• Applied Microscopy
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2009

뒤쥐(Sorex caecutiens) 혀유두의 형태적 특징을 알아보기 위해 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 혀유두는 실유두, 버섯유두 그리고 성곽유두의 세 가지 유형으로 관찰되었다. 실유두는 혀측면을 제외하고는 혀의 전역에 걸쳐 분포하고 있었으며, 형태와 구조적 특징을 기초로 하여 세 가지의 유형으로 구분되어졌다. 다수의 버섯유두는 혀 전체에 걸쳐 분포하였으며, 특히 혀의 양 측면에 걸쳐 존재하고 있었으며, 혀의 앞쪽보다는 뒤쪽으로 갈수록 크기가 더 컸었다. 버섯유두는 쌍을 이루며 분포하지는 않았지만, 대부분 일정하게 분포하였다. 큰 2개의 성곽유두는 혀의 후방부의 끝 가까이에 존재하고 있었다. 성곽유두는 바깥쪽(측면)이 두꺼운 두겹의 pad가 둥글게 둘러싸고 있었으며, 중앙에는 2개 혹은 3개 정도의 돌출된 둥글게 둘러싼 pad가 존재하고 있었다. 본 연구 종은 일반적인 뒤쥐류에서 볼 수 있는 혀의 형태와 거의 흡사한 구조를 가지고 있었음을 알 수가 있었다. 본 연구에서 성곽유두는 Sorex 종과는 차이가 있었다. 즉, 박쥐류와 Sorex 종에서와 같이 바깥쪽의 pad가 환상의 형태를 취하고 있다는 점에서는 동일하나 박쥐류와 Sorex 종의 경우는 바깥쪽의 pad가 한 겹인데 반해 본 연구 종은 두 겹의 환상 구조를 취하고 있다는 점에서 차이가 있었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2011

The present study demonstrates the first-ever characterization of cell types that express the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) in the taste buds of rat circumvallate papillae. We performed electron microscopy to identify the subcellular location. The VR1 immunoreactivity was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic vesicles, and plasma membrane of taste cells. These results demonstrate the localization of the VR1 in membranous structures of the taste cells. We used double immunofluorescence histochemistry with taste cell type-specific markers to identify the cell types that express the VR1. The VR1 was detected in all functional taste cell types (Type I, Type II, and Type III cells). Together, our data suggest that the VR1 might play different roles according to the cell types within a taste bud.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2009

주사전자현미경을 이용하여 한국산 긴가락박쥐(Miniopterus schreibersi fuliginosus)와 검은집박쥐(Pipistrellus savii)의 혀유두의 형태를 관찰하였다. 본 연구에서 두 종 모두 세 가지의 혀유두, 즉, 실유두, 버섯유두 그리고 성곽유두가 관찰되었다. 실유두는 다시 두 종류로 세분화되어졌으며, 침상의 돌기물을 갖는 유형1은 혀의 전반부의 1/2 지점까지 분포하며, 유형2는 밋밋하고 두꺼운 돌기물을 갖고 있으며 혀의 후반부의 1/2에 분포한다. 두 종 모두 35~45개의 버섯유두가 혀의 표면에서 관찰된다. 이들 버섯유두는 혀의 측면과 혀의 전반과 후반부의 끝 쪽에서 나타난다. 두 종의 버섯유두는 각각 두 개 혹은 세 개의 매우 큰 유두로 혀의 후반부 중앙에 일직선으로 배열되어 있다. 두 개의 성곽유두는 혀의 후반부 끝쪽 가까이에 분포하고 있다. 이들 성곽유두는 크고 둥글며 각각은 두 층의 pad를 갖고 있다. 긴가락박쥐와 검은집박쥐의 혀유두의 전체적인 형태는 다른 익수류와 유사하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 두 종 사이에 드물지만 주목할 만한 차이점이 실유두와 버섯유두에서 나타났다. 검은집박쥐와는 달리 긴가락박쥐의 유형2의 실유두는 두 개 혹은 세 개의 돌기를 가지고 있었다. 혀의 후반부 중앙에 위치하고 있는 큰 버섯유두의 경우, 긴가락박쥐에서는 3개, 검은집박쥐에서는 단지 2개만 관찰되었다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2016

The tongue has 4 kinds of papillae, which are filiform, fungiform (FU), foliate (FO) and circumvallate papilla (CV). Tongue papillae except filiform papilla include taste buds. The papillae differ in taste sensitivities, likely due to differential expression of taste receptors. In this study, we evaluated differences in the expression levels of taste receptors in FU, FO and CV. Male DBA2 mice, 42-60 days old, were used in the study. Messenger RNAs were extracted from the murine epithelial tissues including FU, FO and CV. Cloned DNAs were synthesized by reverse transcription. Quantitative PCRs (qPCRs) were performed to determine mRNA expression levels of taste receptors. Results of qPCR revealed that the relative expression levels and patterns were different among FU, FO and CV. All three type 1 taste receptors were expressed FU, FO and CV at varying relative expression levels. All 35 kinds of type 2 taste receptors showed higher expression in FO and CV than in FU. Tas2r108 and Tas2r137 showed the two highest expression levels in all tested papillae. The differential expression levels and patterns of taste receptors among the three papillae could contribute to the different physiological sensitivities by tongue areas. Additional studies such as in situ hybridization or taste receptor cell activity recording is necessary to elucidate the functional relationship between expression levels of taste receptors and taste sensitivity.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.318-322
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• 1997

Lingual thyroid is the term applied to a mass of ectopic thyroid tissue located on the base of the tongue in the midline. It may be found anywhere between the circumvallate papillae and the epiglottis. It is believed to be caused by developmental anomalies involving the descent of the embryologic gland anlage from its position posterior to the tuberculum impar to its normal pretracheal location between week 3 and week 7 of embryologic development. Differential diagnosis of the lingual thyroid would include lingual tonsillar hypertrophy, vallecular cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, epidermal cyst, lymphoma. Lingual thyroid is found in approximately 1 in 100,000 people, and affected individuals have no other thyroid tissue in 70% to 100% of cases. Recently, we have experienced a case of lingual thyroid with mild dysphagia in a 48-year-old male. Now we report the case with literature review.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2006

Von Ebner's glands (vEG) are minor salivary glands associated with circumvallate and foliate papilla. The secretions of vEG consist of microenvironment of the taste buds in the circumvallate and foliate papillae, and thus saliva from vEG plays a role in the perception of taste. The $Ca^{2+}$ signaling system in rat vEG acinar cell was examined using the $Ca^{2+}$-sensitive fluorescent indicator Fura-2. Agonist-induced increase in intracellular $Ca^{2+}\;([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ was stimulated by carbachol (CCh) and substance P (SP), but not by norepinephrine (NE), and recovered to control levels by their receptor antagonists dose-dependently. The effects were also observed in $Ca^{2+}$-free medium, suggesting mobilization from intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ store. These results in the vEG acinar cell indicate that 1) $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ is at least regulated by muscarinic and neurokininergic (NK1) receptors; 2) the increases in $[Ca^{2+}])i$ activated by CCh and SP are mainly mediated by discharge of cytosolic calcium pool.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2009

Glutamate-induced cobalt uptake reveals that non-NMDA glutamate receptors (GluRs) are present in rat taste bud cells. Previous studies involving glutamate induced cobalt staining suggest this uptake mainly occurs via kainate type GluRs. It is not known which of the 4 types of taste bud cells express subunits of kainate GluR. Circumvallate and foliate papillae of Sprague-Dawley rats (45~60 days old) were used to search for the mRNAs of subunits of non-NMDA GluRs using RT-PCR with specific primers for GluR1-7, KA1 and KA2. We also performed RT-PCR for GluR5, KA1, $PLC\beta2$, and NCAM/SNAP 25 in isolated single cells from taste buds. Taste epithelium, including circumvallate or foliate papilla, express mRNAs of GluR5 and KA1. However, non-taste tongue epithelium expresses no subunits of non-NMDA GluRs. Isolated single cell RT-PCR reveals that the mRNAs of GluR5 and KA1 are preferentially expressed in Type II and Type III cells over Type I cells.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

The effects of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) on salivary glands have been recognized since 1982. The presence of purinergic recepetors(P2Rs) that mediate the effects of ATP in various tissues, including parotid and submandibular salivary gland, has been supported by the cloning of receptor cDNAs and the expression of the receptor proteins. P2Rs have many subtypes, and the activation of these receptor subtypes increase intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, a key ion in the regulation of the secretion in the salivary gland. The apical pores of taste buds in circumvallate and foliate papillae are surrounded by the saliva from von Ebner salivary gland(vEG). Thus, it is important how the secretion of vEG is controlled. This study was designed to elucidate the roles of P2Rs on salivary secretion of vEG. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (about 200 g) were used for this experiment. vEG-rich tissues were obtained from dissecting $500-1,000\;{\mu}m$ thick posterior tongue slices under stereomicroscope view. P2Rs mRNA in vEG acinar cells were identified with RT-PCR. To observe the change in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ activity, we employed $Ca^{2+}-ion$ specific fluorescence analysis with fura-2. Single acinar cells and cell clusters were isolated by a sequential trypsin/collagenase treatment and were loaded with $10\;{\mu}M$ fura -2 AM for 60 minutes at room temperature. Several agonists and antagonists were used to test a receptor specificity. RT-PCR revealed that the mRNAs of $P2X_4$, $P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$ and $P2Y_3$ are expressed in vEG acinar cells. The intracellular calcium activity was increased in response to $10\;{\mu}M$ ATP, a P2Rs agonist, and 2-MeSATP, a $P2Y_1$ and $P2Y_2R$ agonist. However, $300\;{\mu}M\;{\alpha}{\beta}-MeATP$, a $P2X_1$ and $P2X_3R$ agonist, did not elicit the response. The responses elicited by $10\;{\mu}M$ ATP and UTP, a $P2Y_2R$ agonists, were maintained when extracellular calcium was removed. $10\;{\mu}M$ suramin, a P2XR antagonist, and reactive blue 2, a P2YR antagonist, partially blocked ATP-induced response. However, when extracellular calciums were removed, suramin did not abolish the responses elicited by ATP. These results suggest that P2Rs play an important role in salivary secretion of vEG acinar cells and the effects of ATP on vEG salivary secretion may be mediated by $P2X_4$, $P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$, and/or $P2Y_3$.