• 제목/요약/키워드: clean up

검색결과 845건 처리시간 0.028초

노출감시체계 구축을 위한 작업환경측정 정보 표준화 (Standardization of work environment measurement information for constructing exposure surveillance system)

  • 최상준;정지연;임성국;임대성;고동희;박동욱;박윤경;김소연;정은교
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.322-335
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: The goal of this study is to standardize industry, process, and job within work environment measurement information. Methods: We selected 180 work environment measurement reports on 30 industries from a database monitored from 2014 to 2016 by the Korea Industrial Health Association. Ten industrial hygienists, each with over five years of experience in measurement, conducted a primary standardization of 180 reports. Two professional industrial hygienists with more than 20 years of experience each reviewed and revised the results of the primary standardization. We also examined the validity on the usefulness of the standardized database by the two industrial hygienists. Results: The final standardization results were classified into eight major categories, 23 sub-major categories, 39 minor categories, 53 unit categories and 70 sub-unit categories in the Korean Standard Industrial Classification (KSIC) 10th revision. A total of 161 processes were standardized, and there were 148 processes with K2B codes. Standard job was coded into 13 job groups including operator, automobile maintenance, nurse, maintenance, manager, excavating machine operator, forklift driver, radiologist, clinical pathologist, signer, researcher, kitchen assistant, and concrete reinforcement ironworker. Conclusions: Although the standardized information in this study may be only a part of the total information, it can be useful for improvement of the K2B system. Additional research is needed for an ongoing clean-up of data in the K2B and re-calibration and reclassification of standard processes until the future national exposure monitoring system is fully established.

상품성 제고를 위한 고구마 수확 후 관리 및 출하기술 (Postharvest Handling and Marketing Management for Making High Salability of Sweetpotatoes)

  • Jeong, Byeong-Choon
    • 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식품저장유통학회 2001년도 임시총회 및 제18차 학술발표회 발표논문초록집
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    • pp.51-64
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    • 2001
  • The qualities including taste of sweetpotato stored during the winter which can display in the spring market in Korea are affected by availability of storage for the roots. In order to make high storage availability of sweetpotato, the postharvest handlings should be done thoroughly from the moment of harvest until shipping them to the market. A lot of procedures that must be handled carefully for improving postharvest management are as follows; digging, trimming, gathering, putting in storage containers, carrying them from field to house, curing, storing, washing, drying, selecting marketable roots, packing and shipping to the market, etc.. Sweetpotatoes have a high moisture content, and a relatively thin and delicate skin, and are sensitive to chilling, so careless postharvest handling can lead to both quantitative and qualitative losses which may be extremely high in some circumstances. From now on research has concentrated on the improvement of postharvest conditions to increase yield and lower disease rates. Storage, which makes sweetpotatoes available through out the year, benefits both the producer and the consumer. Seven very important points must be needed in order to get the best quality marketable roots in the storing of sweetpotatos : $\circled1$The storage house must be clean and sanitary, $\circled2$The crop must be harvested before the first frost to avoid low-temperature injury, $\circled3$Particular care must be taken to avoid cutting, bruising, or other injuries of the sweetpotatoes during digging, picking up, grading, placing in containers, and moving to the storage house, $\circled4$Select sound, disease-free roots for storage $\circled5$Sweetpotatoes should be stored in properly stacked containers $\circled6$Cure immediately after harvest, preferably at 32∼33$^{\circ}C$ and 90 to 95 percent relative humidity for 4 to 7 days, After curing the temperature should be reduced to 13$^{\circ}C$ to 16$^{\circ}C$ by ventilating the storage with outside air. $\circled7$Store at 12$^{\circ}C$ to 14$^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 80 to 85 percent. Storage houses should be located on suitable sites and should be tightly constructed and insulated so that temperature and humidity will be uniform. Sweetpotatoes are usually not washed and graded, and lately sometimes washed, graded, waxed, before being shipped to market. Consumer packaging of sweetpotatoes in paper boxes(10-15kg) or film bags is done mainly to aid marketing. The shelf life of washed roots in consumer packs in only 1 to 2 weeks. Weight loss of roots during marketing is much less in perforated film bags than in mesh and paper bags. Perforation of 0.8 to 1kg polyethylene bags with about six 6mm holes is essential ; to lower the internal relative humidity and avoid excessive sprouting, rooting, and dampness. Development and use of better postharvest handling with good storage facilities or marketing methods can minimize sweetpotate losses and has an effect of indirectly increasing productivity and farmer’s income.

사과 및 배 과수원의 토양 및 과실 중 잔류성유기염소계 농약류 잔류량 조사 (Investigation of Residual Organochlorine Pesticides in Apple and Pear Orchard Soil and Fruit)

  • 임성진;박정훤;노진호;이민호;윤효인;최근형;류송희;유혜진;박병준
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.110-118
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    • 2019
  • BACKGROUND: Residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by Stockholm Convention because they bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effect to human health and the environment. Apple and pear is economic crop in agriculture, and its cultivation area and yield has been increased. Therefore, we tried to investigate the OCPs residue in apple and pear orchard soils and fruits. METHODS AND RESULTS: Extraction and clean-up method were developed using the modified QuEChERS method for residual organochlorine pesticides (ROCPs) in apple and pear orchard soil and fruits. Recovery and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of ROCPs in soil and fruits were 75.4-101.4 and 76.9-93.4%, 0.03-0.21 and $0.6-1.2{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Detected ROCPs in apple and pear orchard soil was 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, and endosulfan sulfate, the residues were 2.2, 1.9-48.0, 1.3-84.1, 90.6-863.1, and $11.3-239.0{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. But five pesticides in all fruit samples were not detected. CONCLUSION: These results showed that ROCPs residues in apple and pear orchard soil had no effect on safety of agricultural products.

『국역본 <>·<>』 고찰 -표기적 특징과 이본적 성격을 중심으로- (A Study on 『Korean Translation of ·』 -Focused on declared characteristics and characteristics in different versions-)

  • 간호윤
    • 고전문학과교육
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    • 제15호
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    • pp.355-387
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of the study was to decide Korean translation and the copying period of "Korean Translation of " and to look all around their characteristics in different versions carefully until now. The "Korean Translation" is a collection of Korean-translated romance and love stories excavated by a professor Kim,Il Geun, and there is not a little meaning in the context of novel history in the point of view of 'Korean translation of a court possession'. Arranging conclusion of the study generally, it is as follows. (1) Considering phonological phenomena, grammar and vocabulary in the study of Korean language, it is presumed that they would be translated into Korean and copied between the regime period of the King Sukjong and the regime period of the King Yungjo in the Joseon Dynasty. For, they were composed of a middle declaration of copied 'Myeoknambon "Korean Translation of Taepyeonggwanggi(태평광기)"' and 'NakseonJaebon(낙선재본)' between the middle of the 17th century and the middle of the 18th century and the regime period of the King Jeongjo in the Joseon Dynasty appointed as the background period of the novels should be excepted. Consequently, through the Korean Translation, we can confirm that the novel scope between the 17th century and the 18th century in Korean novel history was widened until 'The Royal Court' and 'Women'. (2) In the side of vocabulary, the "Korean Translation" also has not a little meaning in the side of a collection translated in the Royal Court. It doesn't have new vocabularies, but partial vocabularies as '(Traces:痕)' '(Clean eyes:明眸)', ' (Sail:帆)', '(Get up:起)', '글이플(Weak grass:弱草)', '쇼록(Owl:? 梟 or 鴉?)', '이 사라심(This life:此生)', and '노혀오매(Look for:訪)' are good data in the study of Korean language. (3) The "Korean Translation" is a valuable data about translation and copying of a court novel and we can discover intentionally changed parts and partially omitted sentences rather in the than in the . There are differences between a translation book and a copying book and we can catch sight of intention of translation and unsettledness of copying in the second work. Therefore, we can know that the "Korean Translation" has a double context which one work is translated and a work in different version is derived, compared to a simple copy. (4) The "Korean Translation" has a close relation with "Hangoldong(閒汨董)", but it doesn't regard the same copy as a foundation. The basic copy of translation of the "Korean Translation" is a different version of the same line as "Hangoldong" and "Jeochobon(저초본:정명기 소장본)" and is more similar line to "Hangoldong", but it is also not the same basic copy. (5) Considering that the "Korean Translation" doesn't has a distinct relation with the "Hangoldong", there is no correlation between the "Korean Translation" and and the "Hangoldong" and . In addition, we could not discover a writer's identity between the two.

조업기인 어업쓰레기 발생추정량에 대한 어업 및 해양환경 관련 정책 비교분석 (A Comparative Analysis of Fishery and Marine Environment-related Policies on Estimated Amount of Fishery Debris Caused by Fishing)

  • 성은혜;김경신
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.906-917
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구의 목적은 조업기인 어업쓰레기 발생(추정)량에 대한 어업 및 해양환경 정책의 범주별 차이를 비교하고, 독립변수와 종속변수의 상관성을 분석하는 것이다. 독립변수는 세 가지로 구분되는데, 사전 예방정책, 현행 관리정책, 사후 대응정책이다. 사전 예방정책에는 친환경어업 지원사업, 제도적 예방활동, 물리적 차단 시설 설치가 있다. 현행 관리정책에는 관련 선박 운영, 어업질서 확립, 어업구조조정, 어장환경 개선이 해당된다. 사후 대응정책에는 하천~해안변 쓰레기 정화, 해양·침적·부유쓰레기 수거, 조업 중 인양쓰레기 수매, 어업관련 폐기물 처리, 해양쓰레기 피해복구가 포함된다. 측정지표는 각 사업별 결산액이다. 종속변수는 조업으로 인한 어업쓰레기 발생 추정량이고, 측정지표는 연안 통발 및 자망과 그 부속어구 유실량의 합이다. 평균순위 차이 검증결과 어업쓰레기 발생 추정량은 해역별로는 동해안이 가장 높게 나타났고, 기초자치단체별로는 시 지역이 가장 높게 나타났다. 해양환경 관련 결산액은 군 지역에서 가장 많이 투입하고 있었고, 대부분의 변수에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 어업쓰레기 발생 추정량과 관련있는 변수는 사후 정책 중 조업 중 인양쓰레기 수매 사업과 폐기물 처리 지원 사업이었다.

메탄올 첨가에 따른 Ni 기반 합금의 트라이볼로지 특성 변화에 대한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Assessment of the Methanol Addition Effect on the Tribological Characteristics of Ni-based Alloy)

  • 최준민;박상문;김영준;김성훈;김혜민;박정언;유정원;이명규;이현우;정구현
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2023
  • Currently, the demand for green technologies toward a sustainable future is rapidly increasing due to growing concern over environmental issues. Methanol is biodegradable and can provide clean combustion to reduce sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions, and therefore it is a candidate fuel for marine engines. However, the effect of methanol on tribological characteristic degradation should be addressed for methanol-fueled engines. In this study, the methanol addition effects on tribological characteristic degradation is experimentally assessed using a pin-on-disk tribo-tester. Ni-based alloy is used as a target material due to its broad applicability as an engine component material. For a lubricant, engine oil with and without methanol are used. The tests are conducted for up to 10,000 cycles under boundary lubrication while the change in friction force is monitored. Additionally, the wear rate is determined based on laser scanning confocal microscope data. An additional test in which methanol is added at regular intervals is performed with an aim to directly observe its effect on friction. Overall, the friction coefficient increases slightly with increasing methanol concentration. Furthermore, the wear rate of the pin and disk increase significantly with methanol addition. The results also indicate that the friction increases instantaneously with methanol addition at the contacting interface. These findings may be useful for better understanding the methanol effect on the tribological characteristics of Ni-based alloys for methanol-fueled engines with improved performance.

무인도에서 집쥐 개체군의 포획과 제어 - 제주 사수도의 사례 - (Control of Rattus norvegicus on Uninhabitable Islands - Case of Sasudo Island -)

  • 이준원;김가람;박선미;최성환;정영훈;오홍식
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제36권6호
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    • pp.575-581
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    • 2022
  • 본 집쥐 퇴치 계획은 대한민국 최대 슴새 번식지 및 흑비둘기 서식처로 천연기념물 제333호로 지정되어있는 제주특별자치도 소재(33°55'13.04"N, 126°38'19.98"E) 무인도서인 사수도 내 집쥐 퇴치를 위해 이루어졌다. 구제 연구는 2015년 11월부터 2021년 2월까지 총 12차례 진행되었고, 조사는 섬 전역을 천천히 배회하며 출발지점과 도착지점을 동일하게 하여 조사하는 선조사법을 이용하였다. 이 때 확인된 배설물, 터널 등 Rattus norvegicus 흔적 주변에 포획트랩을 설치하였다. 그 결과 매 차시 최소 2개체 ~ 최대 6개체가 포획되던 개체가 마지막에는 포획되지 않았다. 집쥐가 사수도에 유입된 경로는 과거 레저 및 어업을 위해 출입하는 배를 통하여 유입되었을 것으로 추정하고 있다. 2006년 집쥐로 인한 슴새의 피해가 확인된 후 철저한 경비를 통하여 사수도 출입을 엄격히 금하고 2013년 해양정화 사업과 2015년부터 지속된 포획을 통하여 구제가 성공적으로 이루어지고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 본 상태 유지 및 관리를 위해서 앞으로 새로운 집쥐의 유입을 제어하기 위하여 지속적이고 철저한 출입관리를 이어가 출입자를 엄격히 통제하는 등의 보존 관리방안이 필요하다 할 수 있다.

데이터 증강 기반의 효율적인 포이즈닝 공격 방어 기법 (Efficient Poisoning Attack Defense Techniques Based on Data Augmentation)

  • 전소은;옥지원;김민정;홍사라;박새롬;이일구
    • 융합보안논문지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2022
  • 최근 이미지 인식 및 탐지 분야에 딥러닝 기반의 기술이 도입되면서 영상 처리 산업이 활성화되고 있다. 딥러닝 기술의 발전과 함께 적대적 공격에 대한 학습 모델 취약점이 계속해서 보고되고 있지만, 학습 시점에 악의적인 데이터를 주입하는 포이즈닝 공격의 대응 방안에 대한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 종래 포이즈닝 공격의 대응 방안은 매번 학습 데이터를 검사하여 별도의 탐지 및 제거 작업을 수행해야 한다는 한계가 있었다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 포이즌 데이터에 대해 별도의 탐지 및 제거과정 없이 학습 데이터와 추론 데이터에 약간의 변형을 가함으로써 공격 성공률을 저하시키는 기법을 제안한다. 선행연구에서 제안된 클린 라벨 포이즌 공격인 원샷킬 포이즌 공격을 공격 모델로 활용하였고, 공격자의 공격 전략에 따라 일반 공격자와 지능형 공격자로 나누어 공격 성능을 확인하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면 제안하는 방어 메커니즘을 적용하면 종래 방법 대비 최대 65%의 공격 성공률을 저하시킬 수 있었다.

국내유통 채소류 및 과일류 중 다환방향족탄화수소 분석 (Determining of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in domestic vegetables and fruits)

  • 하수정;오남수;김수연;이효민
    • 분석과학
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.415-421
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    • 2006
  • 채소류 및 과일류 중 PAHs 분석방법을 확립하고 오염실태 파악을 위하여 서울, 춘천, 대전, 광주, 부산의 5대 도시 시장에서 채소류 13종, 과일류 5종 총 210건을 채취하였다. 균질화된 시료를 dichloromethane으로 초음파추출하고 탈수한 후 Sep-Pak Florisil Cartridge로 정제하여 HPLC/FLD로 동시 정량 분석하였다. 시료에 표준물질을 spike하여 전처리 후 기기분석한 결과, 각각의 PAH에 대한 회수율은 약 95~102%였으며, 검출한계는 PAH에 따라 차이는 있으나 0.002~0.5 ng/g 수준이었다. 채소류 및 과일류 중 8가지 총 PAHs의 평균 함량은 0.19 ng/g이었으며 개별 평균 PAH 함량은 benzo(a)anthracene 불검출, chrysene 0.014 ng/g, benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.031 ng/g, benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.016 ng/g, benzo(a)pyrene 0.019 ng/g, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 0.091 ng/g, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 0.016 ng/g, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 불검출 수준이었다.

조리어패류 중 다환방향족탄화수소 분석 (Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cooked fish and shellfish)

  • 허수정;박성국;진선희;최동미
    • 분석과학
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.109-117
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    • 2009
  • 조리 어패류 중 8종의 PAHs 실태파악을 위하여 어류 168건, 패류 40건을 분석하였다. 시료를 알칼리분해하여 n-hexane으로 추출하고 세척한 후 Sep-Pak Florisil Cartridge로 정제하여 HPLC/FLD로 정량 분석하였다. 각각의 PAHs에 대한 회수율은 약 88~112%였다. 조리어류에서 개별 PAH 평균 농도는 benzo(a)anthracene 불검출, chrysene 불검출, benzo(b)fluoranthene $0.0009{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(k)fluoranthene 불검출, benzo(a)pyrene $0.01{\mu}g/kg$, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 불검출, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 불검출, indeno(1,2,3-c,d) pyrene 불검출이었다. 조리패류에서 개별 PAH 평균 농도는 benzo(a)anthracene $1.84{\mu}g/kg$, chrysene $3.51{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(b)fluoranthene $0.81{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(k)fluoranthene $0.38{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(a)pyrene $0.39{\mu}g/kg$, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene $0.04{\mu}g/kg$, benzo(g,h,i)perylene $0.20{\mu}g/kg$, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 불검출이었다.