• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.184-187
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• 2004

In case of a semi-forcing culture for vegetable perilla, the following research results on the effect of black polyethylene mulching, the optimum sowing season, and the seedling stand improvement method were drawn. Soil temperature was higher and the emergence was faster in a black polyethylene mulching culture than in a non-mulching culture. However, the mature was late, the main stem were larger, and the seed yield, as well as the leaf yield, was greater in a mulching culture than in a non-mulching culture. Considering growth and chilling injury, the stable sowing season of vegetable perilla was judged to be the early in January. The covering materials for improvement of the seedling stand can be a non-woven fabric and hyaline polyethylene. However, the non-woven fabric seemed to be quite suitable in view of the stability and convenience of control after the emergence of perilla.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.156-162
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• 2001

최근 겨울동안에 폭설과 강풍과 같은 기상이변이 잦아지면서 기상재해와 함께 정전에 의한 시설 원예작물의 저온피해도 빈번하게 발생하고 있으나, 실제적으로는 어느 정도의 피해가 있는지 파악되지 못하고 있으며 피해 예측에 관한 정보도 축적되어 있지 못한 실정으로 이에 관련된 연구가 요구되고있다. 시설 재배시 겨울철 온도환경 관리에 대한 연구는 주로 난방비 절약을 위한 저온관리 한계온도 구명(Tanaka 등, 1986), 또는 근권부 온도 조절에 의한 작물의 생산성 증진 연구와 같은 실용적 측면의 연구(Lee, 1994; Fujie와 Saidou, 1983) 및 저온 장해의 생리기작(Herner, 1990; Patterson 등, 1976; Reyes와 Jennings, 1994; Wolk와 Herner, 1982; Wright and Simon, 1973)에 관련된 연구가 수행되고 있으며 냉온 피해를 받을 당시의 전후환경조건과 산화작용에 관련된 연구는 토마토(Kerdnaimongkol 등, 1997) 등 몇 개 작물(King 등 1982)에서 보고된바 있다.(중략)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1314-1317
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• 2011

To evaluate the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) application on scalder and chiller water on Campylobacter contamination, four different treatments under three different water conditions including hard scalder water ($55^{\circ}C$), soft scalder water ($45^{\circ}C$) and chiller water, were applied as follows: i) a control treatment with no salt and no electric treatment, ii) a PEF only treatment, iii) a PEF treatment with 0.5% salt water, and iv) a PEF treatment with 1% salt water treatment. The use of PEF in hard scalding water showed an effect of reducing Campylobacter when compared to the control during the 200 s timeframe. With the addition of salt, the intervention caused at least 5.81 log CFU/ml reduction of Campylobacter counts after 200 s of PEF exposure. Similar effects were observed under soft scalding conditions. Campylobacter reductions were evident under chilling conditions with up to 2.00 log for PEF only, 5.77 log for PEF+0.5% salt and 2.69 log for PEF+1% salt treatment in water. Therefore, the current PEF setting for the scalder and chiller water can be successfully used to reduce pathogenic loads of Campylobacter on broiler chicken carcasses, and further research may be necessary to apply it in the poultry processing industry.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 1984

This paper is presented for showing the effect of cooling rate on dendrite arm spacing, correlated with the chilling power of molding materials (conventional plaster, foamed plaster, silica sand) and section thickness, and also showing relationship between dendrite arm spacing and mechanical properties for an aluminum - 8.6 percent silicon - 3.6 percent copper alloy. Local solidification time $(t_f)$ and secondary dendrite arm spacing (d) could be varied widely in accordance with the molding materials and casting thickness, and the following relationship is obtained: $d=9.4t_f\;^{0.31}$ A good correlation between dendrite arm spacing and mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, hardness was found, that is, mechanical properties decreased in a linear manner with increase in log of secondary dendrite arm spacing. Ultimate tensile strength in conventional plaster mold casting decreased by 15 percent comparing with the sand casting, where as in foamed plaster mold casting, it decreased by 30 percent comparing with the sand casting. From those results, it has been verified that DAS might be the most representative parameter for predicting mechanical properties varing with the different cooling condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.17-25
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• 2002

Application of electrical stimulation in the red meat species (eg. beef and sheep) processing has been erratic around the world and this may reflect an incomplete knowledge of how to optimise the technology. Although it is well established that stimulation increases the rate of post-mortem glycolysis other biochemical and biophysical effects have been implicated with the use of this technology. On the basis of currently available knowledge, this mini-review seeks to examine the current theories about the effect of stimulation on post-mortem muscle. The classical view that stimulation prevents muscle from shortening excessively during rigor development has been expanded to include the possibility that it also results in physical disruption of muscle structure. The interaction of these effects with the acceleration of the rate of proteolysis through activation of the calpain protease system has not been comprehensively reviewed in the past. As a result of conclusion driven, this article highlights several areas that may prove fruitful for further research. The challenge for further development of electrical stimulation systems is optimisation of the activation of the enzyme systems in parallel with manipulation of chilling regimes so as to ensure rigor mortis is achieved at temperatures which minimise shortening. The potential of regional stimulation of sections of the carcass to achieve this outcome is worthy of study given the different fibre composition of muscles and temperature gradients.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to report the effect of Traditional Korean Medicine to Rheumatoid arthritis after parturition. Methods: A woman who complained of arthralgia, edema, sweating and chilling after parturition was enrolled in this study. We treated her by oriental treatments (herb medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion) to improve her symptoms. We checked her by symptoms and serologic test. Results: After treatments, the clinical symptoms and serologic signs improved. Conclusions: This case study shows that TKM treatment is effective for rheumatoid arthritis after parturition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.119-124
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• 2006

This study was carried out at the Chuncheon Substation, National Institute of Crop Science to determine the effect of cold water irrigation on the milling and polished quality of rice, as well as its physicochemical and amylogram characteristics, and palatability Chilling by Irrigation of cold water $(17^{\circ}C)$ induced delay of days to heading, reduction of culm length, inferiority of panicle exsertion and high sterility of panicle. Head rice ratio was decreased, while the percentage of chalky and creak rice increased with increasing sterility over from 20%. Protein content was gained 0.9-2.0% more than, while whiteness and palatability of the milled grain were reduced under cold water irrigation treatment. Significant decrease in maximum viscosity and breakdown viscosity of rice flour was investigated under cold water treatment by amylogram analysis, while the initial gelatinization temperature and setback viscosity were increased. Sensory panel test showed that the palatability of cooked rice was unfavorable and its stickiness was lower compared with that under normal condition. Differences in the aroma of cold-treated and untreated cooked rice were not performed significantly.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.921-932
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• 2006

Management to improve beef tenderness is always been a historical idea, but during the recent past it has become an issue of prime importance to the meat scientists and the industries as well. Variation in tenderness is the prime explanation for consumer’s dissatisfaction for the concern meat. It has been well documented that both postmortem proteolysis and sarcomere length have significant effect on meat tenderness and its consistency. Electrical stimulation and tenderstretch techniques have been used by a number of countries to underpin carcass quality assurance schemes focused on eating quality. The mechanism(s) by which the postmortem interventions improve tenderness (or prevent toughness) has not been fully elucidated. However, it is evident that electrical stimulation accelerates the development of rigor mortis so that prevention of cold shortening is possible and ageing commences at higher temperatures. On the other hand, tendersretch appears to prevent meat toughness via placing tension of the myofibrils and connective matrix during rigor development. Previous findings indicated that electrical stimulation and tenderstretch improved beef tenderness even for fattened cattle under moderate chilling conditions. Recent studies demonstrate beef tenderness to be one of the most important factors determining satisfaction levels of Korean beef consumers. There are number of studies which reported that electrical stimulation and tenderstretch techniques improved Hanwoo tenderness and color. It is believed that the techniques are mostly useful wherein controls of carcass size, fatness and/or chilling regimes are not easy such as Korean beef industry. However, Korean beef industry is one such area where postmortem intervention techniques have not been adopted so far. Taking into consideration of the Korean beef industry, wherein carcass size and fatness varies the post-slaughter intervention technique could be the most feasible measurement to ensure eating quality. The manuscript attempts to highlight the current knowledge aiming primarily towards the assurance of beef tenderness.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the effects of incubation time after cooling on mouse meiotic spindle and chromosome alignment and the optimal incubation time for their restoration. Oocytes at the metaphase II were obtained from superovulated mice. Control oocytes were held at 37$^{\circ}C$ during the experiment. Oocytes were rapidly cooled to $0^{\circ}C$, held for 30 minutes, warmed and incubated at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, respectively. The morphological features of spindle and chromosomes in oocytes were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. Meiotic spindle of control oocytes exhibited a normal-looking bipolar configuration(barrel-shaped) and highly fluorescent microtubles. The chromosomes were clustered in a discrete bundles at metaphase plate. Disassembly of meiotic spindle and chromosome dispersion were occurred immediately after chilling of oocyte. Fluorescence intensity index(FIS), normal chromosomes aligned and normal spindle configuration were compared according to incubation time at 37$^{\circ}C$. Restoration of a barrel-shaped spindle and normal chromosome alignment was occurring after 5 minutes incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$, improved as a incubation time increased, and decreased gradually after 120 minutes incubation(P<0.05). The optimal incubation time for restoration of meiotic spindle and chromosomes in cooled oocytes was 60 minutes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

To evaluate the microbiological quality of pork carcasses at different slaughtering process in large and small scale slaughtering houses, swabbing method was used to analyze microorganisms on the surface of pork belly in each process of before evisceration, after evisceration, before final wash, after final wash and in chilling. In autumn time, large scale slaughterhouse showed lower incidence of aerobic microorganisms (10²∼10³ CFU/㎠) than those of small scale slaughterhouse (10⁴∼10/sup 5/ CFU/㎠) during all processing lines. Samples from cold room of large scale slaughterhouse showed lower incidence of aerobic cells (10² CFU/㎠) than small scale slaughterhouse (10⁴ CFU/㎠). In winter and spring time, large scale slaughterhouse showed lower incidence of aerobic microorganisms than those of small scale slaughterhouse during the slaughtering process of before evisceration, after evisceration and before final wash, except spring samples from before final wash and chilling at cold room storage in spring time. After final wash, different sampling place of carcass such as belly, ham, jowl showed the different washing effect depending on the small and large scale slaughterhouse. After final wash, ham and belly had lower aerobic cell counts, but jowl had higher aerobic cell counts than each site before final wash.