• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

Increasing global energy demand has resulted in an energy crisis. The dye sensitizer solar cell (DSSC) is an alternative source because of its ability to convert the sun's energy into electrical energy. Our aim was to determine the effect of synthesized Ni(II)-Chlorophyll for enhancing the efficiency of solar cells based DSSC. Complex compound Ni(II)-Chlorophyll was successfully synthesized as a dye sensitizer of $Ni(NO_3)_2.6H_2O$ and chlorophyll ligand with saponification method. Characterization results with spectrophotometer UV-Vis showed that the complex compounds of Ni(II)-Chlorophyll have a maximum wavelength of 295.00 nm, 451.00 and 665.00 nm. The bond between the ligand and metal appears in the vibration Ni-O at wave number $455.2cm^{-1}$. Complex compoun Ni(II)-Chlorophyll has a magnetic moment 7.10 Bohr Magneton (BM). The performance of complex compound Ni(II)-Chlorophyll as a dye sensitizer shows the value of short-circuit current (Jsc) at $3.00mA/cm^2$, open circuit voltage (Voc) at 0.15 V and the efficiency (${\eta}$) 0.20%.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2019

LID facilities do not consider environmental factors, and due to inappropriate vegetation planting causing degradation in efficiency due to plant damage and difficulty in maintenance. Therefore, in this study, assessment of impact environmental factor by seasonal variation of chlorophyll and growth of vegetation planted in LID technologies and change of pollutant reduction were conducted. In the case of B-SJ and B-RI, growth rate decreased after summer (August), and B-MG showed steady growth until autumn (September). Chlorophyll was found to increase during spring season while it decreased during autumn season. The chlorophyll concentration was found to affect the plant growth pattern. TN reduction efficiency was highest with greater than 80% efficiency in summer, and it was analyzed that plants were identified as the main factor affecting the seasonal reduction efficiency of TN. Also, temperature and relative humidity were analyzed to affect plant growth, activity and pollutant removal efficiency. Plant type and growth pattern are considered as factors to be considered in selection of appropriate plant types in LID technologies.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.743-748
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• 2022

부추는 아시아를 포함한 전세계적으로 분포하는 초본이다. 한국에서 부추는 양념용 채소와 국수용 고명에 사용된다. 질소비료, 인산비료, 칼리비료와 수분 스트레스가 부추(Allium tuberosum Rotter) 잎에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 엽록소 a 함량은 10 mg/l 질소 비료에서 0.386였고, 50 mg/l에서는 0.584였다. 엽록소 a, b, 전체 엽록소량은 대조군에 비해 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 엽록소 a, b, 전체 엽록소에 대한 피어슨 상관계수(Pearson's r)는 각각 0.940, 0.966, 0.971였다. 잎의 엽록소 a, b, 전체 엽록소는 인산비료인 경우 40 mg/l가 50 mg/l 시비보다 높았다. 인산 비료인 경우 10 mg/l에서 전체 엽록소량은 0.312였고 50 mg/l 일 때 0.589였다. 엽록소 효율과 습도와의 관계를 산출하였다. 광합성 효율의 척도로 기저 수준의 형광산율(Fo), 최대 형광산율(Fm), 전자소멸 상태(Fv), 최대 PSII 광계비율(Fv/Fm)의 기울기는 각각 -0.931, 0.972, 972, 0.950였다. 질소, 인산, 칼륨 비료와 가뭄스트레스는 부추의 엽록소함량과 효율성에 영향을 주었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.485-489
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• 2008

Algal chlorophyll-$\alpha$ is commonly determined by spectro-photometric method using 90% acetone as solvents. However, acetone has low extraction efficiency without grinding filters, and DMF (dimethyl formamide) was tested for the compatibility with acetone. Chlorophyll-$\alpha$ concentration was determined for samples from 5 reservoirs of different trophic states and phytoplankton composition, using acetone extraction with grinding and DMF without grinding. Chlorophyll-$\alpha$ measured by DMF and Acetone did not show a significant difference when using trichromatic method of UNESCO and Lorenzen, and therefore, DMF can substitute acetone. But when acidification method was applied, they showed significant difference of 8%. It can be concluded that DMF can extract chlorophylls more effectively without grinding and it can be a better alternative for the standard extraction solvent.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.320-330
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic parameters, and leaf growth of Synurus deltoides under different shading treatments. S. deltoides was grown under non-treated (full sunlight) and three different shading conditions (Shaded 88~93%, 65~75%, and 45%~55%). Light compensation point ($L_{comp}$), dark respiration ($D_{resp}$), maximum photosynthesis rate ($Pn_{max}$), photo respiration rate ($P_{resp}$), carboxylation efficiency ($\Phi_{carb}$), and photochemical efficiency were decreased with increasing shading level; However, $CO_2$ compensation point ($CO_{2\;comp}$), total chlorophyll content, and specific leaf area (SLA) were shown the opposite trend. S. deltoides under 88~93% treatment showed the lowest photosynthetic activity such as maximum photosynthetic rate ($Pn_{max}$), photochemical efficiency, and $CO_2$ compensation point ($CO_{2\;comp}$). Therefore, photosynthetic activity will be sharply decreased with a long period of 8~12% of full sunlight. With the shading level decreased, carotenoid content and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) increased to prevent excessive light damage. This result suggested that growth and physiology of S. deltoides adapted to high light intensity through regulating its internal mechanism.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2012

피음처리에 의한 고려엉겅퀴와 누룩치의 광합성 및 생장특성을 조사하기 위하여, 차광막을 이용하여 전광처리구(0%), 약피음처리구(45~55%), 중간피음처리구(65~75%), 강피음처리구(88~92%) 설치하고 엽록소함량, 엽록소 형광반응, 광합성 반응 등을 조사하였다. 고려엉겅퀴와 누룩치 모두 피음처리 수준에 따라 엽록소 함량과 엽록소형광반응, 순양자효율 등이 증가하여 빛의 흡수와 광합성 반응에 대한 효율을 높이는 내음성 적응 반응을 나타냈으며, 엽면적 SLA 역시 증가하여 부족한 광환경에서 수광량을 늘리기 위해 엽면적은 늘어나고, 엽두께는 얇아지는 형태적인 변화가 나타났다. 특히 전광처리구에서 총 엽록소 함량, 엽록소 형광반응, 순양자효율, 기공전도도 및 기공증산속도가 비교적 낮았으며, 이는 강한 광으로 광저해 현상이 일어나 광합성 능력이 저하되는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 고려엉겅퀴의 강피음 처리구는 엽록소 함량도 높으며, 엽면적이 늘어나고 엽두께는 얇아져 광을 수집하기 위한 형태적인 변화도 나타나고 있으나 광선요구도보다 적은 광 환경에서 계속 생장함으로서 엽육내 $CO_2$를 효율적으로 소비하지 못하고, 수분이용효율 역시 감소되어 광합성 능력을 점점 상실해 가는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 고려엉겅퀴는 약광처리구(전광의 45~55%)에서최대광합성속도와 순양자효율이 가장 높고, 기공개폐 반응과 광화학반응 효율이 비교적 높았으며, 누룩치는 처리구간의 차이는 크지 않지만, 중간피음처리구에서 최대광합성속도, 순양자수율, 기공개폐반응 및광화학효율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 적절한 피음처리를 통해 건전한 생육을 유도하기 위해서는 고려엉겅퀴의 경우 전광을 약 45~55% 차단하고, 누룩치는 약 65~75% 차단시킨 광환경이 효과적이라 생각된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2010

To test the feasibility of using chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ fluorescence to assess the establishment success of seagrass transplants, photosynthetic characteristics of eelgrass Zostera marina transplants were measured using a Diving-pulsed amplitude modulation fluorometer in Jindong Bay on the southern coast of Korea. Maximum quantum yield ($F_v/F_m$), photosynthetic efficiency ($\alpha$), saturating irradiance ($E_k$) and maximum electron transport rate ($ETR_{max}$) of transplants and reference plants in a nearby transplant site were measured using the fluorometer for 5 months. Additionally, shoot morphology, individual shoot weight and productivity of transplants and reference plants were also monitored. Shoot height, leaf weight and productivity of transplants were significantly reduced during the first two or three months after transplantation compared to those of reference plants, and then increased to the levels of reference plants Characteristics of chlorophyll a fluorescence, including $F_v/F_m$, $\alpha$, $E_k$ and $ETR_{max}$ of transplants were also significantly reduced in the initial period, but recovered slightly sooner than shoot morphology or leaf productivity. These results indicated that after transplantation, Z. marina transplant photosynthesis recovered faster than shoot morphology, biomass or productivity. Thus, chlorophyll a fluorescence can be used as an indicator for early assessment of the status of eelgrass transplants without destructive sampling.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, physiological utilization efficiency and their relationships with growth characteristics in the 28 Korean rice cultivars. Nitrogen use efficiency of 28 rice cultivars was 47.74, nitrogen uptake efficiency was 0.71, and physiological utilization efficiency was 68.76 in average. Nitrogen use efficiency of rice cultivars had low variation ranged from 44.09 to 51.91, but nitrogen uptake efficiency were relatively high variation from 0.51 to 0.90, and physiological utilization efficiency was from 51.71 to 94.26. The high efficient group in nitrogen uptake efficiency whose value was calculated above 0.80 included Daeanbyeo, Seojinbyeo, Ansungbyeo, Dongjinbyeo, and Hwaanbyeo, while the low efficient group with below 0.60 was Kwanganbyeo, Sampyeongbyeo, Soorabyeo, and Hwasungbyeo. Hwasungbyeo, Sampyeongbyeo, Soorabyeo for physiological utilization efficiency were more efficient cultivars, while Daeanbyeo, Seojinbyeo, Ansungbyeo were less efficient cultivars. Nitrogen uptake efficiency had positive correlation coefficients between dry matter weight of plant ($0.842^{**}$), leaf area index ($0.761^{**}$), and leaf nitrogen content ($0.599^{**}$), respectively. Therefore, the dry matter weight of rice plant and leaf area index was important characters to evaluate nitrogen uptake efficiency in rice cultivars. Also, more efficient cultivar in nitrogen uptake had higher chlorophyll meter value, which was appeared dark green color.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권1호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2011

본 연구는 대전광역시에서 생육하고 있는 가로수(은행나무와 양버즘나무)를 대상으로 지역별 수종별 광합성 특성 및 수분이용효율, 엽록소 형광반응 그리고 엽록소 함량을 조사 분석하여 환경오염과 수목의 피해 관계를 규명하고 가로수의 향후 유지관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 실시되었다. 조사는 오염이 가장 적을 것으로 사료되는 충남대학교, 신도심 지역으로 교통량이 비교적 적은 대덕연구단지, 다양한 공장이 밀집되어 있는 대화공단, 그리고 교통량이 가장 많고 도로가 오래된 대전역 주변 가로수를 대상으로 실시되었다. 은행나무와 양버즘나무의 광합성 능력은 충남대학교 지역에서 가장 우수하였으며 대전역 지역에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 반면, 수분이용효율은 광합성 능력과 반대로 대전역 지역에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 광화학효율과 엽록소 함량은 광합성 능력과 같은 경향으로 충남대학교 지역에서 가장 우수하였으며, 대전역 지역에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 모든 실험에서 은행나무가 양버즘나무보다 양호한 생리적 반응을 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.832-839
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• 2009

Since construction of the estuarine barrage at the mouth of the Nakdong River, eutrophication and increased abundance of phytoplankton have occurred mainly due to the increased retention time in the reach. However, during the spring, there is a decrease in chlorophyll-a, as a result of an increase in zooplankton number, which preys upon phytoplankton and affects the value of chlorophyll-a. In order to emphasize the importance of zooplankton data in water quality simulation, zooplankton community data were used to simulate water quality and eutrophication at Mulgeum located in 27 km upstream from the barrage. WASP 7.2 was used as the water quality model for the river, using a monthly data set from 2003 to 2005 for model calibration and verification. The results showed that chlorophyll-a, DO, and total nitrogen in the river were simulated well during the verification period. The results of water quality simulation using zooplankton community data in the model were better than those with phytoplankton death rate, in terms of the absolute value of percent bias, root mean square error, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency. Those results indicate the use of zooplankton data provides more accurate simulation results for chlorophyll-a and eutrophication.