• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1999

천연 고분자 물질인 chitosan을 효소 가수분해시켜 수용성이며, 이미 이취가 없고 점성이 낮은 chitosan 분해물을 제조하여 식품첨가물로서의 이용가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. Chitosan의 효소적 분해 반응조건을 chitosan : enzyme이 1 : 0.3, $40^{\circ}C$, 20hr으로 정하였을 때 56%의 각 분획별$(M.W.\;3{\sim}100\;kDa)$ 수율을 얻을 수 있었다. 수용성 chitosan의 용해도는 작은 분자량(3 kDa 이하)일수록 증가하였으며, 점도는 분자량이 클수록 증가하였고, 고분자량(100 kDa 이상)에서는 pH가 높을수록 점도가 증가하였다. 지방 결합능력은 저분자$(3{\sim}30\;kDa)$ chitosan에서는 약 500%의 지방결합능력을 나타내었고, 30 kDa 이상의 고분자량에서는 약 800%의 지방결합능력을 나타내었다. 유화 안정성은 저분자의 수용성 chitosan일수록 낮은 유화안정성을 나타내었고, 냉동-해동 안정성은 분자량에 관계없이 안정적으로 나타났다. 표면색도는 각 분자량대별로 별 차이가 나타나지 않았다. Cholesterol 결합능력은 $3{\sim}0.2\;kDa$의 chitosan 분해물질이 가장 작은 결합력(24.7%)을 보였고, 나머지 chitosan 분해물질은 비슷한 결합력을 보였다. 수용성 chitosan의 관능적 특성은 분자량$(3{\sim}100\;kDa)$이 작을수록 쓴맛과 떫은맛의 강도가 현저히 낮게 나타났고, 큰 분자량(100 kDa 이상)에서는 비린내가 감지되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.639-643
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• 2009

키토산 가수분해물의 세포 독성 및 항종양성 실험에서 키토산 가수분해물은 정상세포주인 Vero E6(Africa green monkey kidney cell)에 대한 세포 독성을 거의 나타내지 않았다. 정상세포주에 대한 키토산 가수분해물의 $IC_{50}$값은 1,107.95 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$이었다. 키토산 가수분해물은 폐암 세포주인 A549, 방광암 세포주인 J82, 대장암 세포주인 SNU-C4, 위암 세포주인 SNU-1, 유방암 세포주인 ZR75-1 등과 같은 사람의 종양세포주에 대한 in vitro 항종양성을 나타내었다. 종양세포주에 대한 키토산 가수분해물의 $IC_{50}$값은 A549, J82, SNU-C4, SNU-1, ZR75-1 세포주의 경우에 각각 421.06 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 417.99 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 445.54 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, 380.65 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and 460.49 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1065-1070
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• 1996

Chitosan이 항돌연변이 활성을 나타내는 분자량 범위를 알아보기 위해, chitosan 가수분해물의 3-amino-1methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole(Trp-P-2), aflatoxin $B_1$, 2-nitrofluorene 및 4-nitroquinoline oxide에 대한 억제활성을 Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay와 SOS chromotes로 조하였다. Chitosan을 산가수분해한 후 한외여과하여 6가지 fraction를(분가량 1,000 이하, $1,000{\sim}3,000,\;3,000{\sim}10,000,\;10,000{\sim}30,000,\;30,000{\sim}100,000$, 100,000 이상)의 chitosan 가수분해물을 제조하였다. 제조된 각 fraction의 탈아세틸화도는 큰 차이가 없었으며, 시료 자체의 pH가 복귀 돌연변이수와 SOS 유도 반응에 미치는 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 얻어진 fraction별로 Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay를 실시한 결과, Trp-P-2에 대한 항돌연변이 활성은 fraction 6의 5% 농도에서 78%, aflatoxin $B_1$에 대해서는 fraction 5의 10% 농도에서 92%, 그리고 2-nitrofluorene에 대해서는 fraction 6의 5% 농도에서 51%의 최고 활성을 나타냈다. 한편 SOS chromotest에서는 Trp-P-2에 대하여 $0{\sim}54%$, 4-nitroquinoline oxide에 대하여 $0{\sim}77%$의 억제 활성을 나타냈다.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2020

Most reports demonstrated the substrate specificity-based kinetic properties of chitin or chitosan degrading enzymes. However, there is virtually less information on the high quality and quantity production of chitin or chitosan hydrolysates having a larger than (GlcN)₇ from the hydrolysis of high molecular weight chitosan using specific enzymes and their biological activity. Therefore, the production of such molecules and the discovery of such enzyme sources are very important. Fortunately, the author has established a mass production method of chitosan hydrolysates (GlcN)_n, n=2-13 that have been characterized as a potent antioxidant substance, as well as antifungal and antibacterial activities against Penicillium species and highly selective pathogenic bacteria. In addition, preclinical studies using (GlcN)_n, n=5-25 demonstrated that these molecules played a very important role in maintaining biometric balance. Collectively, it is implicated that the application of these mixed substances to foods with significant biological activity is very encouraging.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1363-1370
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• 1999

게껍질 기원의 chitosan을 산가수분해 및 한외여과법으로 제조한 후, 그들의 분자량에 따른 대식세포 활성증진능을 측정하였다. Continuous macrophage cell line J774A.1을 이용한 nitrite 분비능을 비교한 결과, intactchitosan의 농도가 $10\;{\mu}g/ml$일 때 최고의 분비능을 나타냈다. 대식세포의 hydrogen peroxide 분비능은 chitosan 가수분해물 분획 5의 $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 $894\;{\mu}M/mg$ macrophage protein을 나타냈으며 chitosan 가수분해물 분획 6의 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$농도에서는 $1,044\;{\mu}M/mg$ macrophage protein의 최고 분비능을 나타냈다. 또 한 $IL-1{\alpha}$ 분비능은 분획 4, 분회 6 및 intact chitosan 에서만 나타났고, tumor necrosis factor의 경우도 chitosan 가수분해물 분획 4, 분회 5, 분회 6 및 Intract chitosan에서 분비능이 컸다. 결론적으로 chitosan 가수분해물 중에서 HPLC법으로 측정한 분사량이 $24,000{\sim}64,000$인 chitosan 가수분해물 분획 4, 분획 5 및 분획 6이 반응성 질소종 분비능을 제외한 대식세포 활성 증 진능이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 춘계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.86-87
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• 2000

Chitosan (deacetylated form of chitin) possesses strong antibacterial activities such as antimicrobial effect, antifungal effect and the induction of plant defense response. Chitosan itself, however, has high molecular weight and viscosity as well as water-insolubility, These natures may restrict applications in various fields, especially in in vivo system. While the hydrolysates of chitosan, chitooligosaccharides (COS) are not only lower in the molecula. weight and viscosity, but also water-soluble. Thus, they would be expected more efficient absorption in vivo. Besides several documents have been reported antibacterial activities of COS against microorganisms (Kendra et al., 1989; Uchida et al., 1989). (omitted)

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2006

Foods and related substances from diverse sources known to have a potential for disease risk reduction are called functional foods, while nutraceuticals are bioactive compounds isolated from food and sold in dosage form. Nutraceutical and functional food industries are rapidly growing in recent years and most of the cases development of these functional materials involves certain biotransformation processes. A number of bioactive compounds has been identified up to date and isolated from seafood related products through enzyme-mediated hydrolysis. The enzymatic bioconversion process require suitable biocatalysts and appropriate bioreactor systems to incubate byproducts with digestive enzymes. Membrane bioreactor technology is recently emerging for the development of bioactive compounds from seafood processing byproducts.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.839-846
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• 1994

Changing concepts in fishery science increasingly are recognizing depletion of traditional stocks, utilization of alternate(non-traditional) species, demand for high quality products, and a total resource utilization approach. Innovative practices are occurring in fisheries processing wherein solid and liquid discharges are no longer treated as 'waste,' but rather as valuable feedstocks for recovery of a variety of value-added ('value enhanced') by-products. Among these are protein hydrolysates, soluble proteins and amino acids, proteolytic enzymes, flavor and flavor extracts, pigments, and biopolymers such as chitosan. Properties and applications of this deacetylated derivative of chitin are noted. Crustacean processing by-products are discussed in terms of their serving as materials for generation of natural flavors and flavor extracts, and products such as fish sauces using contemporary enzymatic techniques. Various food and feed applications of fisheries processing by-products are illustrated with increased usage seen in formulated diets for an expanding aquaculture market. Examples are given of aquaculture becoming increasingly significant in global fisheries resource projections. Critical issues in the international seafood industry Include those of seafood quality, processing quality assurance (HACCP), and recognition of the nutritional and health-related properties of fisheries products. A variety of current seafood processing research is discussed, including that of alternate fish species for surimi manufacture and formulation of value-added seafood products from crawfish and blue crab processing operations. Increasing emphasis is being placed on international aspects of global fisheries and the role of aquaculture in such considerations. Coupled with the need for the aquatic food industry to develop innovative seafood products for the 21st century is that of total resource utilization. Contemporary approaches in seafood processing recognize the need to discard the traditional concept of processing 'waste' and adapt a more realistic, and economically sound, approach of usable by-products for food and feed application. For example, in a period of declining natural fishery resources it is no longer feasible to discard fish frames following fillet removal when a significant amount of residual valuable flesh is present that can be readily recovered and properly utilized in a variety of mince-based formulated seafood products.