• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chitosan, chitosan oligomer and beef tallow of different levels on lipid metabolism in rats, Seventy male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 10 groups according to body weight , and were raised for 4 weeks. Dietary fat levels were 20% en and 40% en, and chitosan and chitosan oligomer were given at levels of 05, 3%, and 5%(wt/wt) of diet. The results are summarized as follows, chitosan oligomer supplement decreased serum total lipid, as chitosan 양, and exhibited a tendency to decrease serum total cholesterol. Chitosan oligomer supplement tended to increase the HDL cholesterol ; total cholesterol ration as chitosan did. Liver total lipid and triglyceride concentration were lower in high fat groups than in low fat groups. Liver total lipid concentrations was decreased slightly by chitosan and sigfnificantly by chitosna ligomer. Epididymal fat pad total lipid. total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were slightly decreased by chitosan and chitosan oligomer supplement, especially in high fat groups. fat absorptivity was decreased by low fat level, chitisan and chitosan oligamer supplement. Fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride were increased by high fat level, chitosan and chi샌무 oligomer supplement. However, fecal excretion of total cholesterol was increased by high fat level and chitosan supplement. This indicated that chitosan and chitosan oligomer were effective in interfering with lipid and triglyceride absorption, In conclusion, chitosan oligomer at levels of 3% and 5% has more effective lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride lowering activity than chitosan.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.689-697
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• 2005

This study was conducted to fine out the preventive effects of chitosan and chitosan oligomer on the disorders of hepatic functions and lipid metabolism induced by 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) using adult male rats (SD) for four weeks. Rats were fed chitosan ($4\%$) or chitosan oligomer ($4\%$) diets respectively before 3weeks of TCDD treatment (50 ug/kg BW) by intraperitoneal injection and then continually supplied these diets for one week until being sacrificed. The elevation of serum total and LDL cholesterol levels induced by TCDD treatment was significantly reduced in the rats fed chitosan diets. The increment of liver triglyceride levels caused by TCDD treatment was tended to suppress in all rats fed chitosan and chitosan oligomer diets. Fecal total lipid and cholesterol excretion were high levels in the rats fed chitosan diets. The hepatic cytosolic catalase activities significantly decreased by TCDD treatment appeared recovering trend by chitosan diets. In hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450, NADPH cytochrome p-450 reductase, ethoxycoumarin-o-deethylase (ECOD) and benzphetamin N-demethylase (BPND) chitosan than chitosan oligomer diets apparently decreased the increasing levels by TCDD treatment. In histochemical observation the fat droplets and apoptosis of hepatocytes by TCDD treatment were markedly alleviated by chitosan and chitosan oligomer diets. These results indicate that chitosan, more than chitosan oligomer can exert preventive effects on some disorders of hepatic functions and lipids accumulation by TCDD.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.365-373
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• 1997

천연 고분자인 키토산의 1차 아민기를 아질산 나트륨에 의해 oxidative-deamination 반응을 일으켜 reducing end에 알데히드기를 갖는 키토산 올리고머를 얻었으며, 이를 수소화붕소산나트륨으로 환원하여 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol로 전환하였다. 얻어진 피토산 올리고머의 평균 중합도는 겔 투과 크로마토그래피를 통해 2정도임을 알 수 있었고, 키토산에 비해 친유성 유기 용매에 대한 높은 용해성을 나타내었다. 키토산 올리고머에 아실클로라이드를 4-디메틸아미노피리딘 촉매하에서 반응시켜 N,N-디아실, O-아실 키토산 올리고머를 합성하였다. 시차주사열량 분석을 실시한 결과 N,N-디라우로일, O-라우로일 키토산 올리고머의 경우 액정 영역을 나타내었고, 편광현미경을 통해 이를 확인할 수 있었다. X-선 회절분석 실험결과 키토산 올리고머와 달리 N,N-디라우로일, O-라우로일 키토산 올리고머는 높은 결정성 구조를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1998

Nonwoven fabric was treated with chitosan solution to impart antimicrobial activities by pad-dry method. Antimicrobial activity was measured by Shake Flask Method. Two chitosans of different molecular weight(Mw) with similar degree of deacetylation(DDA) were used : ca. 1,800(chitosan oligomer : DDA 84%) and 180,000(DDA 86%). Chitosan oligomer displayed high antimicrobial activity against P. vulgaris at 0.01%, S. aureus and E. coli at 0.05% treatment concentration, shelving above 90% of reduction rate. Chitosan of Mw 180,000 was effective against S. aureus, E. coil and P. vulgaris at 0.05% treatment concentration, showing almost 100% reduction rate. While chitosan of Mw 180,000 shelved reduction rate above 75% against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa at 0.5% treatment concentration, chitosan oligomer was not effective against them. Fabrics become stiffer and less air permeable as treatment concentration increases. Liquid strike-through time of the sample treated with 0.5% chitosan oligomer solution (3.0 sec) was comparable with a hydrophilic finished sample commercially available(2.6 sec).

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1998

Nonwoven fabrics for diaper coverstock were treated with chitosan solution by pad-dry method. Two chitosans of different molecular weigh(Mw) with similar degree of deacetylation(DDA) were used: Mw 1,800(chitosan oligomer, DDA 84%). Effect of chitosan treatment on the mechanical properties was investigated using KES-FB system. Primary hand values were calculated from mechanical properties using the same equation as the men's suiting equation with minor modification, and total hand values were calculated using new KN-5LNW equation for nonwoven fabrics developed by Kawabata et al. Increase in chitosan treatment concentration increased B, 2HB, WT, LT and RC, and decreased WC continuously. Chitosan treatment affected other mechanical properties regardless of molecular weight. Considering primary hand values obtained from mechanical properties, it was found that chitosan of Mw 180,000 and chitosan oligomer provided softer, smoother, and more bulky at below 0.05% and above 0.5% treatment concentration respectively. Samples treated with 1.0% chitosan oligomer solution, and 0.01％ chitosan solution of Mw 180,000 showed the best total hand values. (Korean J Human Ecology 1(2):119∼128, 1998)

• 한국가정과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가정과학회 1997년도 가정과학회 총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.33-37
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• 1997

Cotton fabric was treated with chitosan solution by pad-dry(-cure) method to impart antimicrobial properties. Four chitosans of different degree of deacetylation(DAC: 65~95％) with similar molecular weight(ca. 50, 000) and one chitosan oligomer(MW 1, 800, DAC 86％) were used. Antimicribial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by the Shake Flask Method. Treated fabrics were laundered up to 20 times according to AATCC Test Method 60-1986 and antimicrobial activity of laundered fabrics was evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was increased with the concentration and DAC of chitosan used. And the cured samples showed better durability to laundering than not-cured samples. Crosslinker and binder decreased the antimicrobial activity of fabrics treated with chitosan oligomer and were not effective to improve the durability to washing.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2001

The combined effect of water-soluble chitosan oligomer and irradiation on changes in quality of perk sausage made with (156 ppm) or without NaNO$_{2}$ was determined. The pH of nonirradiated sausage without NaNO$_{2}$ decreased significantly during 3 wks of storage, but the pH of irradiated sausage did not. Irradiation at 4.5 kGy did not increase the Hunter color a-value but 10 and 20 kGy showed significantly higher a-values in the sausage with chitosan oligomer (p < 0.05). The sausage with NaNO$_{2}$ had higher sensory scores than that without NaNO$_{2}$, and irradiated sausage had lower scores in overall acceptance. Results indicate that further research is needed to achieve consumers sensory standards for irradiating cooked meat products.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 1998

면직물에 항균성을 부여하기 위하여 패드-건조(-열처리법)에 의해 키토산처리를 하였다. 분자량이 약 50,000으로 비슷하고 탈아세틸화도가 65∼95％인 4종의 키토산과 분자량이 약 1,800이고 탈아세틸화도가 약 86％인 1종의 키토산올리고머를 사용하였다. 키노산올리고머로 처리한 경우에는 세탁내구력을 증진시키기 위하여 가교제 또는 바인더를 가공처리액에 첨가하였다. 항균성은 쉐이크플라스크법에 의해 공시균 Staphylococcus aureus 와 Proteus vulgaris를 사용하여 측정하였다. 세탁내구력은 AATCC Test Method 60-1986 또는 JIS 0217-104에 따라 20회까지 세탁한 후 항균성을 측정하였다. 실험결과, 항균성은 키토산의 농도와 탈아세틸화도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 열처리 유무는 항균성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. AATCC Test Method 60-1986에 따르면 열처리한 시료의 세탁내구력이 열처리하지 않은 시료보다 우수하였다. 가교제나 바인더의 첨가는 키토산올리고머를 처리한 시료의 항균성을 감소시켰으며, JIS 0217-104에 따라 실험한 결과 세탁내구력 향상에 효과가 없었다.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2003년도 제120회 추계학술대회 제 5차 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회
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• pp.545-545
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• 2003

Chitosan is applied as a dressing for oral mucous wound and a tampon following radical treatment of maxillary sinus. Furthermore, it is being investigated as an absorbing membrane for endodontic and periodontic surgeries. A few studies have reported osteoconduction and osteogenesia at the site of chitosan implant in vivo. However, compared with soft tissue healing processes, the mechanisms concerning effects of chitosan for biological mineralization have not yet been resoil In the present study, we studied the gene expression pattern using cDNA microarray and RT-PCR analyses in hard tissue forming osteoblasts cultured with water-soluble and low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that 16 genes were expressed at 〉1.5-fold higher signal ratio levels in the experimental group compared with the control group after 3 days. RT-PCR analysis showed that chitosan oligomer induced an increase in the expression of two genes, CD56 antigen and tissue-type plasminogen activator. Furthermore, the expression of mRNAs for BMP-2 was almost identical in the experimental and control groups after 3 days of culture, but slightly increased after 7 days of culture with chitosan oligomer. These results suggest that a super-low concentration of chitooligosaccharide could modulate the activity of osteoblastic cells through mRNA levels and that the genes concerning cell proliferation and differentiation can be controlled by water-soluble chitosan.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2005

Environmentally and human compatible chitosan were pretreated on cotton fabrics which were then dyed with 100% persimmon juice. The chitosan concentration was 1% and the chitosan types were high molecular weight chitosan (1980cps), low molecular weight chitosan (18첸), chitosan oligomer and water soluble chitosan. The properties of the fabric surfaces, the dyeabilities, the color fastnesses, the antibacterial activities, the strengths, the elongations and the drape stiffnesses were evaluated. The properties of the chitosanpretreated, persimmon juice-dyed cotton fabrics (CLP) were compared to those of the untreated (CN), chitosan treated (CL) and persimmon juice-dyed fabrics (CP). The results were as follows. The fibers extruded from the surface of CN decreased on CP. The air between the fibers within CN were substituted by chitosan solution or persimmon juiceand decreased within CLP according to SEM observations. The effects of chitosan treatment, the chitosan molecular weights and the degrees of deacetylation of chitosan on the dyeabilities of the persimmon juice-dyed cotton fabric were not distinct. The curing after chitosan padding improved the dyeabilities of CLP compare to noncuring. The strengths of CP decreased and those of CL increased, compared to those of CN. The strengths of CLP were greater than those of CP. The elogations of CP and CL were greater than those of CN. The strengths and elongations of CLP were greater than those of CN. The chitosan treatments improved the strengths but not the elongations. The drape stiffnesses of CL, CP and CLP were greater than those of CN. The antibacterial activites of chitosan pretreated, persimmon juice-dyed cotton fabrics against Staphylococcus aureus were increased by more than 98% by persimmon juice.