• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.634-650
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of relationship and service marketing on the brand interest and behaviors among Korean and Chinese active senior consumers and whether this effect differed between the two groups. A survey was conducted by having participants complete questionnaires administered by a research firm. For empirical analysis, frequency, EFA, CFA, SEM, the metric invariance test, and multiple-group comparison analysis were performed. The analysis results revealed that relationship marketing positively affected both brand interest and consumer behavior. Although service marketing positively affected brand interest, it did not have a significant effect on consumer behavior. In other words, brand interest positively affected consumer behavior through relationship and service marketing. Multiple-group comparison analysis demonstrated that no difference existed between Korean and Chinese active consumers in terms of how relationship marketing affected their brand interest, but a difference existed in how it affected their behavior. Service marketing had a greater influence on Chinese active senior consumers' brand interest than on Korean active senior consumers. However no difference existed between the two groups with respect to how service marketing affected their behaviors. Finally, brand interest had a positive effect only on Korean active senior consumers' behavior through relationship and service marketing, but not on Chinese active senior consumers. In conclusion, relationship and service marketing should be used to enhance the brand interest among Korean active senior consumers, and business activities should be planned by building relationships with Chinese active senior consumers to affect their behavior.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.51-61
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• 2018

Purpose - To active the Korea kimchi distribution, this study aims to investigate the effect of Korea national image and kimchi image on kimchi purchase intention. this study suggest the strategies for kimchi export to China by examining how the Chinese perceptions of Korean kimchi. Research design, data, and methodology - For this study, empirical analysis was conducted based on survey results. A questionnaire was distributed to a total of 400 Chinese consumers. Of these, 280 were collected and 278 were used for statistical processing, excluding 2 that were found to be unsuitable for analysis. This study was performed by the regression analysis using the spss24 statistical program. Results - As a results, It was not significant that the Chinese consumers' familiarity on the Korea image will have a positive effect on their kimchi purchase intention. On the other hand, the kimchi/Korean food image of Chinese consumers' will increase their kimchi consumption experience. Conclusions - The Chinese consumers' positive image on kimchi/Korean food in terms of the unique characteristics of kimchi, health aspects and preference of kimchi is positively influenced when they have higher image on Korea related to its national characteristics, and that of the higher image for Korea has a positive effect on kimchi purchase intention.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.32-47
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• 2017

As the popularity of Korean drama and celebrities in China, Korean fashion is becoming increasingly popular in the Chinese market. Although the effect of Korean drama on Chinse consumers' attitudes toward Korean products are known, little research has been conducted to understand the mechanisms underlying the impact of Korean drama on the development of consumer attitudes. Thus, this study examines how Chinese consumers' exposure to Korean dramas has influenced their attitudes towards Korean fashion products. Applying the similarity-attraction theory, the study explores the roles Chinese consumers' perceived similarities in appearance and values with Korean characters in TV dramas plays in the process of attitude development. Data was collected via an online survey and the responses of 317 Chinese consumers in their twenties were used for data analysis. The results of structural equation modeling show that exposure to Korean dramas has a direct impact on Chinese consumers' perceived appearance similarity, perceived value similarity, image of Korean people, and attitudes toward Korean fashion products-results that support the theory of mere exposure. In addition, the analysis demonstrates that perceived appearance similarity positively influences the image of Koreans among Chinese people, which, in turn, influences attitudes toward Korean fashion products, supporting the similarity-attraction theory. However, the effect of perceived value similarity on attitude toward Korean fashion products was not significant. The study concludes by describing its practical implications for the Korean fashion industry and presenting ideas for future research.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.112-123
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• 2017

This study investigated if there are differences between Korean and Chinese consumers among the determinants of consumer complaint intention, type of complaint intention, and traits of complaining behavior. Sample subjects used in this study were female college students in Jeollabukdo and Jeollanamdo, Korea and Yunnam, China. Questionnaire data from 780 college students(Korea: 441, China: 339) were analyzed through a reliability analysis, factor analysis, frequence, mean, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, complaint intention of college students was divided into 3 factors, voice, private, and third party. Second, the findings of regression analysis for the total sample showed that the determinants of the factor 'voice' were the country, salespeople, product involvement, complaint cost, psychological tension, and social benefit. Whereas, the determinants of the factor 'private' were the producer, product involvement, psychological tension, and social benefit. Also, the determinants of the factor 'third party' were the country, oneself, salespeople, complaint cost, personal norms, and social benefit. Third, significant differences were indicated in the determinants of the 'voice', 'private' and 'third party' factors of complaint intention between Korean and Chinese consumers. Fourth, the complaint intention factors of 'voice' and 'third party' of Chinese consumers were higher than Korean consumers. Fifth, the attributions to dissatisfaction of Korean consumers were higher than Chinese consumers, and the product involvement, possibility for success, and consumer complaint attitudes of Chinese consumers were revealed to be higher than Korean consumers.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.161-181
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• 2010

This thesis researches how country image and product attributes as well as brand personality influence U.S.A, Chinese and Indian Consumers' Korean automobile brand selection and the strategic implications of this study are as follows. First, Country image and Brand personality have more influence on U.S.A Consumers than Chinese and Indian consumers on selection of Korean automobiles. Second, All three of consumers have more influence by product attributes than other two factors, Chinese consumers has more influences by product attributes than U.S.A and Indian consumers have. Throughout this study it can be acutely recognized that brand personality and product attributes as well as country image influence on selection of automobiles made in Korea although there exist differences among three other consumers. This study suggests Hyundai automobiles in U.S.A, China and India need effort to develop representative brands with a unique personality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.440-449
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• 2020

This study examined the factors influencing the purchase intention of meat substitutes. A survey was conducted on 589 consumers in Korea (297 people) and China (292 people). The perception of meat substitute foods was lower in Korean consumers than in Chinese consumers, but there was no significant difference. The purchase intention of meat substitute foods was lower in Korean consumers than in Chinese consumers (p<0.01). Korean consumers' perception of meat substitute foods was higher in males than in females (p<0.01). The purchase intention of meat substitute foods also showed the same trend (p<0.001). Chinese consumers' perception of meat substitute foods was higher in males than in females. The overall purchase intention of meat substitute foods was significantly higher in males than in females (p<0.05). The perception of meat substitute foods by Korean consumers' was higher in their 40s and 50s than in their 20s and 30s. The purchase intention of meat substitute foods was also high in their 40s and 50s (p<0.01). On the other hand, the perception of meat substitute foods by Chinese consumers' was higher in their 20s and 30s than in their 40s and 50s (p<0.01). The purchase intention of meat substitute foods also showed the same trend (p<0.01). Korean consumers' perception of meat substitute foods had a significant positive effect on the purchase intention of meat substitutes (p<0.001). Chinese consumers' perception of meat substitute foods also had a significant positive effect on the purchase intention of meat substitute foods (p<0.001). Overall, food technology neophobia has a significant negative effect on the purchase intention of meat substitutes (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.296-307
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop processed foods that can be tailored to the tastes of consumers in countries to enter domestic and foreign markets utilizing fresh Korean pears, in which the consumption is decreasing. A survey was also conducted on three types of samples (pear jelly, pear rice cake, and pear muffin). As a result, both Korean and Chinese women aged in their 20s preferred pear muffins the most among the pear products evaluated. Pear jelly and rice cake were preferred by Chinese consumers because of their sweet taste (p<0.05). Pear rice cakes were preferred because of their texture (p<0.05). Pear muffins were not significant in all items except for odor/flavor and sweetness, but Korean consumers had a high preference for them and showed a significant preference for colors (p<0.05). Pear muffins were most familiar to both Korean and Chinese consumers showing a high willingness to purchase. An analysis of the preference inducement factors of consumers in each country of the three processed foods containing pears using Check-All-That-Reply (CATA) showed that the consumers of both countries preferred the 'pear odor/flavor' characteristics of pear jelly, and that pear rice cakes were preferred by Chinese consumers compared to Korean consumers. Pear muffins were preferred by Korean consumers. Overall, pear muffins are the product expected to be most suitable for female consumers in Korea and China aged in their 20s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1104-1115
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• 2008

The main purpose of this study is to analyze how differences in lifestyle affect the consumer decision making process on Korean and Chinese consumers. We conducted a survey on 210 female college students to gather the data needed. Through this study we were able to distinguish five different type of lifestyles; the confident, the charismatic, the vogue pursuing, the competitive, and the sociable. We also found out that the consumers of Korea and China with different lifestyles act differently throughout the decision making process. Chinese consumers were more influenced by advertising than Korean consumers. Korean and Chinese consumers also showed a difference in the perception of cosmetic prices, purchasing motivations, types of cosmetics, and where it was made from. Both Chinese and Korean consumers are influenced by salesperson more than any other marketing variables at point of purchase. The findings of this study are expected to help marketer make successful marketing strategy for cosmetics business in China.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.513-522
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• 2021

The current research aims to explore which type of identity-based message can be more persuasive for Chinese consumers to form positive restaurant brand attitude based on their cultural orientation, and to examine the roles of brand objective relevance and psychological power state in the persuasive process. The study employs a 2(identity expression focus: warmth vs. competence) × 2(message description manner: identity-defining vs. identity-referencing) × 2(experienced power state: high vs. low) between-subjects design, and conducts an online survey where 240 Chinese participants in total has responded to the questionnaires. SPSS and AMOS programs have been used to examine the hypotheses. The findings suggest that, first, the warmth-focused messages (identity-defining messages) more positively affected Chinese consumers' object relevance than the competence-focused messages (identity-referencing messages); Second, high power-experienced Chinese consumers rather than low power consumers tend to perceive more object relevance at the warmth self-defining messages; Third, brand object relevance revealed a mediation effect in the process of the warmth-focused messages (identity-defining messages) affecting brand attitude. This research offers new insight into the relationships between consumers' cultural orientation, understandings of power, and identity-based consumer behavior, suggesting marketers should take those social influences and consumer diversities into account when developing the message to persuade consumers.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.574-585
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• 2019

The acceleration of digital transformation (DX) has resulted in SNS influencer marketing trends becoming the mainstream of the new market. SNS influencers act as early adopters in the process of new products being accepted. Chinese consumers are most affected by Hallyu, which increases interest in K-beauty products. This study analyzes how K-beauty SNS influencers are related to Chinese consumers. A survey was conducted among Chinese millennial consumers after watching videos provided by K-beauty SNS influencer; subsequently, 456 responses were used for data analysis. As a result, the analysis based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) distinguishes the central route and the peripheral route in the process of Chinese consumers accepting new SNS products. The study findings suggested that information quality, credibility, accuracy, and usefulness had significant effects on acceptance intention for new products among central route factors, and similarity, trustworthiness, pleasure, expertise, and attractiveness also had significant effects on the acceptance intention of new product among peripheral route factors. It was found that variables of the central route, rather than those of peripheral route, had stronger effects on the acceptance intention for new products. Consequently, the central route of K-beauty SNS influencer is more important to Chinese consumers' acceptance of new products. It is expected that this study will offer beauty influencer marketing-based cosmetics brands efficient consumer management suggestions.