• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.193-200
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• 1978

Cholic, ursodesoxycholic, chenodesoxycholic, desoxycholic and hydesoxycholic acids were dissolved in the propylene glycol to make solution and then above solution of cholanic acids on bile secretion was investigated by injection those solutions into small intestine of rabbits and albino rats. The cholates in bile juice from rabbits injected with cholic acid were remarkably increased and therefore it exhibited a typical choleretic action. In view of pharmacological point, desoxycholic acid is considered as superior hydrocholeretic agent, and ursodesoxycholic and chenodesoxycholic acids have similar effect in decreasing order. However, the effect of bile secretion by hyodesoxycholic acid was almost negligible as that by propylene glycol administered. The cholate content in the bile juice from albino rat was increased by cholic and desoxycholic acids in decreasing order: i.e., they exhibited choleretic action. In the case of ursodesoxycholic and chenodesoxycholic acids, the concentration of cholate was slightly increased in bile juice from the rat, so that these cholates showed a weak choleretic action. While total output of bilirubin was increased by chenodesoxycholic acid, the other cholanic acid showed no effect in the rabbit.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.372-378
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• 1994

Choleretic effect and absorption of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in rats were studied using UDCA alone and it's ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ $({\beta}-CyD)$ inclusin complex (UDCA-IC). In spite of increase in solubility and dissolution rate, absorption of UDCA-IC was decreased compared with UDCA alone. Choleretic effect of UDCA-IC was also decreased. It looks that UDCA forms stronger inclusion complex with ${\beta}-CyD$ than any other drug or organic biological material. From this study, it was suggested that UDCA might be used as a new potential competing agent when inclusion complexes of drugs with ${\beta}-CyD$ were administered for the improvement of poor bioavailability.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2022

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastrointestinal disorder with diverse symptoms but no structural or organic manifestations. Benachio-F^® (herein named 'BF-1') is an over-the-counter liquid digestive formulated with multiple herbal extracts, which has been reported to improve symptoms of FD. A total two experiments were conducted. First, we examined whether BF-1 can modulate the progression of FD through two experimental rat models. A total of three doses (0.3x, 1x, 3x of the human equivalent dose) were used. In the gastric emptying model, both 1x (standard) or 3x (3-fold-concentrated) BF-1 enhanced gastric emptying was compared with that of vehicle-treated animals. In a feeding inhibition model induced by acute restraint stress, treatment with 1x or 3x BF-1 led to a similar degree of restoration in food intake that was comparable to that of acotiamide-treated animals. Among the constituents of BF, fennel is known for its choleretic effect. Thus, we next investigated whether a novel BF-based formula (named 'BF-2') that contains an increased amount of fennel extract (3.5-fold over BF-1), has greater potency in increasing bile flow. BF-2 showed a superior choleretic effect compared to BF-1. Furthermore, the postprandial concentration of serum secretin was higher in animals pretreated with BF-2 than in those pretreated with BF-1, suggesting that the increased choleretic effect of BF-2 is related to secretin production. Our results demonstrate that BF-1 can modulate the pathophysiological mechanisms of FD by exerting prokinetic and stress-relieving effects, and that BF-2 has a better choleretic effect than BF-1.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.13 no.2_3
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• pp.67-70
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• 1969

Gall duct cannulated rats were given daphnetin, umbelliferone, 4-hydroxy-coumarin, dicoumarol, 4,7-dihydroxycoumarin, 4,7-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-coumarin, coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid by duodenal catheter at room temperature and output of bile flow was detected. All of the subjected compounds in this experiment indicated a significant effect on the biliary elimination except cinnamic acid alone. It is suggested that a relationship exists between chemical pattern and biological activity for coumarin derivatives and their precursors, and that the choleretic activity of these compounds requires hydroxylated cinnamic acid structure as the most fundamental chemical pattern.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 1996

This study was done to investigate whether cholic acid derivatives have anti-stress activity and what is a cause of this anti-stress effect. Seven cholic acid derivatives (cholic acid, taurocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxychoic acid, chenodeoxy cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid) were used, silymarin and valproic acid were used as positive controls. Stress was induced by restraint immobilization technique plus water immersion (24hrs) and adrenal weight, spleen weight, adrenal ascorbic acid, serum cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), adrenal cholesterol, glucose and corticosterone levels were measured as stress indicators. Most cholic acid derivatives markedly decreased the adrenal weight, and TUDCA and DHCA increased the spleen weight. The restraint stress induced increments in serum LDH, ALP and cholesterol were attenuated by most cholic acid derivatives. Cholic acid, taurocholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid only increased the content of adrenal ascorbate. While valproic acid showed an inhibitory effect against stress, silymarin did not. Our findings suggest that most cholic acid derivatives have anti-stress effect and that their anti-stress effect is, in part, related to choleretic activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

Although the first pyridazine was obtained in 1886, this heterocycle was not thoroughly investigated such isomers as pyrimidine and pyrazine especially in the field of drug development because pyridazine derivatives do not occur as natural products. Recently medicinal chemists have an growing interest in the pyridazine derivatives, since many Pyridazine derivatives were found to possess various potential therapeutic activities. In this paper sixty-eight pyridazine derivatives, which are already introduced as medicines or are being developed as drugs were classified according to their pharmacological activities, reviewed since 1955 and the relationship of structure-activities was discussed.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.111-126
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• 2002

The chemistry of secondary products from Acanthopanax species and their pharmacological activities were reviewed. A nitrogenous compound, a furan compound, a quinoid, benzoids, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, polyacetylenes, a pyrimidine, cyclitols, monosaccharides and an aliphatic alcohol have been isolated from Acanthopanax species and have been shown to have various levels of activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-gout, anti-hepatitis, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanicidic, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-xanthine oxidase, choleretic, hemostatic, hypocholesterolemic, immunostimulatory and radioprotectant effects, etc.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.176-179
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• 1972

The bile secretion was accelerated generally by the administration of all derivatives tested: chemodeoxycholate, deoxycholate, cholate, dehydrocholate, 7-ketochenodeoxycholate, and 3, 7-diketochenodeoxycholate in decreasing order. Bile acids content in bile from animals administered with cholate was increased, however, other derivatives did not alter the contents of bile acids and bilirubin. In view of pharmacological point, all derivatives have hydrocholeretic action, however, only cholate exhibits typical choleretic action.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.99-101
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• 2004

An important aspect of indigenous medicine is the ability of traditional societis to manipulate the environment for their own benefit, for example for their health care. In Indonesia, this indigenous medicine is called Jamu. Jamu mostly consists of a mixture of herbals of the genus Curcuma, Zingiberaceae. There are 19 species of curcuma grown in Indonesia. Eleven of them are popular in the jamu preparations. Ethnopharma-cological surveys have shown that 50% of these species are used for post partum protection, dismenorrhea, 30% are used for the treatment of stomache and as cosmetics, 20% for the treatment of various diseases such as fever, worms, asthma, etc. Chemical studies show that they contain curcuminoids, volatile oils, flavonoids, starch, and resinous substance. Pharmacological studies of extracts and isolated bioactive compounds have shown that they have a broad pharmacological activity such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, antihepatotoxic, antitumor, antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemic activity.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.121-124
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• 2014

Omega (${\omega}$)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids appear to be effective in preventing and treating parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease, and several mechanisms were proposed for this observation. An 8-week-old male infant with cholestasis and acholic stool was diagnosed non-syndromic intrahepatic interlobular bile duct paucity by open-wedge liver biopsy. Initially he was treated with usual supportive medical therapy, including ursodeoxycholic acid. However, the clinical status and laboratory tests did not improve. Omega (${\omega}$)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (initially intravenous administration and oral administration later), were started and his liver function, including aminotransferase level and bilirubin levels normalized, and the ivory stool color turned green. We report the possible effectiveness of ${\omega}$-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potent choleretic agent for non-syndromic intrahepatic interlobular bile duct paucity, a very rare structural pediatric hepatic disease.