• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2009

This study observes how the combined intervention program effects on the acquisition reading pronunciation of Korean phonological process words and the acquisition aspects of each phonological process rules to four Korean learners whose first language is Chinese. The training program is the combination of multisensory Auditory, Visual and Kinethetic (AVK) approach, wholistic approach, and metalinguistic approach. The training purpose is to evaluate how accurately they read the words of the phonological process which have fortisization, nasalization, lateralization, intermediate sound /ㅅ/ (/${\int}iot"$/). We access how they read the untrained words which include the four factors above. The intervention effects are analyzed by the multiple probe across subjects design. The results indicate that the combined phonological process rule explanation and the words activity intervention affects the four Chinese subjects in every type of word. The implications of the study are these: First, it suggests the effect of Korean pronunciation intervention in a concrete way. Second, it offers how to evaluate the phonological process and how to train people who are learning Korean language.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2015

We developed a test of English silent word reading, following work by Mather, Hammill, Allen and Roberts (2004) and Bell, McCallum, Krik, Fuller, and McCane-Bowling (2007), in order to tap Hong Kong Chinese children's reading of English as a foreign language. We created one subtest of individual word reading and another of word reading contextualized within sentences; together, these tests require no more than 10 minutes for administration. In Study 1, we administered the entire test to 552 second grade Hong Kong Chinese children between the ages of 70 and 121 months old, from five different primary schools. The association between the subtests of English silent word reading and contextual reading was positively correlated (.78). In Study 2, 77 Hong Kong Chinese second graders were tested on our newly developed English silent word reading test, together with non-verbal IQ, an English word reading and a Chinese character recognition test (both read aloud). With age and non-verbal IQ statistically controlled, there was a significant correlation between English silent word reading and the more standard English word reading, read aloud, (.78); the association between English silent word reading and Chinese character recognition was also positively correlated (.49). This newly created test is a quick and reliable measure, suitable for both educators and researchers to use to identify poor readers who learn English as a foreign or second language.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2012

When two speakers read a text together, the produced speech has been shown to reduce a high degree of variability (e.g., pause duration and placement, and speech rate). This paper provides a quantitative analysis of speech rate variation exhibited in synchronous speech by examining the global and local patterns in two dialects of Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan and Shanghai). We analyzed the speech data in terms of mean speech rate and the reference of "Just Noticeable difference (JND)" within a subject and across subjects. Our findings show that speakers show lower and less variable speech rates when they read a text synchronously than when they read alone. This global pattern is observed consistently across speakers and dialects maintaining the unique local variation patterns of speech rate for each dialect. We conclude that paired speakers lower their speech rates and decrease the variability in order to ensure the synchrony of their speech.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.21-42
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• 2016

Purpose: Social influence has a decisive role in shaping a person's cognition and behavior. Chinese face consciousness, including moral component, is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, which influences people to implement moral behavior. With both eye-tracking technology and traditional questionnaire, this research aims to explore people's moral psychology and the psychological processing mechanisms of Chinese face consciousness, as well as the impact of Chinese face consciousness on the preference for the ecological product. Method and Data: 75 college and MBA students' eye movement data were collected when they read different kinds of moral materials, as well as data from the subsequent questionnaires. To test the hypothesis, ANOVA analysis and Heat Map analysis were performed. Besides, the PROCESS of bootstrap was used to test mediation effect. Findings: The results reveal that: 1. Compared to the moral-situation reading, when subjects read immoral situations, they need more processing time due to the moral dissonance and cognitive load. 2. Compared to the control condition, when threatened moral self is primed, subjects prefer to choose ecological product. 3. Protective face orientation is the mediator between threatened moral self and preference to ecological product. Key Contributions: First, this study broadens the use of eye-tracking technology in marketing and demonstrates a better understanding of the relationship between morality and consumer behavior in a more scientific way. Second, this study not only distinguishes the meanings between "protective face orientation" and "acquisitive face orientation", but also innovatively validates that when moral self is threatened, consumers tend to choose ecological product as moral compensation in order to protect their face. It can shed light on the promotion of ecological product in practical applications.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

This study investigates the difference in the evaluation of foreign-accentedness of English pronunciation across subject groups, evaluated accents, and compared components. This study independently evaluates the prosody and segmentals of the foreign-accented English sentences by pairwise difference rating. Using the prosody swapping technique, segmentals and prosody of the English sentences read by native speakers of American English (one male and one female) were combined with the corresponding segmentals and prosody of the English sentences read by male and female native speakers of Chinese, Japanese or Korean (one male and one female from each native language). These stimuli were evaluated by 4 different subject groups: native speakers of American English, Korean, Chinese, and Japanese. The results showed that the Japanese subject group scored higher in prosody difference than in segmental difference while the other groups scored the other way around. This study is significant in that the attitude toward the difference in segmentals and prosody of the foreign accents of English varies with the native language of the subject group. In other words, for native speakers of some languages, the difference in prosody could have a greater influence on the foreign-accentedness than the difference in segmentals, while for native speakers of other languages the other way around.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2020

In order to solve the contradiction between requirements of high sampling rate for acquiring accurate energy information of pulses and large amount of data to be processed timely, the method with an algorithm to correct errors caused by reducing the sampling rate is normally used in front-end read-out system, which is conductive to extract accurate energy information from digitized waveform of pulse. The functions and effects of algorithms, which mainly include polynomial fitting with different fitting times, double exponential function fitting under different sampling modes, and integral area algorithm, are analyzed and evaluated, and some meaningful results is presented in this paper. The algorithm described in the paper has been used preliminarily in a prototype system of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for heavy-ion cancer therapy facility.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.313-332
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 도서선택, 독서지도, 장서구성 등에 도움을 주기 위하여 여고생 독자들이 반복하여 독서하는 책들을 조사하여 분석하는 것이다. 여고생들에게 설문지를 배포하여 그들의 반복독서 경험에 관하여 조사하고 분석한 결과 밝힌 사실들을 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1. 거의 모든 여고생들이 반복독서 경험을 가지고 있다. 2. 도서를 반복하여 읽을 경우 대부분의 여고생들은 $2{\sim}5$회 사이에서 도서를 반복해 읽는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 대부분(70.2%)의 여고생들이 가장 기억에 남는 도서를 반복하여 읽었다고 응답하였다. 4. 가장 많은 응답자들이 다독한 도서는 <어린왕자>, <그리스 로마신화>, <가시고기>, <나의 라임오렌지나무>, <아낌없이 주는 나무>, <해리포터> 등의 순으로 나타났다. 5. 종합적 반복 횟수를 이용하여 중요도를 계산한 결과 가장 중요도가 높은 도서는 <어린왕자>, <그리스로마 신화>, <해리포터>. <아낌없이 주는 나무>, <나의 라임오렌지 나무>. <가시고기>등의 순으로 나타났다.

• 중국학논총
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• 제66호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2020

Chinese for Journalism and Communication (CJC) is used not only to communicate, gather, read and understand the news and information in the daily life, but also to work as a professional in journalism. It includes daily CJC and professional CJC. It has similarities and difference with journalism terms. The lexical values of CJC words includes: recognition value, frequency value, composition value, and aggregation value.

• 인지과학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.243-263
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 단어 사이에 삽입된 공백이 중국어 모국어 화자와 한국인 학습자(초급, 중급, 고급)의 중국어 글 읽기에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 안구운동 추적을 통하여 살펴보았다. 참가자들에게 단어 사이에 공백을 삽입한 '공백 삽입' 조건과 그렇지 않은 '공백 무삽입' 조건의 평이한 중국어 문장을 읽도록 요구했다. 실험 결과, 문장 수준 분석에서 공백 삽입 조건이 공백 무삽입 조건에 비해 길이가 더욱 길어졌음에도 불구하고 두 조건의 문장 고정 횟수는 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 문장 독해 시간과 평균 고정 시간은 오히려 공백 삽입 조건이 더욱 짧았다. 단어 수준 분석에서 참가자들의 독해 시간과 고정 횟수가 모두 공백 무삽입 조건에 비해 공백 삽입 조건에서 더욱 적게 나타났다. 또한, 참가자들의 중국어 수준이 낮을수록, 독해 시간과 고정 횟수에서 두 조건의 차이가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과는 공백이 단어 재인과 문장 처리에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 이러한 영향은 중국어 수준이 낮을수록 크게 작용한다는 것을 보여준다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2012

This study investigates an independent evaluation of prosody and segmentals with reference to the difference in the foreign accent of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese learners of English. For this study, a set of stimuli were made of English sentences read by male and female Korean, Chinese, and Japanese learners of English by prosody swapping technique. Two groups of American and Korean subjects evaluated the difference in the prosody and segmentals of the stimuli by pairwise difference rating. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the evaluation scores of prosody and segmentals across accents for either subject group. The results also showed that both subject groups indicated a greater score with segmentals than with prosody. The results of the present study are significant in that they are opposite to the claim of some previous studies that prosodic factors could have a greater influence on the foreign accent and intelligibility than segmentals.