• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the association between regular physical activity (PA) types and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in fertile women. Data were obtained from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-3, 2018). The sample consisted of 4,172 fertile women over 19 years of age. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, χ2 test, and multiple logistic regression analysis for examining the association of regular PA and MetS. The prevalence of MetS in fertile women was 3.1% (n =128), and 1,972 fertile women (47.2%) practiced regular PA. Compared to the non-regular PA group, regular PA resulted in a significantly lower systolic blood pressure (p =.002), lower waist circumference (p <.001), lower fasting blood sugar (p =.007), and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p <.001). After controlling the confounding variables, multiple logistic regression showed that the regular PA group (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.98, p =.040) and the regular muscle-strengthen PA group (odds ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.80, p =.013) were associated with a decreased risk of MetS. Therefore, regular PA, including muscle-strengthen PA should be considered to develop effective MetS intervention in fertile women.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.111-126
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week training on changes in physical fitness and cardiovascular factors for firefighters. For this purpose, 40 men in their 20s and 30s who agreed to participate voluntarily were recruited. They were divided into four groups: the firefighters' physical fitness test training group (hereinafter referred to as PT group), firefighters' physical fitness test and aerobic training group (hereinafter referred to as PT+AR group), firefighters' physical fitness test and both aerobic and anaerobic training group (hereinafter referred to as PT+CO group). Physical fitness factors (grip strength, back muscle strength, seated forward bend, standing long jump, sit-ups, 20-meter shuttle run), cardiovascular factors (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure) and the relationship between Framingham Heart Risk Score and physical/cardiovascular factors were compared and analyzed, and the following conclusions were obtained. Aerobic training, anaerobic training, and combined training, including 12 weeks of firefighter physical examinations, all had positive effects on fitness and cardiovascular factors, which would be an appropriate way for firefighter examinees to improve physical strength and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.66-76
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the transition process of Gyeongpo lake and to analyze the viewing characteristics of each period in the pavilion. The view characteristics at pavilion were analyzed by overlapping classification maps of landscape types by period with the view range map from pavilion. The circumference and area of Gyeongpo lake have been reduced to 15.2km and 3.9km² in the 1750s, 9.0km and 1.7km² in the 1933, and now 4.41km and 1.0km². By period, the largest decrease in the proportion of Gyeongpo lake viewed from Pavilion was Hwanseonjeong, which decreased by 48.0% from the 1750 to 2017. Hwallaejeong, Haeunjeong, and Hohaejeong were found to be impossible to view Gyeongpo lake as some of the adjacent lakes were changed to agricultural land. Pavilion has great significance as a space for traditional culture created in the background of humanities and natural environments. For the succession and development of Pavilion culture, it is necessary to use it as a cultural resource, to continuously manage the building, and to partially restore Gyeongpo lake considering the function of each pavilion.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.406-421
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood biochemical characteristics, comorbidities, dietary intake, and other risk factors leading to poor glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control in elderly Korean diabetes patients over 65 years of age. Methods: Data from the 4^th (2007-2009) and the 7^th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) were used. Socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, region, household income, education level, marital status, nutrition education, diabetes duration and diabetes treatment), lifestyle characteristics (drinking, smoking, regular walking, and subjective health perception), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, and waist circumference), blood biochemical characteristics (HbA1c, high- density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and blood creatinine), co-morbidities (obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and anemia), energy and nutrients intake, food group intake, and HbA1c control-related risk factors were compared. Results: Compared to the 4^th survey, the 7^th survey showed an increase in diabetes prevalence among men, an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the older patients, and an increase in the duration of diabetes. The energy ratio from carbohydrate consumption in the 7^th survey was lower than in the 4^th. Compared to the 4^th survey, thiamine and riboflavin intake had improved, and the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, and niacin had worsened in the 7^th. A comparison of food group intakes showed that there was a decrease in the consumption of whole grains, potatoes, and milk and an increase in the intake of beverages and alcoholic beverages. The risk factors for poor control of HbA1c were the duration of diabetes and co-morbid hypertriglyceridemia in the 4^th survey, whereas subjective health perception, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia as co-morbidities were found to be risk factors in the 7^th in addition to the risk factors highlighted in the 4^th survey. Conclusions: For the future management of elderly Korean diabetes patients, greater care is indicated for men over 75 years, and those with low levels of education. It is necessary to increase the intake of milk and vegetables, and reduce the intake of beverages and alcoholic beverages. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the incidence of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia for proper control of blood sugar.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to study barley sprout powder's effect on blood lipids in women in their 50s. Methods: For 18 months of ingesting 3 grams of barley sprout powder daily, and the changes were investigated before and after the blood tests every six months. Results: The systolic blood pressure decreased from 107 mmHg for the first test to 91 for the fourth test. Diastolic blood pressure dropped from 69 mmHg to 49 mmHg at the first test. Abdominal circumference decreased from 84 cm at the first measurement to 78 cm at the fourth round. Fasting glucose and HDL were not affected. Total cholesterol was significantly refused from 264 mg/dl in the first measurement to 172 mg/dl in the fourth measurement. The first measurement of triglycerides in 2018 was 179 mg/dl, and it was highly reduced at the fourth measurements to 80 mg/dl. The first measurement of LDL was 182 mg/dl, and the fourth was a high decrease to 97 mg/ dl. Conclusions: After the women in the 50s ingesting sprout barley for 18 months, the overall improvements were shown by reducing significantly with fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, blood triglyceride, and LDL concentrations.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.119-131
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• 2021

In this study, I compared the pattern design method of classic shirts focused on the men's clothing consturction textbook. It was intended to select a shirt pattern drawing method suitable for men in their 20s by conducing a appearance evaluation with a 3D simulation program. Pattern drawing method, sizes, appearance evaluation, garment pressure. were evaluated, and SPSS 26.0 program was used for analysis. According to the Pattern drawing method, there were differences in application sizes, and there were many parts where designated sizes were applied. The shirt pattern is mostly the same for the front chest and back chest, front waist and back waist. However, if there is a front and back difference of the chest and the waist circumference, the fit was considered better. B pattern was evaluated as the best in appearance evaluation, color distribution, and mesh condition through 3D simulation, and B pattern was analyzed as the most suitable method for men in their 20s. Since this study applied the average sizes of the 7th Korean Human Body Dimension Survey report in 20s, it is thought that caution should be paid to apply them to all 20s. In the future, it is also thought that research on the actual fit and patterns of various body types and materials in their 20s should be carried out.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.581-587
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• 2020

The Many patients who have lumbar instability(LI) could make a different trunk movement pattern by reduction of their respiratory function and altered breathing pattern. This study was conducted to investigate the change in the thoracoabdominal usage rate(TAUR) on three circumference lines(axillary, xiphoid junction, 10th rib) during the resting and forced breathing (RB and FB) after respiratory pattern correction(RPC) exercises in patients with LI. 15 patients in the experimental group performed RPC exercises, and 15 patients in the control group conducted lumbar stabilization exercises. Before the intervention, both groups had a significant difference in the usage rate among the three thoracoabdominal lines during the RB and FB(p<.05). After the intervention, the experimental group was seen no significant difference in the usage rate among the three lines during the RB(p>.05) and exhibited significant differences in the usage rate between the two thoracoabdominal lines during the FB(p<.05). The RPC exercises might improve the trunk movement patterns by restoring the respiratory patterns. We suggest that the RPC can apply in the re-education and reinforcement process at the reha-program for LI patients.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2022

In terms of junior high school girls' growth patterns during early adolescence, unlike childhood when relatively balanced growth patterns are found and high school years in which the normal adult body type is almost reached, junior high school girls display imbalanced and rapid growth. In fact, diverse size changes by body part occur with a significant difference among individuals. Therefore, it has been difficult for junior high school students to select their exact size when buying a school uniform. This study attempted to develop winter blouse and skirt patterns reflecting the latest comfortable and active school uniform trends, using middle school girl avatars of various body shapes. Skirt and blouse pattern-drawing methods and margins differed. Based on such results, research prototypes were prepared. Then, virtual wear prospective drawings, clothing pressure, and appearance were assessed by body shape. Skirts were assessed with 22 factors while blouses were analyzed with 25 factors. Then, correlations between skirts and blouses were analyzed. According to the analysis, the reason why the dart & pleats position and margin were rated low was confirmed. In a virtual wear assessment on skirt patterns by body shape, a significant difference was found in all categories except for position of the hip circumference, margin of the hips, width of the skirt, and appropriateness of waist line position. The virtual wear assessment on the blouse patterns by body shape also revealed a significant difference in all categories but fit and shape pf the back part. In blouses, a significant difference was observed around shoulders and waist in type 1 and around the belly in type 2. On the contrary, for skirts, a significant difference was found around the hips and waists in type 1 and type 2. Therefore, these factors should be considered in making blouses and skirts. The above results suggested that skirt and blouse patterns should vary by body shape. It is anticipated that there should be further studies comparing brand-name school uniforms for high school girls and school uniforms by body shape.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

[Purpose] This study analyzed data from the 7^th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) to compare the differences in energy intake and physical activity (PA) levels in middle-aged Korean men aged 40-59 years according to household type and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). [Methods] Data from 2,266 young adults (aged >39 years and <60 years) were obtained from the KNHANES. We analyzed the differences in energy intake and PA levels according to household type and MetS. The presence or absence of MetS was determined by measuring waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and HDL-C levels. [Results] Regarding total nutritional intake, no relationship with MetS was observed regardless of household type (interaction between MetS and household type: p = 0.875). No differences in total PA were observed between multiple- and single-person households (interaction between MetS and household type: p = 0.122). The relationship between MetS and MetS components according to nutritional intake showed that participants with a higher energy intake had a 27% lower prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.05) and a 36% higher prevalence of high blood pressure (p < 0.01). The relationship between MetS and MetS components according to the PA level showed significantly reduced prevalence of MetS by approximately 39%, 35%, and 43% (p < 0.01, 0.01, and 0.001) in subjects who were somewhat active, active, and very active, respectively, compared to inactivity. [Conclusion] Middle-aged men showed no difference in nutritional intake and PA between multiple- and single-person households. However, the risk of MetS was significantly higher in participants with approximately 1.5 times the energy intake compared to the group with the lowest energy intake. Moreover, higher levels of PA had a marked positive effect on the risk factors and prevalence of MetS. Therefore, we suggest that reducing the total energy intake and increasing total PA are important for preventing MetS in middle-aged men regardless of household type.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2022

The association between heavy metals in the blood and obesity has been examined in many studies. However, inconsistencies have been observed in the results from these studies. The present study was conducted using data from 119,181 participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for 11 years in 2005 and between 2008 and 2017. The subjects with missing heavy metal blood tests, health interview data, and health examination data were excluded from the study. The study population comprised 1,844 individuals (972 men, 872 women) who were eligible for inclusion. It was found that obesity and abdominal obesity were associated with an increase in both blood mercury (P<0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.001). After adjusting the confounding factors, those with concurrent high levels of ALT and the highest tertile of mercury showed an increased risk of obesity (odds ratio 4.46, 95%, confidence interval 2.23~8.90, P<0.001) as well as abdominal obesity (odds ratio 5.36, 95%, confidence interval 2.57~11.17, P<0.001). The interrelationship of mercury and ALT with the parameters of body mass index (P for interaction=0.009) and waist circumference (P for interaction=0.012), respectively, have been observed to be significant, suggesting that the reciprocal relationship could contribute to obesity and abdominal obesity.