93
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• 2022

Focus on climate change and extreme weather conditions has received considerable attention in recent years. Civil engineers are now focusing on designing buildings that are more eco-friendly in the face of climate change. This paper describes the research conducted to assess the impact of future climate change on energy usage and carbon emissions in a typical supermarket at multiple locations across the UK. Locations that were included in the study were London, Manchester, and Southampton. These three cities were compared against their building performance based on their respective climatic conditions. Based on the UK Climatic Projections (UKCP09), a series of energy modelling simulations which were provided by the Chartered Institute of Building Service Engineers (CIBSE) were conducted on future weather years for this investigation. This investigation ascertains and quantifies the annual energy consumption, carbon emissions, cooling, and heating demand of the selected supermarkets at the three locations under various climatic projections and emission scenarios, which further validates annual temperature rise as a result of climatic variation. The data showed a trend of increasing variations across the UK as one moves southwards, with London and Southampton at the higher side of the spectrum followed by Manchester which has the least variability amongst these three cities. This is the first study which investigates impact of the climate change on the UK supermarkets across different regions by using the real case scenarios.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2016

The study explored droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the northwestern region of Bangladesh, which is the drought prone area. In order to assess the trend and variability of monthly rainfall, as well as 3-month scale SPI, non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) tests and continuous wavelet transform were used respectively. The effect of climatic parameters on the drought in this region was also evaluated using SPI, with the Southern Oscilation Index (SOI) by means of the wavelet coherence technique, a relatively new and powerful tool for describing processes. The MK test showed no statistically significant monthly rainfall trends in the selected stations, whereas the seasonal MK test showed a declining rainfall trend in Bogra, Ishurdi, Rangpur and Sayedpur stations respectively. Sen's slope of six stations also provided a decreasing rainfall trend. The trend of the SPI, as well as Sen's slope indicated an increasing dryness trend in this area. Dominant periodicity of 3-month scale SPI at 8 to 16 months, 16 to 32 months, and 32 to 64 months were observed in the study area. The outcomes from this study contribute to hydrologists to establish strategies, priorities and proper use of water resources.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1B호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 지리 및 지형적 특성과 도시화에 따른 기후변화가 기준증발산량에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 FAO P-M 기준증발산식을 이용하여 연별 및 각 월별 기준증발산량과 기준증발산식의 에너지항 및 공기동력항 변화추세를 분석하였다. 추세분석을 위하여 전국 21개 연구지역에서 일별 기후자료를 수집하여 Spearman 순위상관분석, Sen분석(Sen's estimator of slope) 그리고 실제변화율분석과 선형회귀분석 등을 실시하였다. 또한 도시지역 특성에 따라 21개 연구지역을 군집화하였고, 각 군집에 따른 기준증발산과 기준증발산식의 에너지항 및 공기동력항의 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 도시화정도는 기준증발산, 에너지항 및 공기동력항의 변화추세 및 크기에 밀접한 영향이 있으나, 변화추세 정도(Sen's slope)에는 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 에너지항의 경우 해안지역에서는 주로 증가추세를 보이는 반면, 내륙지역에서는 일부 월을 제외하고 감소추세를 보이고 있다. 또한 지역 경사도는 에너지항보다는 공기동력항 변화추세 정도(Sen's slope)에 더 큰 영향력을 보이는 것으로 판단된다. 공기동력항의 경우 해안 및 내륙지역에서 증가추세를 보이고 있고, 내륙지역이 해안지역보다 더 큰 공기동력항의 증가추세를 보이고 있다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.385-397
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• 1982

The climatic impacts have been the environmental constraints with soil characteristics to achieve self sufficiency of food production in Korea. In this paper, the distribution and appearance of impacts and the changes in climatological status due to recent trend of early transplanting of rice are widely discussed to derive some countermeasures against the impacts, being focussed on cultural A long term analysis of the climatic impact appearances of the last 74 years showed that drought, strong wind, flood, cold spell and frost were the major impacts. Before 1970's, the drought damage was the greatest among the climatic impacts; however, the expansion and improvement of irrigation and drainage system markedly decreased the damage of drought and heavy rain. The appearance of cold damage became more frequent than before due to introduction of early transplanting for more thermophilic new varieties. Tongillines which were from Indica and Japonica crosses throw more attention to cold damage for high yields to secure high temperature in heading and ripening stages and lead weakness to cold and drought damage in early growth stage after transplanting. The plants became subject to heavy rain in ripening stage also. For the countermeasures against cold damage, the rational distribution of adequate varieties according to the regional climatic conditions and planting schedule should be imposed on the cultivation. A detoured water way to increase water temperature might be suggestable in the early growth stage. Heavy application of phosphate to boost rooting and tillering also would be a nutritional control method. In the heading and ripening stages, foliar application of phosphate and additional fertilization of silicate might be considerable way of nutritional control. Since the amount of solar radiation and air temperature in dry years were high, healthy plants for high yield could be obtained; therefere, the expansion of irrigation system and development of subsurface water should be performed as one of the national development projects. To minimize the damage of strong wind and rainfall, the rational distribution of varieties with different growing periods in the area where the damage occurred habitualy should be considered with installation of wind breaks. Not only vertical windbreaks but also a horizontal wind break using a net might be a possible way to decrease the white heads in rice field by dry wind. Finally, to establish the integrated countermeasures against the climatic impacts, the detailed interpretation on the regional climatic conditions should be conducted to understand distribution and frequency of the impacts. The expansion of observation net work for agricultural meteorology and development of analysis techniques for meteorological data must be conducted in future together with the development of the new cultural techniques.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.525-540
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 측우기 관측자료와 현대 관측자료로 이루어진 서울 강수량 시계열 자료에 나타난 시간에 따른(년도별 및 계절별)변화 및 변동 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 200여년 간의 강수량 시계열에 어떤 특정한 증감 추세가 있는지를 알아보는 추세분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 추세뿐만 아니라 시간에 따른 강수량의 주기성 및 변동성을 더 자세히 알기 위하여 파엽 변환(wavelet transform)을 실시하여 여러 진동 모드들의 시간에 따른 변화 양상을 분석하였다.