• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.8 no.1 s.18
• /
• pp.9-28
• /
• 1999

Broadly speaking, this paper is concentrated on the trimming of the wood demanded for the palace, constructed in the 2nd half of the Choseon Dynasty. To be concrete, this is the study on the craftman and craftmanship corncerned with the trimming of the wood, its system, and terms of payment of his wages, Construction reports, financial reports, job slips, written estimates, bills for payment, and other documents in those days are examined for the study. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. 1) The operation system of whole construction office and its suboffice was very specialized and systematized from the early 19th century. 2) The craftman engaged in trimming of the wood was subdivided by work function. 3) The craftman for its first trimming, i.e. 'keojang' or 'seonjang' had been treated as a speacial labor recruited to the mid-l8th century, after that, was enrolled into the craftman. 4) A unit cost of its first trimming was firstly appropriated into the reconstruction of the Kyongwoon Palace in the early 20th century, and it was very subdivided for a personnel management. 5) Contract works were widely applied to all workers engaged in the reconstruction for an efficiency of the accomplishments.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.67-86
• /
• 2007

Choseon Dynasty, from many aspects, saw the institutional establishment of its royal palaces in the 17th and 18th century, with 'donggwol (east palace)' as the most representative form in the era. In that period, palaces were managed in the best way that fits the royal etiquette and order to maintain the Confucian framework of the times. While the royal palace was the place for the king to conduct state affairs, it was also a compound for the royal family to lead a life in. Since the royal family was also based on the Confucian system, women in the royal palace seldom revealed their existence to outside world. Yet daebi,(a Queen Mother) who was often called 'dongjo,' enjoyed the highest level of honor not only as a member of the royal family but in the hierarchical order of the dynasty. As they often engaged themselves in political affairs, daebi raised their reputation through rites and rituals. So, in the 16th century, they largely used Changgyeong-gung palace in the eastern part of the royal compound since they sometimes had to go out of the royal residence. While it was called 'dongjo' because it was seated in the eastern part, it was also used as a word symbolizing daebi. And, therefore, it has become a general principle of royal palaces to build the palace for daebi in the eastern wing of the compound. However, the residence for daebi was not always built in the eastern part in the 17th and 18th century and, instead, edifices for daebi were sometimes erected in several points within the royal compound. Beside, daebi's residence in this period had additional spaces for ceremonies since they had a number of official events there. Construction of daebi's residences in this era was not confined to the symbolic institutions and they became the peculiar palaces with specific characteristics for official ceremonies of the queen mothers. Consequently, it could be said that the architectural style of dongjo, which was the place of the supreme female in the hierarchical order, stemmed from donggwol where daebi spent the longest time of the royal life.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.9 no.3 s.24
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2000

The bureaucrat-scholars, ruling class of the Choseon Dynasty, used to build small private pavilions for rest and study for themselves. In the early period of the Dynasty, the pavilions had plain shapes with rectangular plan and simple wooden structure without any walls so as to enjoy the surrounding scenery. From the 16th century, the building form began to change into some diverse one by putting in an ondol room, an unique floor heating equipment. The pavilions also began to show regional differences by placing the ondol rooms in the floor. Myonang-jong, a pavilion occupied by a famous bureaucrat-scholar Song Soon, was built at Damyang of the southwest part of the Korean peninsula, so called Honam area, in 1533. At first, the building form followed the ordinary early pavilion shape using simple wooden structure and wooden floor. But when it was rebuilt in 1654 after burning down by war, there happened some changes. An ondol room was put in the center of the floor, of which regarded as a dominant regional characteristic of the Honam area. The change of the building form of Myonang-jong showed that it was the 17th century Honam area got the regional characteristic in the architecture of pavilion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2009.05c
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2009

The HwaSungSungYouk is one of the construction project in viewpoint of today's construction management and various information how to build the HwaSung at the last of the eighteen century had been recorded in HwaSungSungYoukEuGye. The purpose of this study is to analyse the data in HwaSungSungYoukEuGye in viewpoint of today's construction management for estimating the resources of PalDal-mun construction. In the record, there are a 10t of information relate to time management, cost management and human resource management, and the concept of modern construction management will be also use to figure out the construction data of the HwaSungSungYoukEuGye.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.146-152
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this research is an analysis of research trends concerning history of landscape architecture found in the Journal of Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (KILA). To do this, I reviewed the 905 articles from the journal from 1973 to 2003, from Which 104 journals were selected. In the articles, there were numerous studies on Oriental history and there was a lack of studies on Western history. Many of the oriental landscape history articles featured the landscape architecture history of the Korean Choseon Dynasty. There was much difference between the 1980s and 1990s. The topics of the 1980s were usually royal palaces, villages and temples, whereas those of 1990s expanded to include confucian memorial halls, walled towns and historical landscape areas. Also the topics of the 1990s included Japanese, Chinese ,md Western landscape architecture. Nevertheless, we had almost no focus on preservation and inheritance of historical cultural landscape sites. To solve this problem, we can find our motivation in the studies in history of landscape architecture.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2012

Tree-ring dating can be used to date scientifically prehistoric timbers, historical buildings or woodcrafts. It gives a calendar year to each tree ring and produces the felling dates of logs or wood panels. In this study, we applied tree-ring dating to a medicine cabinet in Seoul Museum of History. We obtained tree-ring data from radial or cross section by taking photographs with a digital camera. The cabinet were dated A.D. 1821 to the last ring. It was about 50 year older than the previous medicine cabinets. Tree-ring patterns indicated that the origin of woods for the cabinet would be near Sorak mountains.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.105-120
• /
• 2015

Confucian doctors (儒醫) emerged who either voluntarily or involuntarily studied medical science and participated in clinical practices. This was made possible by a newly established position known as Euiseoseupdokgwan (醫書習讀官), made up of officials who had knowledgeable about medical books, during the reign of King Sejong. By the 16th century, Confucian doctors who acquired knowledge from medical books began to practice more broadly. Most of the Confucian doctors had either direct or indirect connections with the Sarim faction 士林派, and had interest in practicing medicine in provincial regions. In 1610, Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑) was published, providing the Confucian doctors with solid academic and clinical foundations. From the late 17th century onwards, the medical environment quickly became commercialized and the status of Confucian doctors gradually weakened.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.97-111
• /
• 2004

To study the clothing names has been one of the research subjects in the history of clothing since the name could be the basic tool to understand the clothing. In the past, the name of clothing were used in Chinese character which is hieroglyphic. Each character of Chinese has special meaning. They had been changed into Korean after Korean characters were invented. During the period when they were changed into Korean, some of them retained the original meaning while others widened the original meaning. Some of them even translated into totally different meaning. Accordingly, it could be a clue to survey the changing process of Chinese names into Korean by analysing the vocabulary in the books published in Choseon dynasty. In this study, the first step is to survey the children's Chinese vocabulary learning material, Hunmongahoe(1527), Sinzeungliuhap(1576) and Ahackpyun(1804). These books were widely used from 16 to 19 centuries. It has been surveyed how the meaning of clothes names has changed and the special features of changed names. The names appeared in these Chinese vocabulary learning books included headgear, footwear, dress, part names of dress, ornaments, color and names of textile. The followings are observed by studying the names appeared in more than two books above： 1. The same Chinese character were translated differently. 2. Recently the meaning of Chinese character has been reduced or changed into new Chinese character. 3. Some of them retained the same meaning but used different character. It has been observed that some clothing names retained the original meaning but others changed the meaning, or translated into different names. It shows that the appropriate meaning of names should be properly selected when we study the history of clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 2015

This study contemplates the tendency of the examination questions for History of Korean Landscape Architecture. The study targets the questions of 'Landscape Architecture History' which has been set in the written test for National Qualification Test of a landscape engineer for recent 10 years from 2005 to 2014 and derives analyzable items based on the guidelines of question-setting presented by Human Resources Development Service of Korea. The results of the study are drawn as follows. First, among 5 areas composing Landscape History, the proportion of Korean Landscape questions is getting increased while that of Western ones is decreasing. Second, about 30 traditional trees and 11 types of traditional landscape elements including traditional facilities were shown in Korean Landscape questions. Besides, history, geographic, practical science, horticulture, anthology books and the 25 tradition landscape-related historic documents categorized as the garden painting data were found. And the kings from ancient era to Choseon Dynasty who were associated with the time of palace garden building, the builders or owners of the villas, the authors of the document and Chinese scholars also appeared. Third, there were no the questions of prehistoric times and Balhae Kingdom, whereas those of Choseon Dynasty were dominantly focused. Among the traditional sites of Choseon Dynasty, Byeolseo(villas) were set most, followed by Dosung or Gung-gweol(castle towns or palaces), houses, Nu Jeong Dea(pavilions) and Seowon(local schools) in order. Nak-an eupseong and Yong-ju sa were the only cases for a castle town and a temple each. Fourth, being associated with tradition spaces, the questions asked for understanding the detailed contents of time of sites' construction, builders, location features, building structures, ground plan types and the components s of garden. In addition, as a result of checking whether traditional landscape sites were shown in the set questions in 9 Korean Landscape textbooks, Dongchundang, Pungamjeonsa, Simgogseowon did not appeared. As a result of reviewing the tendency of the examination questions for History of Korean Landscape Architecture, the questions which ask minor facts without generality and which include difficult information and site uncomprehended in the textbook should be reconsidered.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• s.34
• /
• pp.50-61
• /
• 2013

The Grave encapsulated by lime soil mixture were excavated with clothing and hemp shoes from the Choseon Dynasty in Gooam, Sacheon. Hemp shoes have wood in the center and their surroundings were made of complex materials including herbaceous ones but the front part was lost or became very fragile. We analyzed the hemp shoes and pre-test of consolidant for conservation treatment of hemp shoes. As a result of analyzing, three kinds of plants were identified. For hemp shoes, Oryza spp, hemp, and one kind of dicotyledones were used and it was analyzed that fabrics attached to the back of Dogaengi was cotton. Conservation methods for pre-test of consolidant, Polyethylene Glycol, Paraloid-B72, Dammar gum, Methyl Cellulose and Silicone resin was selected. The solution was sprayed twice in a 24-hour duration. Properties of consolidant was measured; color difference, glossiness difference, folding streangth and tensile streangth. By comparing the results, PEG was confirmed to the most suitable as consolidant. For the conservation treatment, cleaning and strengthening was conducted. For strengthening treatment, PEG 4000 was selected given that the shoes were made of complex materials. The PEG impregnation method was applied with the PEG 4000 concentration gradually changing from 5% to 80% for reinforcement. Then humidity- controlled drying in order to avoid any rapid environment change.