• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

The present research aimed at researching the relationships among place attachment, residential evaluations and satisfaction in a medium-sized post-communist Romanian city. Studies on post-communist cities are scarce and this research tried to fill that gap. This research is part of a government project that intended to significantly reform three medium-sized cities in the Western part of Romania and transform the urban space. Since the three of them are relatively small-sized and close spatially, the project intends to undertake massive reforms of the communications and services of the three cities. In this article, we report findings on the city of Hunedoara. A representative random sample was selected, and a total of 384 people were interviewed, with an overall reliability of the sample of 95%. The instruments used to gather the data were the Neighbourhood Perceived Environmental Quality Scale and a composite measure of place attachment was also included. The structure of each scale was checked using exploratory factor analysis. We tested alternative causal models using structural equations modelling. Our model showed a good fit to the data and explains satisfaction in the city adequately. Results show that satisfaction is directly predicted by the general evaluation of the city and by residential privacy. Residential noise and place attachment influence satisfaction indirectly. The results are discussed and some policy recommendations are formulated.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 1998

A study on skin care was conducted in order to develop proper skin care program and disseminate the Information to the consumers. The study was performed from October 2, 1997 though April 30 1997 by using questionnaires. The subjects were 1,793 from lug cities of Seoul, Pusan and, and 800 from medium and small cities of Kyongsan, Kimchon, Mokpo and KimHae cities. All subjects were females over 20 years. 1. 64.3% of the subjects said that they chose the massage packs after considering their skin condition. 55.1% of the subjects said that they did not know the side effects of the massage packs. 2. 53.3% of the subjects reported that they knew the cause of acne. and 73.3% of the respondents reported that they knew the nature of their body classified by oriental medicine. 3. The average knowledge and attitude was 10.61 :t3.46%( who it is converted to percent, it is 53.1%). The upper limit was 18.9% and lower limit was 19.0%. 4. The factors which are under the influence on knowledge of skin care were the times of massage, education level, the height of subjects, disease of skin, age, the degree of fatty body, the hour of make-up(R2=0.137). 5. The factors which are under the influence on the times of massage were education level, the experience of skin side effect, the status of physic8I health and the birth place of the subjects(R2=0.139). 6. The main factors which had significant effect on the status of face skin health were the status of physical health, economic status, age, the side effect of skin cosmetic, and the hour of make-up(R2=0.140). 7. Finally, it is recommended that training package on side effect of cosmetics, massage, physical characteristics and proper way of make-ups, and the public should be educated on the above mentioned areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.10
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• pp.42-54
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• 2011

The study was focused on surveying the cultural identity and the origin of T-shirts, and examining their functions. Six cities were selected to categorize the design motifs of cultural identity appearing in the design of contemporary T-shirts. These cities include a city in France, United Kingdom, Italy, United States and Japan where collections are currently presented at, and also a city in China that has shown a high economic growth as one of the most popular sightseeing cities. Cultural identity was presented in the T-shirts that were examined in this study through diversified design motifs. Motifs used in T-shirt designs to reflect cultural identity included national flags, notable places, letters, names of geographic places, and individuals. A national flag is a motif that signifies national identity and it was used in the front of T-shirts as it is or was just partially used. Also, many world-renowned structures or architectural buildings were applied to T-shirt design. Noted places such as the White House, the Statue of Liberty in the U.S., Tienanmen Square in China and the Eiffel Tower in France were used. The unique characters of language, such as Hangeul in Korea were used as design elements to reflect the structural characteristics of letters. Names of geographic places were used as design elements through the disclosure of the name of a symbolic city or a tourist site in each country. In terms of figures, not only the historical figures or celebrities from each country were used, but the image of bodies and faces that represent each culture were used as well. In addition, this study was used to develop T-shirt designs that reveal the cultural identity of Korea.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.32-40
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• 2020

In order to establish a special school considering the rights of disabled students to receive education and the principle of fair regional placement, this study identified the deviation of regional maintenance status of special education facilities and analyzed and examined their characteristics to provide desirable basic data for the establishment of facilities in the future. As a research method, the main status and maintenance index for each region were calculated based on the status of each special education subject and the disability area by using the statistics and facility data of the Ministry of Education, Special Education Policy Division, and the Ministry of Education of each province. According to the analysis results, large cities tended to rely on special classes and general classes due to the lack of facilities at special schools, and local cities showed uneven results for each disability area and supplemented the system lacking special education support centers. In overall evaluation, special education facilities have not yet been leveled across the country.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.197-207
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and characteristics of visiting nurses' management for elders with cognitive impairment living in a community focused on health centers in a metropolitan city and five medium-sized cities. Methods: Data were collected from 47 visiting nurses working in a metropolitan city and 47 visiting nurses working in five medium-sized cities from November to December 2012. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and nursing behaviors of cognitive impairment between two groups (F=2.13, p=.148; F=3.64, p=.060; F=0.28, p=.595). Among the elders referred to a physician in a metropolitan city by visiting nurses, 42.4% were diagnosed as mild cognitive impairment and 15.2% were diagnosed as severe dementia. The major intervention programs which visiting nurses currently applied for elders were medication and exercise intervention programs, and the intervention programs which they would want to apply in the future were playing, music and recall intervention programs. Conclusion: The cognitive impairment screening test can be done effectively by visiting nurses. This study also suggests to develop various kinds of intervention programs to improve cognitive function for elders living in a community.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2011

Seoul, although having a housing stock as huge as that of world metropolitan cities, have implemented growth-oriented policies by constructing new housing units rather than using or rehabilitating existing ones. There were, therefore, few political efforts to preserve and rehabilitate multiple dwellings. Today, substantial time has passed since multiple dwellings in Seoul and the first-stage new cities such as Bundang and Ilsan were constructed. What is required to maintain the quality of the existing housing and use it with safety is loan, subsidy and tax incentive programs which are able to promote the maintenance of existing multiple dwellings. The objective of this study is to compare and analyze the maintenance systems of financial assistance(the loan, subsidy and tax incentive programs)of the world's largest cities with various housing types, I e New York and Tokyo, and then to propose to Seoul a framework for the maintenance systems.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.408-420
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• 2006

The present study purposed to examine the possibility of developing historicity inherent in places into tourism resources from the view that the history and location of historical cities have the nature of cultural contents. Previous researches on tourism have been focused on tourist facilities, the development of tourist attractions, economic effects, cultural policies, etc. However, the present study makes a cultural approach to historical cities to explore the meaning of places formed through history and the historicity of places, assuming that the temporal and spatial characteristics of Hanseong-bu can be developed into tourism resources. Major places of Hanseong-bu are classified according to their functions and cultural meanings, and these factors are associated with the geographical structure of the area. By landform and cultural characteristics during the Chosun Dynasty, Hanseong-bu is divided into the central part, the boundary area, and the outskirts. In addition, different elements, which can be developed into tourism resources, are found according to the landscape of Hanseong-bu, the character as a dynastic city, the environs inside the wall, and differences among localities reflecting pre-modem lifestyle.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.331-352
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• 2016

This paper pays attention to the fact that not only Gangnam but also cities outside Seoul that attempt to follow the Gangnam model are deeply involved in Korean developmental urbanism. It examines discursive materials such as newspaper articles, newspaper advertisements and online debates as significant sources of information showing how certain districts are materially and discursively constructed by diverse actors in the national capital and in other cities. The result of in-depth interviews lasting up to two hours reveals local residents' imagined geographies. The article emphasizes that the so-called "Gangnam problem" should be understood as existing beyond the physical, symbolic and administrative boundaries of Gangnam, in cities that follow the Gangnam model. This study helps to provide an epistemological foundation for more equitable, sustainable and de-developmental urbanism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Smart City is a sustainable city that provides a variety of city services to cities that are built with a mix of construction, information and communication technologies, etc. to improve the competitiveness and quality of life of the city. In this paper, we analyze trends of domestic and foreign smart cities and the smart city organization of local governments, and describe the direction of local government's smart city organization system to realize sustainable smart city.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.259-268
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• 2018

Due to the development of cities and the increase of vehicles, effective control of parking space management service in cities is needed. However, the existing parking lot management system does not provide limited or convenient service in terms of space and time. In this paper, we propose distributed parking space management service based on large scale LPWA (Low-Power Wide-Area). The parking sensor collects parking space information from the parking lot and is transmitted over a low-power wide network. All parking data is processed and analyzed in the IoT cloud. Through a parking space management service system in all cities, users are given the temporal convenience of determining the parking space and the area efficiency of the parking space.