• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

To demonstrate the importance of transformation efficiency in independent event, molecular and cytogenetic analysis were conducted with genomic DNA and chromosome of transgenic plants produced by Agrobacterium tumefeciens LBA4404 (pSBM-PPGN: gusA and bar). Selection ratios of putative transgenic calli were similar in independent experiments, however, transformation efficiencies were critically influenced by the type of regeneration media. MSRK5SS-Pr regeneration mediun, which contains 5 mgL$^{-1}$ kinetin, 2% (w/v) sucrose in combination with 3% (w/v) sorbitol, and 500 mgL$^{-1}$ proline, was efficient to produce transgenic plant of rice from putative transgenic callus in the presence of L-phosphinotricin (PPT). With MSRK5SS-Pr medium, transformation efficincies of Nagdongbyeo were significantly enhanced from 3.7% to 6.3% in independent callus lines arid from 7.3% to 19.7% in plants produced, respectively. Stable integration and expression of bar gene were confirmed by basta herbicide assay, PCR amplification and Southern blotting of bar gene, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using pSBM-PPGN as a probe. In Southern blot analysis, diverse band patterns were observed in total 44 transgenic plants regenerated from 20 independent PPT resistant calli showing from one to five copies of T-DNA segments, however, the transformants obtained from one callus line showed the same copy numbers with the same fractionized band patterns.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.345-351
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop a model system using selection method for disease resistant plant breeding programs using a herbicide bialaphos-resistant patII gene as a gene-based marker. Spraying bialaphos could eliminate the susceptible plants from the segregating populations such as ${F_2}^{\prime}s$ and thereafter. Tomato cv. Momotaro-yoke was transformed with patII gene 60 independent transformants were acquired. Total 42 transformants were analyzed in transgene copy numbers by Southern blotting and the segregation ratios for the bialaphos resistance. Statistical analysis revealed that the transgene copy numbers and the segregation ratios were not always coincided, especially having the tendency of underestimating the real numbers of the transgenes in the multicopy lines. A two-stepwise screening method was applied to select $T_1$ tomato plants which linked the transgenic patII to a disease resistance gene (I2 and Ve). Based on the resistant to susceptible ratios, T-20 plant was finally selected due to the estimated linkage 12-13 cM between the patII gene to the I2 gene on chromosome 11. This newly developed system could be applied to any economical crop in breeding programs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2009

Murine Neuro-2a (N2a) cells have been widely used for the investigation of neuronal differentiation, trophic interaction and neurotoxic effects of various compounds and their associated mechanisms. N2a cells have many genomic variations such as gains or losses in DNA copy number, similar to other neuroblastoma cells, and no systematic or high-resolution studies of their genome-wide chromosomal aberrations have been reported. Presently, we conducted a systematic genome-wide determination of chromosomal aberrations in N2a cells using a high-throughput, oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (oaCGH) technique. A hidden Markov Model was employed to assign each genomic oligonucleotide to a DNA copy number state: double loss, single loss, normal, gain, double gain and amplification. Unlike most neuroblastoma cells, Mycn amplification was not observed in N2a cells. In addition, these cells showed gain only in the neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NF), while other neurotrophic factors such as glial line-derived NF and brain-derived NF presented normal copy numbers. Chromosomes 4, 8, 10, 11 and 15 displayed more than 1000 aberrational oligonucleotides, while chromosomes 3, 17, 18 and 19 displayed less than 20. The largest region of gain was located on chromosome 8 and its size was no less than 26.7 Mb (Chr8:8427841-35162415), while chromosome 4 had the longest region of single deletion, with a size of 15.1 Mb (Chr4:73265785-88374165).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.549-552
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• 2009

Genetic mutations by gene fusion result from chromosomal rearrangement, trans-splicing, and intergenic splicing. Trans-splicing is a phenomenon in which two pre-mRNAs grow together into one. We analyzed the trans-splicing products in embryonic stem cells. By using bioinformatic tools, 70 trans-splicing transcripts were identified. They are classified into 6 types according to fusion pattern: 5'UTR-5'UTR, 5'UTR-3'UTR, 3'UTR-3'UTR, 5'UTR-CDS, 3'UTR-CDS, CDS-CDS. The fusion products are more abundant in CDS regions than in UTR regions, which contain multiple intron numbers. Chromosome analysis showing gene fusion via trans-splicing indicated that chromosomes 17 and 19 were activated. These data are of great use for further studies in relation to fusion genes and human diseases.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.118-121
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• 2005

Karyotypes were established in seven Angelica species cultivated in Korea. The somatic chromosome numbers were 2n = 2x = 22 with the basic number of x = 11 in all Angelica plants examined. Their metaphase chromosomes ranged from 3.56 ${\mu}M$. to 8.91 x. in length. Distinctive Karyotypes were found in two species, A. tenuissima with all metacentries, K(2n) = 2x = 22m, and A. genuflexa with all subtelocentrics, K(2n) = 2x = 22st. Karyotype formulas of A. gigas, A. acutiloha, A. sinensis, A. decursiva and A. dahurica were K(2n) = 2x = 20m + 2sm, K(2n) = 2x = 12m + 10sm, K(2n) = 2x = 16m + 6sm, K(2n) = 2x = 18m + 4sm and K(2n) = 2x = 10m + 10sm + 2st, respectively. Cytological data showed that chromosomal polymorphisms within species were observed in Angelica plants compare to other regions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 1988

As a series of systematic classification of paramphistomes, the worms in the rumen and reticulum of 310 Korean cattle slaughtered at Chonju abattoir were collected from February 1986 to June 1987 and were classified by morphology of the worms. Afterwards, the karyotype of Fischoederius cobboldi (Poirier, 1883), which is a very rare species in Korean cattle, was studied with germ cells of the worm by means of modified air-drying method. The chromosome numbers in the haploid and diploid cells of 315 F. cobboldi were n=9 and 2n=18, respectively. The meiotic divisions were observed frequently; 1,904 haploid and 49 diploid cells were recognized. Nine pairs of mitotic chromosomes were homologous in the metaphase stage and the chromosomes were composed of seven medium-sized metacentrics (m) or submetacentrics (sm) and two small-sized submetacentrics (sm). While, meiotic metaphases were composed of seven medium and two small·sized chromosomes. The 3rd, 4th, 2nd and 5th pairs of chromosomes was metacentric having centromere indices of 40.4%, 40.0%, 39.7% and 38.9%, respectively, and the remaining ones were submetacentric with centromere indices from 32,4% to 36.2%. As a series of C-banding method, C-band was shown in centromeric region from all of the haploid germ cells, except chromosome No. 1 which included heterochromatin at the tip region. Chromosomes No, 4, 6 and 9 showed remarkable C-band distinguished from others.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2002

Interval mapping using microsatellite markers was employed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the experimental cross between Berkshire and Yorkshire pigs. In order to derive critical values (CV) for test statistics for declaring significance of QTL, permutation test (PT) of Churchill and Doerge method(1994) and the analytical method(LK) of Lander and Kruglyak(1995) were used by each trait and chromosome. 525 $F_2$ progeny phenotypes of five traits(carcass weight, loin eye area, marbling score, cholesterol content, last back fat thickness) and genotypes of 125 markers covering the genome were used. Data were analyzed by line cross regression interval mapping with an F-test every by 1cM. PT CV were based on 10,000 permutations. CV at genome-wise test were 10.5 for LK and ranged from 8.1 to 8.3 for PT, depending on the trait. CV, differed substantially between methods, led to different numbers of quantitative trait loci (QTL) to be detected. PT results in the least stringent CV compared at the same % level.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.383-389
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• 2002

We experienced a case of partial DiGeorge syndrome in a $35^{＋5}$ week premature female infant presented with micrognathia, fish-shaped mouth, beaked nose, nasal regurgitation, obstructive sleep apnea, velopharyngeal insufficiency and late onset hypocalcemic seizures. The chromosome 22q11 microdeletion was found by the FISH method. The lab findings showed serum calcium level of 4.4 mg/dL, ionized calcium level of 0.49 mg/dL, phosphorous level of 7.5 mg/dL, magnesium level of 1.3 mg/dL and PTH-RIA level of <1 pq/mL. Initial treatment was done with 10% calcium gluconate infusion and magnesium sulfate followed by oral calcium gluconate and low phosphorousformula milk feeding. The serum calcium level was normalized in 6 days. Nasal regurgitation, desaturation with obstructive sleep apnea continued. T-cell functions & numbers(CD 3, CD 4, CD 8)were decreased but Ig G/A/M levels were normal. No visible signs of thymus shadow were seen in either chest X-ray & chest MRI. Electrocardiography and echocardiography showed normal heart. Kidney ultrasonographby showed right side mild hydronephrosis. Neurosonography was normal but EEG showed electrical partial seizure. Hearing assessment by BERA showed mild to moderate hearing impairment. Velopharyngoplasty is scheduled for further treatment. A brief review of literature was made.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.844-850
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• 2020

Disaster-related extreme weather is rapidly increasing due to climate change. In Korea, typhoons accompanied by rainfall usually approach in August and September, causing great damage. The purpose of this study is to find a gene that regulates the heading date of rice in order to avoid loss of harvest from climate change and typhoons. Cheongcheong/Nagdong doubled haploid (CNDH) was used as the plant material to investigate the location of heading-related genes using QTL and sequence analysis by cloning the gene. In the distribution chart, the heading dates, culm lengths, panicle lengths, numbers of panicles, and 1,000-grain weights all have normal distributions. QTL analysis found 13 contigs on chromosome 8. One QTL, named qHd8, was detected on chromosome 8. The range at qHd8 was approximately 7.7 cM, with RM72 and RM404 markers near the peak. There were 13 contigs and 1 ORF. Protein sequence analysis showed that rice was similar to Os08g0341700, AtSFH13, and AtSFH7 proteins. Os08g0341700, which is involved in signal transduction, is similar to phosphatidylinositol transfer-like protein II, and complete information is not available, but it is believed to play a role in the phosphatidylinositol-specific signaling pathway related to Sec14P.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.180-182
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• 2002

Substantial genomic diversity has been expected among clinical isolates of H. pylori. We have suggested that the two complete H. pylori genomes already sequenced may be insufficient for providing a discriminatory tool for typing clinical isolates as well as an insight into the genomic diversity, which enable to establish strategy for control of H. pylori infection. In this study, we determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire genome of Korean strain 51 and compare it with two reported genomic sequences to suggest validity for extensive genomic sequencing of H. pylori. The genome of H. pylori 51 consists of a circular chromosome with a size of 1,591,297 bp, which is corresponding to $95.4\%\;and\;96.8\%$ of the 26695 and J99 chromosome length, respectively. We predict that there are 1,454 open reading frames (ORFs) in 51, representing $91.4\%\;and\;97.2\%$ of the reported numbers of ORF of 26695 and J99, respectively. In contrast to 26695 and J99 that have 123 and 65 strain-specific genes, respectively, of the 1,454 genes, only 39 genes are unique to 51. Differences in genomic organization between 51 and each foreign strain were greater than between 2 foreign strains in pair wise entire sequence alignments by BLASTN. Particularly, the extent of genomic rearrangement observed between 51 and 26695 is higher than between 51 and J99. Multiple sequence alignment of orthologous genes among 3 strains showed that 51 is genetically closer to 26695 rather than J99. Phylogenetic analysis of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutation indicated J99 has the longest branch length in the unrooted phylogenetic tree, suggesting that J99 has higher mutation rate than the other 2 strains.