• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2010

This study investigated the longitudinal effects of family risk factors, parent-child relationships, and language abilities of children in low-income families in terms of both school adjustment and academic performance. The subjects were 176 children aged 5 to 7 and their mothers. They participated in follow up studies over the next 3 years. The children were tested using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales and language tests; and classroom teachers rated their levels of both school adjustment and academic performance. Mothers reported parent-child relationships, maternal depression, and family economic resources. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Our results indicated that there were direct effects of language abilities, and indirect effects of parent-child relationships and maternal depression upon children's school adjustment and academic performance. It was also revealed that language abilities had a mediating effect between parent-child relationship and school adjustment/ academic performance.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2017

This study investigates the effect of a leadership program to enhance leadership skills in children from low-income families. A total of 45 elementary school students participated in the 52-week leadership program. Five leadership scales, such as goal attainment, paradigm shifting skills, skills to lead others, human relationship skills, and sense of purpose, were measured through survey questionnaires before and after implementing the program. In addition, individual teacher interviews examined the influence of the program on students' leadership skills. This study found that participants showed significant improvement after implementing the program in the three domains of the leadership skills (goal attainment, paradigm shifting skills, and human relationship skills); however, the skills to lead others and sense of purpose did not significantly change. The leadership teachers also stated that the program influenced positively on students' leadership skills; in addition, students' behavioral changes were found by developing relationships with other children as well as contemplating and attempting to find a future dream and vision. The leadership program was effective to enhance leadership skills in children from low-income families. This study can provide the theoretical and practical foundations for the development and implementation of effective leadership programs that meet the needs of children from low-income families.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.6 s.72
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• pp.201-218
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• 2004

The factors that affect the adjustment of the siblings of handicapped children were explored in this study. More specifically, how social and demographic variables affect the burdens the handicapped children's siblings experience, and how such burdens affect their adjustment in school and in the family were examined. The participants of this research were 139 students in elementary schools and middle schools, who have one or more handicapped siblings. The participants were recruited through their handicapped siblings who received services from social wet(are facilities in Daejon and Chungchong area. The scales used in this study were the measurement or Burdens for Handicapped children's siblings (Lee, Yoon Hwa, 2002), FACES (Olson et al, 1986). and The Measurement of Children's Adjustment in the School (Lim Jung Soon, 1993). The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, average. standard deviation, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. 'rho results show that handicapped children's siblings have no difficulty in adjusting in the family if they have a religion, an elderly mother, and a high family income. They have no difficulty in adjusting in the family and in school, as long as they have no or little negative change in family relationship, low psychological burden, and no negative relational change for the handicapped sibling. Father's age and the family income their the only factors that affect their adjustment in school.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.60
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• pp.36-46
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• 2006

The purpose if this study was to investigate mother' oral health management behavior to their children. Two hundreds sixty seven mothers with elementary school students were surveyed among the residents living of Iksan city, Korea. A questionnaire was constructed and administered to the samples. The research focused in the following items: the subjects' socio-demographic factors such as education level and employment and so on; their knowledge of plaque; the leading causes of caries, regular dental examinations; dental treatment; their interest in their children's dental health; the frequency of the subjects examining their children's teeth; non-cariogenic food preparation, etc. Being based in collected data, mothers' oral health management behavior to their children were analyzed according to maternal socio-demographic factor and result were following. There was a difference in the subjects knowledge of dental plaque in accordance with their employment or unemployment and family income. There was no difference in mother's oral health management behavior to their children according to parents' education level, the subjects' age and family income. Most of mother answered the main reason of dental caries was that their children did not toothbrush their teeth regularly and there was a difference in the understanding of the subjects in accordance with the education level of fathers and family income. The subjects had a low understanding of the effect of preventing caries with the help of fluoride. They didn't have enough understanding of water fluoridation. So it is necessary that active campaigns should be launched to enlighten people in relation to the ways of preventing dental caries with fluoride.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2017

This study investigated the latent groups depending on married working women's work-family spillover. The effects of factors that determine mental health subgroups and differences were also analyzed. Mixture modeling was applied to the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families to achieve the research objectives. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, there were four subgroups that could be defined according to the work-family spillover: mid-level spillover group (mid-positive and mid-negative spillover group), high-level spillover group (high-positive and high-negative spillover group), low-level spillover group (low-positive and low-negative spillover group), and high-negative and low-positive spillover group. Second, the results of mixture regression analysis to test the effect of eco-system variables showed that age, academic background, non-traditional family value, number of children, work hours, wage income, and availability of the maternity leave were significant determinants of the latent groups. The probability of classifying in the high-negative and low-positive spillover group increased when women showed a lower academic background and wage income, higher number of children and older age, and longer work hours than others. Third, the high-level spillover group, and the high-level spillover group showed the lowest stress and the lowest depression; however, the low-level spillover group reported the highest stress and the highest depression. Implications, limitations, and future directions were discussed based on the results.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to assess dietary habits and nutrition knowledge of elementary school students who use community food-service centers according to family type. The subjects were comprised of 147 individuals in low-income households, aged from 7 to 12 years, and who consumed free meals at community welfare centers or at local children's centers in Seoul and Kyunggi-do, Korea. Dietary habits and dietary intake were obtained using 24-hr recall. Children in low-income single parent families skipped breakfast more frequently than children in low-income married pa-rent families. No difference in nutrition intake or dietary habits was observed between children in low-income single parent families and children in low-income married parent families. More interest and financial support of the government are required to develop nutrition education and food assistance programs for children in low-income single parent families.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.185-202
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Seesaw & Swing Early Intervention Program on the positive changes of young children from low-income families. The Seesaw & Swing program was developed by the Community Chest of Korea (Hwang et al., 2009). The subjects for this study consisted of 534 3~6-year olds (177 in the service group, 357 in the control group) from low-income families. The instrument used was the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second edition (Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Balla, 2005). The results of this study indicated that the Seesaw & Swing intervention program produced positive effects in all of the domain areas under examination : namely, the communication abilities, life skills, socialization, physical development, and adaptive behaviors of young children. In conclusion, the Seesaw & Swing Early Intervention Program for young children from low-income families can be said to be an effective early intervention program which goes some way towards ending the intergenerational transition of poverty in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.323-339
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• 2010

This study examines how family and school social capital moderate the relation between family income and academic achievement. I use the data from the Korean Educational and Employment Panel(KEEP) on the third year middle school students in 2004. Results show that higher levels of family and school social capital, as well as financial capital such as family income are more positively associated with academic achievement. In addition, family and school social capital are served as moderators of the influences of family income on academic achievement. For example, higher parental concern about children and teacher-student bonding provides an extra boost to the positive relationship between family income and student achievement. Furthermore, lower educational expectations can make the relation between income and achievement negative. These findings underscore the importance of social capital at home and at school as the alternatives to promote academic achievement. In particular, greater concern and support encouraging social capital at home and school should be directed at low-income students who are struggling with academic achievement.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.165-177
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• 2015

Objectives: Based on individual and environmental characteristics of low-income children, we developed a nutrition education program for school-aged children from low-income families according to effective use in social welfare centers. Methods: We conducted in-depth group interviews to assess program needs in 28 participants, 10 low-income school-aged children and 9 of their care givers, 9 social workers and 9 care-givers. Theoretical backgrounds of our program were heath belief model and social cognitive theory considering motivation, action and environment characteristics. Results: Based on the findings of this qualitative study, we developed major program themes and contents. Five selected key themes were 'balanced diet', 'processed food', 'food hygiene and safety', 'Korean healthy traditional diet', and 'family cooking' to induce changes in dietary behaviors. Main findings of in-depth group interviews included 'child's active participation', 'simple and easy to understand messages', and 'environmental constraints' such as a lack of child care at home, limited budget of social welfare centers, and less qualified educators for nutrition and health. Each lesson was constructed as a 1-hour program particularly emphasizing activity-based programs, including cooking and teamwork exercises. Program contents in each session consisted of activities that could induce outcome and value expectations, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and barriers and cues to actions regarding diet behavior. Conclusions: We developed a nutrition education programthat is rarely available for low-income children in Korea, considering theoretical bases. Further studies are needed to validate our program.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.117-138
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of early storybook reading intervention participation on the first graders' language abilities in low income families. The subjects consisted of 148 first graders and their primary caregivers. The intervention group was composed of 100 first graders who participated in the early storybook reading intervention program in childcare or kindergarten. The comparison group comprised 48 first graders from equivalent social and economic backgrounds, who did not participate in the program. The language abilities of the children were tested and questionnaires regarding the home literacy environment, children's reading activities at home and parents' perceptions of their children's reading behaviors were completed by the children's primary caregivers. The data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. The results indicated that early intervention participation was directly associated with children's higher language abilities in first grade and indirectly influenced the children's language abilities through the home literacy environment, children's reading activities at home and parents' perceptions of their children's reading behaviors.