• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.540-547
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• 2009

There needs disease-predictable signs in order to enable preventive diagnosis and therapy. Then traditional Chinese medicine applies various medical diagnostic equipments used in western medicine to diagnosing sub-healthy state. But such data are not originated from inherent oriental medicine, and not obtained easily in ordinary clinical practice. This paper is to provide synopsis of the ante-disease diagno-therapeutics partly and to show predictable data based on the facial shapes and signs, especially of gall bladder's versus bladder's body and masculine versus feminine shape. Ante-disease means not only the complete healthy state, but also the state unseen any symptoms in macrographically in the course of outbreak of disease. It contains two stages, first one is the former state of disease and second one is untransmitted state of disease. The patterns of ante-disease consist of latent disease, pre-disease, transmission type like senescent syndrome, abnormal reactive syndrome(變證), syndrome of transmission and transmutation. The classification with gall bladder and bladder type manifests the differences of shape, color and size of each organ in comparison of the universal and standard figures of the human being. On the other hand, the classification with masculine and feminine shape contrasts the innate sexual difference and the shape, characteristics originated from in itself. These two classification theories have their own pathologic types and syndrome types with each disease so that disease-predictable data can be constructed based on such a relationship. In addition, this diagnostic method by facial shapes and signs is able to be applied to whole stages from prenatal to present state of disease even if the cause and inducement are not clear. Ante-disease diagno-theraputic system by Gall Bladder's versus Bladder's Body and Masculine versus Feminine Shape is getting more important in the chronic and internal disease in comparison of the acute and traumatic disease. So this study is able to make up for the limit of diagnosis on ante-disease in the field of oriental medicine clinic.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-61
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• 2007

Objective : By examining EEG status in Korean Traditional Medicine (KTM) from the viewpoint of 'form-qi theory(形氣論)', We wish to prepare for the fundamentals of applicability of KTM diagnoses to EEG. In addition, through reinterpretation of existing Western Medicine reports from the viewpoint of KTM, We tried to find out interrelationship between them. Method : In this paper, a methodology applicable to KTM diagnoses of EEG is presented from the EEG features in waveform characteristics, personalized diversity, and cognitive activity reflection. Results : Frequency bands are assigned to corresponding one of the eight trigrams in terms of yin/yang balance, which is analogous with EEG spectrum analysis mostly used in EEG quantification. The amplitude ratio of each EEG for each frequency band gives meaningful index numbers which can be used in EEG data interpretation, and every index number is named after the sixty four hexagrams. These approaches are adopted through both '4-band classification system and '6-band classification system', and applied to pre-existing reported EEG data obtained from normal adults. These analyses show that changes and distribution pattern in the index numbers are observed as a whole on both left-right line and front-back line connecting EEG measurement cephalic electrodes. And differences in distribution pattern of three index numbers deduced from '6-band classification system' are discussed according to constitution. Conclusion : The index numbers introduced here, which are the spectral power ratio for each EEG, are based on KTM yin/yang balance. These index numbers vary according to cephalic location, so its application in terms of traditional meridian theory is strongly expected. The index number distribution also shows different patterns according to constitution.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the curriculum of Chuna manual medicine (CMM)-related subjects in oriental medicine college and to let CMM have opportunities to develope current curriculum and basic circumstance for CMM. Methods: Questionnaire was obtained from 11 oriental medicine college and 1 school of Korean medicine, Pusan National University, bye-mail. If there was any insufficient information from response, we asked more information by direct call. Results and Conclusions: The findings from our study can be summarized as follows: 1. There are three CMM-related subjects, CMM, Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine (ORM) and Neuromusculoskeletology(NMS). All curriculums of 8 colleges belonged to classification I have CMM and DRM courses. Curriculums of 4 colleges belonged to classification II, have ORM or NMS course without CMM course. 2. 10 colleges of 11 ones which have ORM course, have major compulsory courses, 1 college has a major optional course. 5 colleges of 8 ones which have CMM course, have major compulsory courses, 3 colleges have major optional courses. 2 colleges have only part-time lecturers for CMM course, other 2 college have cooperation of specialized professors and part-time lecturers, another 8 colleges have only specialized professors. 3. Most CMM-related subjects is teached at 3 or 4 grade of medical course. The units taken for CMM-related subjects is minimum 4 units to maximum 8 units in total about 160 units. 4. Total class hour for CMM-related subjects is minimum 120 hours to maximum 225 hours, and practice hours is about minimum 30 hours to maximum 75 hours. 5. The systematic regulation and financial support is needed for patients to get the best CMM treatment, because the present curriculum of CMM is insufficient for carrying out the best manual therapy for patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2002

Purpose : This Study was conducted to evaluate clinical characteristic of children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and to be classified by its six subtype in the Oriental Pediatric Text Book and to find out relationship of western classification. Methods : Patients who visited Dong-Eui Oriental Medical hospital from August, 2001 to October, 2002 due to RAP were included. According to questionnaire and history taking, RAP was classified by its six subtype based on Oriental medical theory. Results : 1. Patients with RAP were more internalized, have a close relation with their parents, and have strong desires of success, but social intercourse is low. 2. 76% of Patients have a less desire to eat and 67% of Patients have a diarrhea or constipation. 3. According to questionnaire, first abdominal pain was their $3{\sim}5$ ages most, cause of occurrence was more 'eating cold foods' most, time of AP (abdominal pain) was $1{\sim}2$ hours after eating and no characteristic most, site of AP was the umbilicus most, shape of AP was impotent pain most, cause of reduce pain was abdominal massage and defection most. 4. frequency of RAP's type, AP caused by diet(食積腹痛) is 45.5%, AP caused by cold(寒腹痛) is 29.1%, AP caused by cold in internal organs of deficiency(臟腑虛冷腹痛) is 12.7%, stagnation of qi and stasis of blood(氣滯血瘀腹痛) is 10.9%, AP caused by internal diet and external cold(內食外寒腹痛) is 1.8%. There is no AP caused by parasites(蟲腹痛). 5. During clinical classifications of RAP, cause of occurrence was most important cause of reduce pian, defection practice was helpful for diagnosis, but shape of AP, site of AP was not helpful. 6. With relationship of Oriental classification and western classification, AP caused by diet is similar to dysmotilitylike dyspepsia and irriTable bowel syndrome. AP caused by cold is similar to irriTable bowel syndrome. AP caused by cold in internal organs of deficiency is similar to unspecified dyspepsia. stagnation of qi and stasis of blood and AP caused by internal diet and external cold is not like to western classification. Conclusion : RAP in Childhood is most occurred by food and cold. there is few AP caused by stagnation of qi and stasis of blood and internal diet and external cold. So the study on subclassification and clinical Manifestations of RAP in Childhood is more performed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2002

The herbal components should be transformed to bioactive compounds by the intestinal bacteria and then expressed the pharmacological action of herbal medicines. Human fecal enzyme activities related to the metabolism of herbal components were measured. The metabolic activities of puerarin, poncirin, glycyrrhizin, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rb2 to their bioactive compounds were $3.5{\pm}1.18,{\;}333.1{\pm}183.64,{\;}95.7{\pm}107.1,{\;}20.8{\pm}10.32{\;}and{\;}20.8{\pm}13.3{\;}{\mu}mo1/h/g$, respectively. The profile of these metabolic activities of glycyrrhizin and ginsenosides were not changed even if herbal extracts, water extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix and Ginseng Radix, instead of the isolated compounds were used . All the enzyme activities tested were not different between male and female, and between ages. However, the difference of these enzyme activities in individuals was significant. These results suggest that the metabolic activity of herbal components to bioactive compounds may be a factor of constitutional classification, and could be available for constitutional classifications, if the constitutional herbal medicines were used .

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of the study was to investigate the principal symptoms and a syndrome differentiation in the obesity using surveys from Oriental medical doctors and obese patients. Methods : Seventy three Oriental medical doctors who participated in the 2006 autumn annual conference of Korean Oriental Association for Study of Obesity and 243 obese patients responded to the survey. Results : Twenty nine percent of Oriental medical doctors replied that the syndrome differentiation is the most important diagnosis index, and 21 percent of them replied they use Sasang Constitution classification during diagnostic process. The syndrome differentiations used were mainly phlegm-fluid, blood stasis, spleen vacuity, food accumulation, damp phlegm, and Gi deficiency order. In the response of doctors and patients about principle symptoms of 6 syndrom differentiation belong inside 5 place except phlegm fluid and liver stasis Conclusions : We should develop syndrome differentiation questionnaire about obese symptoms.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 2008

Pulse condition is the essential division for conducting pulse diagnosis which is one of the most fundamental and important diagnostics in traditional Korean/Chinese medicine. We studied the pulse condition referred to classics of traditional medicine for a full understanding in present time and come to a conclusion like below. The reference to pulse condition was concluded to 'twenty four pulse conditions' which is the fundamental conception generally accepted in present age since it had first mentioned in "Huangdi Neijing" and after it had passed through "Nanjing", "pulse pattern identification-chapter of normal pulse"of Zhang Zhongjing and reached "Maijing"of Wang Shuhe. Although medical partitioners had different views to some extent about pulse condition, there were no significant differences in the main theoretical frame. Even though there had been a diversity of opinions on the classification of pulse-condition between various medical practitioners, the method of Dae-dae and the method of systematic endeavored by Zhou Xueting and Zhou Xuehai who were medical scholars in the Ch'ing dynasty have been a criterion for the classification of pulse-condition up to date. We were able to recognize that the change of pulse condition caused by pathological situation should be compared to physiological pulse condition for detecting the deficiency and excess by researching the analyzing methods of pulse condition mentioned in the "Lingshu", and the book of Hua Shou and Zhou Xuehai). To sum up, first normal pulse which is the physiological pulse condition should be a standard for detecting physiological pulse condition. Secondly, Zhou Xueting insisted that relaxed pulse should be a standard pulse condition for detecting normal pulse.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.115-125
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was aimed to review the trend of clinical studies in Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry since 2001 to 2010. Methods : We collected 260 clinical studies and analyzed them for publish year, sorts of disease or symptoms, pattern identification diagnosis, and classification of clinical studies. Among them, we selected 46 clinical experimental studies and these studies were further analyzed for publish year, research institution, sort of disease or symptoms, sorts of treatments, number of subject, and pattern identification diagnosis. Results : The number of clinical studies in Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry have increased since the year of 2001. There were 62 kinds of diseases and symptoms and Hwa-Byung had the highest number of studies followed by depression, headache, insomnia and so on. The clinical experimental studies, which took up 17% of the clinical studies, have increased since 2001 and was varied with year. There were 13 reserch institutions for clinical experimental studies and they studied about stress, dementia, Hwa-Byung, and so on. Most of studies researched treatment about acupuncture, herb medicine, and meditation treatment for persons under 144. There are only 22% of studies using pattern identification diagnosis. Conclusions : For the development of oriental medicine for psychiatric disease, we need more qualifying clinical studies like RCT. We hope more researchers for psychiatry disease of oriental medicine will be interested in the publication of clinical studies and this will serve to produce advance of oriental medicine as evidence based medecine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.43-57
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find the principal of the assignment of Sidong disease and Sosaeng disease(是動病 所生病) into 12 meridians and suggest the author's opinion. Methods : 1. The authors investigated the conception of Sidong disease and Sosaeng disease through several literatures. 2. The authors investigated the line course of 12 meridians(經脈流注) and their Sidong disease and Sosaeng disease. 3. The authors classified Sidong disease and Sosaeng disease following the study by Kim et al. 4. The authors suggested the opinions about the diseases that are difficult to be understood direct relation with the course of meridian. Results : 1. The result of classification of Sidong disease and Sosaeng disease into 5 shows that the percentages were 32.96% for meridian's own disease(本經病), 13.97% for organic own disease(本臟腑病), 12.85% for other organic own disease(他臟腑病), 20.67% for related organic disease(有關器官病), 19.55% for etc.(其他病). 2. Therefore, 19.55% of the whole Sidong disease and Sosaeng disease is that which occurred on the site that is not related directly with the meridian. Conclusions : 1. The exterior and interior relation(表裏關係) and mutual communication between organ and bowel(臟腑相通) are associated with the basic principal of the assignment of Sidong disease and Sosaeng disease that is not related with the course of meridian. 2. The cause of assignment of Sidong disease and Sosaeng disease can be explained according to the profound medical theories.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Objective: Various controlled vocabulary such as thesaurus and classification make us to reuse and share effectively by defining different concept and linking terms each other. The UMLS(Unified Medical Language System) is one of the most universal medical terminology systems. It is needed various methods to share and reuse information of traditional Korean medicine. We will research on method that adopt SUI of the UMLS(that is de facto standard in medical terminology system) in traditional Korean medical terminology. Method: We described major problems and applying process when we tried to add traditional Korean medicine in the part of meridian into the UMLS metathesaurus. Comparing western medical terms and traditional Korean medical terms for applying UMLS metathesaurus, there is not only many consistency, but also differences. Result: We confirmed what is the differences and consistency between western medical terms and traditional Korean medical terms. And then reviewed methods that apply the CUI, LUI, SUI in traditional Korean medical terms. Traditional Korean medical terms are not discriminated by singular or plural string. In addition, traditional Korean medical terms have vary string by initial law: the law of initial sound of a syllable. Character is described with Korean, traditional Chinese, modern Chinese, etc. According to meaning, language, initial law, SUI has a distinct value respectively. Conclusion: There are many differences to apply the UMLS between western medical terms and traditional Korean medical terms. For the better implementation to traditional Korean medicine into the UMLS, further research is needed in standardization and classification of traditional Korean medical terms, medical information system, etc. We hope this study helps the implementation UMLS, EHR, knowledge based system in Oriental medicine in the future.