• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.77
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• pp.75-107
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• 2023

In recent discussions on civil records, the term citizen records is being used instead of civil records. It is necessary to analyze the implications of using the term 'citizen record' instead of the term 'civil record'. Specifically, this paper examines how various words, including min, are understood and used in modern Korean politics and society, and the conceptual changes in relation to social changes in Korean society, so that we can name them civil records rather than civilian records. We want to find out the conceptual implications of what we do. To this end, first, we understand the concept of citizen as a historical contrast to the people, and second, we examine the meaning of citizen record management as part of citizenship. Furthermore, from the perspective of associational civic movements, we will look at village development and community movements, and consider the political and social meanings of civic records produced by citizens in their daily lives through these activities.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.291-315
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• 2016

This paper analyzed experientially political conducts of the political players on privitization of healthcare service and public healthcare sercive aftrer the democratization in order to determine the influence of democracy on the development of a welfare state. For this purpose, the contents of the major daily newspaper reports from 1993 to 2012 were analyzed. As a result of such analysis, it was found that the political parties did not drive the policy even after the democratization reflecting the demands of the people, political parties had a strong conservative stance and did not show a consistent ideological inclination in their policies. Second, even though the role of the civic movement in the public healthcare service issue became larger after the democratization, policy decisions were driven by the government in an authoritative manner. In addition, the degree of contribution by the civic movements to the development of public healthcare service did not offset the influence of the president and the finance ministry on the development of privatization. Third, both the development of public healthcare service and privatization progressed simultaneously under the Kim Dae Jung, Rho Mu Hyun and Lee Myung Bak administrations after the democratization and it is thus difficult to argue that the qualitative nature as a welfare state was changed after the democratization. However, the degree of development as a welfare state differed depending on the ideological inclination of the presidents, the capacity of the welfare ministry and the ministry that drove the privatization.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

Biotechnology is certainly one of the major landmarks in the 20th century history of science. It may produce enormous utility to human beings, but at the same time, it carries huge potential risks to the environment and public health. Thus, with a view to securing safety for the environment and public health in relation to the development and use of living modified organisms (LMOs), the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was adopted, in which a regulation Procedure as to the transboundary movements, transportation, handling, and use of LMOs were drawn up. In order to prepare for the entry into force of the Protocol, the Republic of Korea legislated the "Act on the Transboundary Movements of living modified organisms(hereinafter referred as the 'Act')" in Mar 2001, and has pre-announced the enactments of the enforcement ordinance and the enforcement regulation to the Act. Pursuant to the Act, the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, as a Competent National Authority, is making efforts to implement domestic biosafety schemes in cooperation with other bio-related government ministries. In order for these efforts to reap fruits, industry, academia, and research institutions should cooperate with one another, and civic groups and NGOs should narrow the differences in opinions and timely respond to the fast-changing situations. Focusing on the precautionary principle, the Protocol puts a great emphasis on the importance of information sharing amongst countries, and the Act also follows this principle. In order to gurantee biosafety, countries around the world, including the ROK, agreed to establish National Biosafety Clearing, designed to provide the information on the export/import of LMOs, R'||'&'||'Ds, risk assessment, safety control, etc. and register it on the CBD Central Biosafety Clearing House.e.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1141-1155
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• 2022

Multicultural education is not about learning about a specific ethnic group, but rather developing the ability to cross the border of one's own culture and have conversations with people of other cultures. I think the purpose is to promote empathy and consideration. This study emphasizes the importance of developing multi-dimensional educational programs for all members of society for multicultural social integration, and it is necessary to lead personal, social and civic action movements to create a fair society through media-based multicultural literacy education. said that In order to achieve harmony and integration in a multicultural society, it is the most important to acknowledge cultural diversity and to discard cultural prejudices and inequalities for symbiosis between the mainstream culture and the minority culture. In particular, the United States and Germany, which have successfully led multicultural social integration, are comprehensive in all areas, including interculturalism based on peaceful coexistence and respect, labor market issues, vocational education issues, housing and health issues, and communication issues through media literacy. He led a multicultural national integration system with approaches and methods. Therefore, our multicultural education policy should also pursue a new paradigm that presupposes a change in the public's awareness of a multicultural society.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.15
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• pp.7-30
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• 2013

This is a study on the ecological view of Robert Smithson's reclamation projects. Smithson was a pioneer of Earth art in the late 1960's. Robert Smithson believed that he could transform industrial wastelands, such as an abandoned oil rig and a no longer used quarry, into "Earth Art." In the early seventies, he conceived of land reclamation as a new art form and called this art "Reclamation Projects." His attention regarding industrial ruin started from the American political and social situations in the 1960's. In the late 1960's, American society was in chaos from the right of movement of African Americans, the women's rights movement and from the strike for renunciation of the Vietnam War. The intellectual class seemed to believe that it was the destiny of a closed system's society to run in the direction of entropy. Smithson, who was skeptical about the system of American society, also thought that entropy was the proper diagnosis to describe America's situation in the 1960's. The 1960's civic movements like the civil rights movement and antiwar movements expanded into the environmental movements based on ecological views of the 1970's. The government had also started to worry about environmental pollution. Thus, the reclamation act was also established in 1972. Smithson believed that the relation between art and social background are closely related and affect each other. He was concerned with how art can join society, and the result was reclamation projects. Such reclamation projects lie on man-made wastelands, like abandoned oil rigs and no longer used quarries, which was an allegory of entropy. He also thought that Frederick Law Olmsted was a pioneer of earth art. The aesthetic category of Olmsted's view of landscape is to be based on the picturesque of Uvedale Price and William Gilpin. So Smithson, who considered Olmsted as his touchstone, also accepted the picturesque. Such reclamation projects aim to change with nature by adapting the creative power of artists to the ruin which has the highest level of entropy in industrial society. Smithson wanted this to become the bridge between man and nature. His reclamation project's aim, which shows the system interacting between man and nature as a network, is not different from the ecological view of the 1970's environmental movement.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.22
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• pp.37-76
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• 2009

This paper aims-through comparative research on two organizations and use of political process theory-to analyze the historical development of, current issues related to and the characteristics of the new transformation of the Freedom of Information Movements (FOIMs) in South Korea. In the ten years since the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) took effect in 1998, Korean FOIMs have developed along the following course: 'emergence' (1998), 'expansion and extension' (1999-2004), 'institutionalization and retro-institutionalization-' (2005-2008). Specifically, in the early stage of FOIMs, the Freedom of Information (FOI) department of the People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy, established in 1998, had led the FOI movement by initiating reform of the FOI institution and advocating an end to old practices. Paradoxically, however, following the institutional progress of FOI under the Roh Moo Hyun government, the vitality of FOIMs seemed to be weakening. And under the Lee Myung Bak government, which is showing regression in both the FOI institution and practices, the 'dual transformation' of the FOIMs is being led not by old groups but by new ones. The Center for Freedom of Information and Transparent Society(CFOI), which was founded in 2008, has journalists, researchers of archival studies, citizens, lawyers and nongovernmental activists as members. Through its blog style Homepage, countless reports are becoming "open to the public" and "share with the public." And its various civic education programs are interactive bridges which enable mutual communication between the Center and citizens. CFOI is expanding the FOI movement in different ways than the traditional activists such as the FOI department of the PSPD department, which worked through methods such as policy proposals, disclosing information litigation, comments and public statements, and hosting forums. CFOI is leading the 'dual process of transformation' of FOIMs, namely the transformation from an 'advocacy' movement to an 'empowerment' movement and transformation of the FOI movement's framework from "open to the public" to "share with the public."

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 2011

Recently, the public's interest in quality of life and good design has increased, and the opportunities for their participation in space planning and the design process are expanding. However, the public still lacks understanding of the role(and importance) of space and environment and is not experienced in expressing their opinion on improving the urban environment. At this point, 'Built Environment Education for Kids' will be the key to understanding space and environment as future citizens and to developing the ability of problem-solving and expressing their opinions. This study aims to change the awareness of the public as well as experts, and to make a better urban space through comparison and analysis of domestic and foreign 'Built Environment Education.' In 27 countries around the world(more than 110 institutions), 'Built Environment Education' from childhood is being implemented. Such movements aim to make people participate in the space design and decision-making process by understanding a fundamental element of the built environment and space perception. In this study, the United States, Britain, Finland, Japan and South Korea's 'Built Environment Education' are discussed Above all, the definition, range and target of 'Built Environment Education' are discussed For each case, the purpose and effect, laws and educational processes, systems and roles, and examples of programs are analyzed. Through reviewing each attribute and their implications, a conclusion is drawn on the aspects we have to consider in laying the foundation for implementing the 'Built Environment Education' in Korea, such as consideration of the locality, organizing systematic networks and composing a pool of experts, building proper institutions, and establishing the role of the government. This case study of 'Built Environment Education' can help increase the awareness of the public and build their strength in establishing a better future space. Through the analysis of the purpose, laws, systems, and contents, this case study is expected to provide and build the foundation for an educational system and develop an appropriate program that best suits our society.