• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 1990

To investigate the relationship of skeletal maturity among the normal occlusion group and each malocclusion groups, the author used hand and wrist X-ray of 133 Korean 13 year old boys (normal occlusion 30, Class I malocclusion 35, Class II malocclusion 35 and Class III malocclusion 33) and assessed their skeletal maturity. In this study, fourteen skeletal maturity stages were selected from; Radius, Hamate, Pisiform, Ulnar sesamoid of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the first thumb, proximal phalanges of the first, second and third finger, middle and distal phalanx of the third finger. The difference of skeletal maturity of each malocclusion groups in relative to normal occlusion group and that of each malocclusion groups were analyzed. The findings of this study can be summerized as follows: 1. Average skeletal maturity stage of each groups were MP3cap stage in normal occlusion group, H-2 stage in Class I malocclusion group, midstage between S and H-2 stage in Class II malocclusion group, MP3cap stage in Class III malocclusion group. 2. There was no significant difference in skeletal maturity of Class I malocclusion and Class III malocclusion groups in relative to normal occlusion group. 3. There was significant retardation of skeletal maturity in Class II malocclusion group in relative to normal occlusion group. 4. There was no significant difference in skeletal maturity between Class I and Class II malocclusion groups. 5. There was no significant difference in skeletal maturity between Class I and Class III malocclusion groups. 6. There was significant retardation of skeletal maturity in Class II malocclusion group in relative to Class III malocclusion group.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.107-118
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• 1986

This study was designed to investigate the variation of mandibular pattern and cranial base and their association in the craniofacial malocclusion. The material was the 165 cephalometric radiographs taken from craniofacial malocclusion. The sample was devided into two groups by age child group aged from 10 to 13 years and adult group aged over 18 years, and each group was devided into 3 types of malocclusion; class I, Class II div. 1 and Class III malocclusion. Child group consist of 35 samples and adult group consist of 20 samples in each malocclusion type. Various angular and linear measurements on the cephalometric radiographs were recorded and statistically analyzed. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The cranial base angle was largest in Class II div. 1 malocclusion and smallest in Class III malocclusion 2. The anterior cranial base length was largest in Class II div. 1 malocclusion but posterior cranial base length did not show statistical difference. 3. The mandibular body length of Class III malocclusion was larger than those of Class I and Class II div. 1 malocclusion in the adult group but did not shown difference in the child group. The ramus height of Class III malocclusion was larger than those of Class I and Class II div. 1 malocclusion in the child and adult group, but there were no difference between Class I and Class II div. 1 malocclusion. 4. The mandibular position was showed low correlation with the cranial base angele.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 1985

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in soft tissue characteristics according to the dental or skeletal dysplasia. For this purpose, lateral cephalogram of 153 children (Hellman dental age IIIB: control group 32, Angle CIII. div. 1 malocclusion group 55, Angle Cl III group 66) were traced and measured. For these measurements, following conclusions were made. 1. FH A, FH Sn, FH UL, AA' of the Class III group were thicker than those of the normal and Class II group, but FH B, FH LL, BB' of the Class III group were not significantly different from those of the normal group. 2. FH B, FH LL, BB' of the Class II group were thicker than those of the normal and Class III group, but FH A, FH Sn, FH UL, AA' of the Class II group were not significantly different from those of the noraml group. 3. Ans-Sn, FH P were not significantly different in three groups, while PP' of the Class III group was thicker than those of the other groups. 4. The lower lips of the Class II group were more anterioly everted with respect to the lower incisor inclination than those of the other groups. 5. The severity of skeletal dysplasia was partly camouflaged by the soft tissue.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal dimensions of individuals with skeletal class II, division 1 and division 2 patterns during the pre-peak, peak, and post-peak growth periods for comparison with a skeletal class I control group. Materials and Methods: Totally 124 lateral cephalograms (47 for skeletal class I; 45 for skeletal class II, division 1; and 32 for skeletal class II, division 2) in pre-peak, peak, and post-peak growth periods were selected from the department archives. Thirteen landmarks, 4 angular and 4 linear measurements, and 4 proportional calculations were obtained. The ANOVA and Duncan test were applied to compare the differences among the study groups during the growth periods. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the skeletal class II, division 2 group and other groups for the gonion-gnathion/sella-nasion angle. The sella-nasion-B-point angle was different among the groups, while the A-point-nasion-B-point angle was significantly different for all 3 groups. The nasopharyngeal airway space showed a statistically significant difference among the groups throughout the growth periods. The interaction among the growth periods and study groups was statistically significant regarding the upper oropharyngeal airway space measurement. The lower oropharyngeal airway space measurement showed a statistically significant difference among the groups, with the smallest dimension observed in the skeletal class II, division 2 group. Conclusion: The naso-oropharyngeal airway dimensions showed a statistically significant difference among the class II, division 1; class II, division 2; and class I groups during different growth periods.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1980

This study was based on the study models of 32 subjects with normal occlusion, 40 with Class I malocclusion, 32 with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and 38 with Class III malocclusion, aged 12 to 20 years (mean age 16.4 years). The purpose of present study was to define the difference between normal and malocclusion groups in maxillary dental arch and palate. On the basis of findings of this study, the following results were obtained. 1. The intermolar widths and the intercanine widths in Class II, Div. 1 malocclusion group were smaller than in normal occlusion group significantly. 2. The arch lengths measured in both Class I and Class II, Div.1 malocclusion groups were larger than in normal occlusion group. 3. The palates in Class I and Class II, Div. 1 malocclusion groups were longer and narrower than in normal occlusion, but the palates in Class III malocclusion group were shorter than in normal occlusion group significantly. 4. The palatal depths measured at level 1 in Class III malocclusion group were significantly higher than in normal occlusion and in Class II, Div. 1 group they were significantly higher than in normal occlusion at level 2 and 3. 5. The measurements of palatal areas at various levels showed no significant difference between malocclusion and normal occlusion groups. 6. The palatal indies 1 (palatal length / palatal width) measured in both Class I and Class II, Div. 1 malocclusion groups were significantly greater than in normal occlusion and the palatal indice 2 (palatal depth at level 1/palatal width) measured in all malocclusion groups are greater than in normal occlusion. 7. It was determined from findings of this study that the measurements of maxillary dental arch and palate were influenced to a considerable extent by the molar relationship.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.255-268
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 II급 부정교합자의 교합평면의 형태적 특징을 관찰하고, 안면의 수직고경과 연관지어 정상교합군과 비교하여 교합평면의 발현에 영향을 미치는 골격성, 치성요인의 기여정도를 알아보고자 했다. 성장과 연령군의 변이를 배제하기 위해 성장이 완료된 성인만을 연구대상으로 정하였다. 정상교합자 50명과 서울대학교 치과진료부 교정과에 내원한 50명의 Angle class II 환자의 측모 두부방사선 계측사진분석을 통하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. II급 부정교합자군에서 정상군보다 유의하게 크게 관찰된 교합평면의 경사도는 다음과 같다. ; SN-FOP, FH-BOP, MP-BOP, AB-BOP, AB-FOP, Facial plane-BOP, FP-FOP 2. II급 부정교합자군에서는 정상군에 비해 후안면 고경, 특히 후하안면고경이 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 교합평면과 상하악 전치가 이루는 각은 II급 부정교합군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 컸고, 대구치와 이루는 각은 상악 대구치와 해부학적 교합평면이 이루는 각만이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 4. 교합평면의 위치를 결정하는 요소중에서 하악절치에서 하악평면에 이르는 거리만이 II급 부정교합군에서 유의하게 컸다. 5. III급 부정교합군에서는 수직피개도와 교합평면 경사도의 상관관계가 존재하지만, 정상 교합군에서는 수직피개도와 교합평면 경사도간에 상관관계가 존재하지 않았다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.141-154
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• 1988

This study was designed to investigate the difference between craniofacial characteristics of the normal occlusion and those of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion. The sample was divided into 2 groups, the 50 subjects of Normal occlusion, the 50 subjects of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion in both sexes. Both groups aged from 11 to 14 years. The results of this study were as follows; 1. No significant difference was observed in cranial base shape between both groups, but anterior cranial base size of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion group was larger than that of normal group. 2. No significant difference in antero-posterior position of Maxilla to cranial base was founded between both groups. 3. No difference in Mandibular shapes and Mandibular plane angles to the cranial base was observed between Class II Div. 1 malocclusion and normal occlusion, but Mandibular position in Class II Div. 1 malocclusion was posterior to that of normal group. 4. Antero-posterior relationship of Maxilla and Mandible was significant difference between both groups, but vertical relationship of those was no difference. 5. Maxillary incisor position to cranial base of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion was anteior to normal occlusion, and Maxillary posterior teeth was posterior. Mandibular incisor and mandibular posterior teeth position was no difference. 6. Upper and lower lip position to esthetic line of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion was anterior to normal occlusion.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.299-310
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• 1995

이 연구의 목적은 교정치료시 제2대구치의 위치변화를 알아보기 위함이다. 이를 위하여 제1대구치까지 banding하여 교정치료를 완료한 성인환자 64명을 Class I 발치군 15명, Class I 비발치군 12명, Class II 13명, Class III 14명으로 4개의 군으로 분류하고 치료전후의 두부방사선 계측사진을 분석하였다. 이 연구로부터 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Class I 발치군에서 하악 제2대구치는 제1대구치보다 적은 정출과 더 많은 원심경사를 보였고, 상악 제2대구치는 제1대구치와 유사한 정출과 근심경사를 보였다. 2. Class I 발치군에서 하악 제2대구치는 제1대구치에 비해 함입되고 유사한 원심경사를 보였으며, 상악 제2대구치는 제1대구치와 비슷하게 정출되었다. 3. Class II군에서 하악 제2대구치는 제1대구치에 비해 적은 정출을 보였고, 상악 제2대구치는 제1대구치보다 많은 정출을 보였다. 4. Class III군에서 하악 제2대구치는 제1대구치와 유사한 정출과 더 많은 원심경사를 보였으며, 상악 제2대구치는 제1대구치에 비해 적은 정출을 보였다. 5. 제2대구치 위치변화에 대한 각 군간의 비교시 FH plane에서 상악 제2대구치 치근 분기점까지 거리 변화는 Class I 발치군과 Class II, Class I 발치군과 Class III군에서 차이를 보였으며, 구개평면과 교합평면에 대한 상악 제2대구치의 각도 변화는 Class I 발치군과 Class III군에서 차이를 보였으며, 하악평면에 하악 제2대구치 치근분기점까지 거리변화는 Class I 발치군과 비발치군, Class I 비발치군과 Class II군, Class I 비발치군과 Class III군에서 차이를 보였으며, 하악 평면과 교합평면에 대한 하악 제2대구치의 각도 변화는 각 군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate lower incisor position and bony support between patients with Class II average- and high-angle malocclusions and compare with the patients presenting Class I malocclusions. Methods: CBCT records of 79 patients were divided into 2 groups according to sagittal jaw relationships: Class I and II. Each group was further divided into average- and high-angle subgroups. Six angular and 6 linear measurements were performed. Independent samples t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn post-hoc tests were performed for statistical comparisons. Results: Labial alveolar bone thickness was significantly higher in Class I group compared to Class II group (p = 0.003). Lingual alveolar bone angle (p = 0.004), lower incisor protrusion (p = 0.007) and proclination (p = 0.046) were greatest in Class II average-angle patients. Spongious bone was thinner (p = 0.016) and root apex was closer to the labial cortex in high-angle subgroups when compared to the Class II average-angle subgroup (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Mandibular anterior bony support and lower incisor position were different between average- and high-angle Class II patients. Clinicians should be aware that the range of lower incisor movement in high-angle Class II patients is limited compared to average- angle Class II patients.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.391-403
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• 1993

For the purpose of investigating mesiodistal axial inclination of posterior teeth in normal occlusion group, open bite and deep bite group and investigating the correlationship between the axial inclination of posterior teeth and overbite of anterior teeth, a cephalometric study was performed on the subjects consisted of normal occlusion group(40), open bite group(71 : Angle's Class I, Class II, division 1 25, Class III 25) and deep bite group(64 : Angle's Class I 23, Class II, division 1 21, Class III 20). Mesiodistal axial inclination of posterior teeth to occlusal, mandibular and palatal plane were measured. The findings of this study were as follows : 1. Upper and lower posterior teeth were more mesially inclined to occlusal plane in open bite group than in deep bite group. 2. Lower posterior teeth were more mesially inclined in deep bite group than in open bite group in Angle's Class II, division 1 malocclusion but there were no significant differences in Angle's Class I and Class III malocclusion. 3. There was no significant correlationship between the axial inclination of posterior teeth to each plane and overbite of anterior teeth in open bite group. 4. There was a significant correlationship between the axial inclination of upeer and lower second premolar to occlusal plane and overbite of anterior teeth in Angle's Class I, Class II, division 1 and Class III malocclusion.