• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out to examine the mechanism of Arsenic cytotoxicity through several in vitro test systems. Dose-dependent decrease of cell survival by Arsenic was observed by colony forming assay. Arsenic was weak mutagenic in inducing HGPRT point mutation in CHO cells. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased in a dose-dependent manner and the most frequent type of chromosomal aberrations induced by Arsenic were chromatid type deletions. U!trafiltrates of culture media from CHO cells treated with Arsenic induced sister chromatid exchanges(SCE) in CHO cells and Arsenic was able to induce lipid peroxidation in CHO cells. The results suggested that the ultrafiltrates of media from CHO cells treated with Arsenic contain clastogenic factor(CF) and Iipid peroxidation might be involved in the formation of CF.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
• /
• pp.66-66
• /
• 2002

This study was done to examine the benzene induced chromosomal aberrations and also the influence of genetic polymorphism(GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, NAT2, NQO1, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1) on the chromosomal aberrations. In total, 82 benezene exposed workers and 76 matched controls were examined.(omitted)

• 한국유전체학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국유전체학회 2004년도 The 13th Korea Genome Conference
• /
• pp.46.1-46.1
• /
• 2004

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권16호
• /
• pp.7343-7350
• /
• 2015

Genetic changes associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) provide very important diagnostic and prognostic information with a direct impact on patient management. Detection of chromosome abnormalities by conventional cytogenetics combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) play a very significant role in assessing risk stratification. Identification of specific chromosome abnormalities has led to the recognition of genetic subgroups based on reciprocal translocations, deletions and modal number in B or T-cell ALL. In the last twelve years 102 newly diagnosed childhood/adult ALL bone marrow samples were analysed for chromosomal abnormalities with conventional G-banding, and FISH (selected cases) using specific probes in our hospital. G-banded karyotype analysis found clonal numerical and/or structural chromosomal aberrations in 74.2% of cases. Patients with pseudodiploidy represented the most frequent group (38.7%) followed by high hyperdiploidy group (12.9%), low hyperdiploidy group (9.7%), hypodiploidy (<46) group (9.7%) and high hypertriploidy group (3.2%). The highest observed numerical chromosomal alteration was high hyperdiploidy (12.9%) with abnormal karyotypes while abnormal 12p (7.5%) was the highest observed structural abnormality followed by t(12;21)(p13.3;q22) resulting in ETV6/RUNX1 fusion (5.4%) and t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) resulting in BCR/ABL1 fusion (4.3%). Interestingly, we identified 16 cases with rare and complex structural aberrations. Application of the FISH technique produced major improvements in the sensitivity and accuracy of cytogenetic analysis with ALL patients. In conclusion it confirmed heterogeneity of ALL by identifying various recurrent chromosomal aberrations along with non-specific rearrangements and their association with specific immunophenotypes. This study pool is representative of paediatric/adult ALL patients in Oman.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.5391-5397
• /
• 2012

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB), like most human cancers, is characterized by genomic instability, manifested at the chromosomal level as allelic gain, loss or rearrangement. Genetics methods, as well as conventional and molecular cytogenetics may provide valuable clues for the identification of target loci and successful search for major genes in neuroblastoma. We aimed to investigate AURKA and MYCN gene rearrangements and the chromosomal aberrations (CAs) to determine the prognosis of neuroblastoma. Methods: We performed cytogenetic analysis by G-banding in 25 cases [11 girls (44%) and 14 boys (66%)] and in 25 controls. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with AURKA and MYCN gene probes was also used on interphase nuclei to screen for alterations. Results: Some 18.4% of patient cells exhibited CAs., with a significant difference between patient and control groups in the frequencies (P<0.0001). Some 72% of the cells had structural aberrations, and only 28% had numerical chnages in patients. Structural aberrations consisted of deletions, translocations, breaks and fragility in various chromosomes, 84% and 52% of the patients having deletions and translocations, respectively. Among these expressed CAs, there was a higher frequency at 1q21, 1q32, 2q21, 2q31, 2p24, 4q31, 9q11, 9q22, 13q14, 14q11.2, 14q24, and 15q22 in patients. 32% of the patients had chromosome breaks, most frequently in chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 19 and X. The number of cells with breaks and the genomic damage frequencies were higher in patients (p<0.001). Aneuploidies in chromosomes X, 22, 3, 17 and 18 were most frequently observed. Numerical chromosome abnormalities were distinctive in 10.7% of sex chromosomes. Fragile sites were observed in 16% of our patients. Conclusion: Our data confirmed that there is a close correlation between amplification of the two genes, amplification of MYCN possibly contributing significantly to the oncogenic properties of AURKA. The high frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and amplifications of AURKA and MYCN genes indicate prognostic value in children with neuroblastomas and may point to contributing factors in their development.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2000

목적: 마우스를 전신조사한 다음 골수세포를 추출하여 중기염색체 분석법과 미소핵 검사법으로 방사선량별 염색체 이상의 빈도를 관찰하고 이를 통하여 표준선량반응곡선을 얻어내어 방사선이 인체 골수세포에 미치는 영향을 추정하기 위해 이 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: ICR계 마우스를 대상으로 각각 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 Gy를 조사하고 대퇴골의 골수를 추출하여 중기염색체 분석법을 시행하였고, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, Gy를 조사한 후 미소핵 분석법을 시행하였다. 각각의 조사량에 따라 중기염색체에서 이중 중심체형 염색체와 반지형 염색체를 계수하였고, 다염성적혈구에서 관찰된 미소핵을 계수하였다. 결과: 중기염색체에서 이중 중심체형 염색체와 반지형 염색체의 빈도를 나타내는 Ydr 값은 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 Gy에서 각각 0.002, 0.107, 0.33, 0.625, 1.055, 1.662, 5.843이었고 선량-반응관계를 선형회귀분석한 결과 방사선량(D)과 염색체이상 빈도(YDR)와의 관계는 YDR=0.0176+0.0324D+0.0567$D^2$ (r=1.0, p<0.001)으로 나타났다. 다염성적혈구에서 관찰된 미소핵은 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, Gy에서 각각 0.001, 0.062, 0.218, 0.478, 0.841로 방사선량(D)과 미소핵의 빈도(mn)와의 관계는 F(mn)=0.0019+0.0073D+0.00506$D^2$ (r=1.0, p<0.001)로 나타나 선량에 따른 염색체이상의 빈도는 이차함수식으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 두 가지의 검사방법간에는 매우 강한 상관관계를 나타내었다(r=0.99, p<0.01). 결과: 마우스의 골수세포에서 중기염색체 분석법과 미소핵 검사법은 생체 내의 피폭선량을 평가하는데 매우 유용하였고, 이 두 가지 검사법 중 어느 방법을 사용하여도 방사선에 의한 생물학적 효과를 평가할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2010

염색체 microarray 검사는 유전체 전체를 한번에 검색하여 초현미경적인 염색체 이상을 매우 정밀하고 정확하게 검출할 수 있다. 외국에서는 현재 자주 활용되는 임상 진단 검사로 자리잡았고, 염색체 검사 또는 표적 부위를 검출하는 FISH 검사나 PCR 기반의 분자유전학적 방법을 대체하고 있다. 최근 발표된 consensus 들은 염색체 microarray 검사를 비특이적인 다발성 기형, 발달지연 또는 정신지체, 자폐증상질환의 환자에서는 염색체 검사보다 먼저 시행할 수 있는 검사로 제안하였다. 염색체 microarray 검사는 핵형 분석에서 검출된 염색체 불균형을 검증하기 위해 염색체 검사에 보조적으로 활용할 수 있고, 염색체 이상에 대한 보다 정확하고 종합적인 분석이 가능하다. 그러나 염색체 microarray 검사는 균형재배열의 염색체 이상과 low-level 모자이시즘을 검출하기 어렵고, 임상적 중요성이 불명확한 CNV에 대한 해석과 검사비용이 고가라는 한계점이 있다. 이러한 이유로 인해 현재로서는 염색체 microarray 검사가 산전 진단 목적으로는 고식적인 염색체 검사를 대신할 수는 없다는 의견이다. 임상검사실에서 염색체 microarray 검사 시행 시, 유전학적 및 세포유전학적 지식과 경험이 결과 분석과 해석 과정에서 요구되며, 적절한 검증 과정 단계와 유전상담이 동반되어야 한다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.311-324
• /
• 2018

Arsenic is one of the most toxic environmental toxicants. More than 150 million people worldwide are exposed to arsenic through ground water contamination. It is an exclusive human carcinogen. Although the hallmarks of arsenic toxicity are skin lesions and skin cancers, arsenic can also induce cancers in the lung, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, and other internal organs. Arsenic is a non-mutagenic compound but can induce significant cytogenetic damage as measured by chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronuclei formation in human systems. These genotoxic end points are extensively used to predict genotoxic potentials of different environmental chemicals, drugs, pesticides, and insecticides. These cytogenetic end points are also used for evaluating cancer risk. Here, by critically reviewing and analyzing the existing literature, we conclude that inorganic arsenic is a genotoxic carcinogen.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 1999

Chromosome rearrangements induced in human lymphocyte after in vitro exposure to chromium were analysed by the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) with triple combination of composite whole chromosome-specific probe for chromosome 1, 2 and 4. Chromosome aberrations was scored by the Protocol for Aberration Identification and Nomenclature Terminology (PAINT). Stable translocation was the most frequent type of aberrations and dicentrics and insertions were also observed. Chromium treatment enhanced the frequencies of stable translocations and color junctions in a dose-dependent manners, but no distinct increase of dicentrics and insertions was seen. The ratio of the yields of translocation to the yields of dicentric varied between 13 to 27. The presents results demonstrate fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is useful for detecting chromosomal rearrangements induced by chromium.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
• /
• pp.124-124
• /
• 2002

In order to determine the effect of the DNA repair inhibitors, cytosine arabinoside(Ara C)and 3-aminobenzamide(3AB) on the frequenceis of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei induced by radiation. After in vitro exposure of human lymphocytes to x-ray(1-3Gy) DNA repair inhibitors, Ara C and 3AB were treated and the frequencies of micronuclei, translocation and dicentric chromosomes were analysed using FISH technique with DNA probe for chromosome 4.(omitted)