• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.390-398
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• 2007

Purpose: This comparative descriptive study was conducted to determine differences in maternal health related characteristics, child rearing burden, and social support depending on economic status. Method: Using home visits, data were collected from 100 poverty stricken mothers, 51 in the extremely poor group and 49 in the low income group, and 200 mothers of a general group being seen in one public health center. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify maternal health variables including child rearing burden and social support. Results: Parent's education level, marital status, and primary caregiver were significantly different according to socioeconomic status. Poverty stricken groups showed poor rates for prenatal checkups, lower Fe supplementation, and more artificial abortions and history of cesarean section. Continuing breast feeding as planned was significantly lower for mothers with low economic status. Present health problems of the mother, child-rearing burden, and social support were not significantly different among the three groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that special attention and interventions for the poverty stricken groups is important to improve maternal and child health status.

• 아동학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 심각한 사회병페의 한 원인으로 작용하고 있는 아동의 공격성행동이 부모빈곤과 어떻게 관련되어 있으며, 이 아동빈곤은 부모의 양육행동이 매개변인으로 작용했을 때 어느 정도까지 완충될 수 있는지를 밝히고자 하는데 있다. 종속적 연구접근으로, 부모빈곤은 아동이 생후 5개월 때, 양육행동은 17개월 때, 그리고 아동의 공격성 행동은 60개월 때 각각 측정 되었다. Structure equation modelling 분석 결과, 유아기 때의 부모빈곤은 아동기 공격성 행동을 예측하는 변인으로 작용하며, 부모의 양육행동은 그 매개체로 작용함을 입증하였다. 아울러 빈곤아동을 위한 조기 중재프로그램의 필요성을 강하게 시사하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.889-900
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• 2008

Child labour is a disturbing issue for any society. It is attempted here in this article to develop an estimator to assess the numerical strength of this menace in Lahore division. A Horvitz and Thompson (1952) type of estimator is developed where weights are calculated on the basis of poverty and illiteracy to increase the sampling efficiency. Different characteristic features of this estimator, like its unbiasedness, variance, probability distribution, confidence intervals are also developed for its study from different angles.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.796-804
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• 2009

Purpose: This quasi-experimental study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of an early nursing intervention program to support mothers of children aged 0-3 yr living in poverty. Methods: In this study, mothers who received financial support from the government were recruited from one city and assigned to an intervention group (24) and comparison group (18). They completed a baseline questionnaire about depression, child rearing burden, agreement on physical punishment, and child temperament. Also, Denver II screening of the children was performed by the researcher. Mothers in the intervention group received a home visit intervention every two weeks for three months. At 3-months post-baseline, questionnaire and Denver II screening were reused to compare these two groups. Results: Mother's depression, child rearing burden, agreement on physical punishment, and child temperament were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the percentage of depression declined only in the intervention group. Mothers in the intervention group showed higher Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) scores than mothers in the comparison group. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that this nursing intervention is an effective parenting program. The early nursing program for mothers with infant and toddlers in poverty is effective in promoting HOME, the child rearing home environment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.585-593
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• 2020

This study contributes to the existing literature by empirically exploring the causes of child labor in the Indonesian labor market. Factors identified include rate of poverty, average wages, education participation, and quality of education. This study utilized an aggregate data of 301 districts and cities across 34 provinces sourced from the National Labor Force Survey and the National School/Madrasah Accreditation Board of the Republic of Indonesia. Using a multiple regression analysis, the study found strong evidence of the positive effect of poverty on child labor. Conversely, the study documented the adverse impact of average wages on child labor in Indonesia. Similarly, the participation in the education system also contributed negatively to the child labor. Finally, the quality of education services is found to have a negative effect on child labor in Indonesia. The findings of this study suggest that, in efforts to reduce the involvement of children in the workforce, the poverty eradication program should be enhanced. The wages should be continuously improved, at least, in par with the changes in prices. Finally, the quality of education and its services ought to be further enhanced to attract more child student participation rates across junior high schools nationwide.

• 한국아동복지학
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• 제54호
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• pp.113-144
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 빈곤여부에 따라 아동의 가족내 사회적 자본, 가족외 사회적 자본 및 행복감에 차이가 있는지를 확인하고, 빈곤여부가 가족내 사회적 자본과 가족외 사회적 자본을 통해 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는지를 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 <2013 한국아동청소년종합실태조사>를 통해 수집된 만9세~만12세에 해당하는 766명의 아동과 그 부모를 대상으로 한 2차 자료를 구조방정식 모형을 통해 분석하였다. 매개효과의 유의성을 검증하기 위해 부트스트래핑(bootstrapping)방법을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 빈곤아동은 일반아동에 비해 가족내 사회적 자본 뿐만 아니라 가족외 사회적 자본도 부족하며, 행복감 수준도 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 빈곤여부는 아동의 행복감에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 보다는, 매개변수로 투입된 가족내 그리고 가족외 사회적 자본을 통해 행복감에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 매개경로도 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 빈곤가정 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 가족내, 외의 사회적 자본을 증진시키기 위한 정책적, 실천적 제언을 제시하였다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.57-79
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• 2009

본 연구는 초등학교 4학년에서 6학년에 이르는 3개년에 걸쳐 종단적으로 관찰된 빈곤경험이 학업성취, 자아존중감, 우울 불안, 주의집중 문제, 공격성, 비행에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 아동의 빈곤경험을 지속빈곤, 일시빈곤, 비빈곤으로 나눠 발달산물을 비교한 결과, 학업성취에서 빈곤아동과 비빈곤아동 사이의 격차가 두드러지고 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 빈곤경험과 발달궤적의 관계를 분석한 결과, 학업성취에서는 비빈곤아동은 시간이 갈수록 성취수준이 향상되는 긍정적 변화방향을 보이나 빈곤아동은 성취수준이 낮아지는 부정적인 변화방향을 보였다. 또 주의집중 문제, 공격성, 비행의 발달궤적 변화에서는 빈곤아동은 비빈곤아동에 비해 다소 낮은 수준을 보였다. 아동의 개인적, 가족적 특성을 통제한 결과 빈곤의 영향은 학업성취에 대해서만 통계적으로 유의하였다.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2014

Little attempt has been made to empirically investigate the effects of childhood poverty on children's educational attainments and their everyday life in Bangladesh. Quality education is a prominent aspiration in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), but there are few studies of school improvement in relation to the educational achievement of disadvantaged children living in rural Bangladesh. This article offers a theoretical understanding of childhood poverty and educational exclusion, building on the empirical research carried out in two rural areas to explore the following questions: Why do so many socio-economically disadvantaged children tend to dropout from formal secondary school? and Why do some succeed? After exploring the challenges of childhood poverty and educational exclusion, it shows how the challenges could be mitigated through attention to the ecology of human development in the contexts of individual children. Complex ways in which efforts can be made to tackle the challenges of childhood poverty are influenced by ecological factors within the context of the study. Recommendations for policy and practice are offered based on the findings to improve formal secondary schooling for socio-economically disadvantaged children in Bangladesh.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to figure out the physical development and health status of elementary children in poverty. Method: 306 children in poverty registered in 3 regional children centers located in Incheon were selected. The results were compared with those of the physical status of students all over the country in 2008. Result: The children in poverty were relatively poor in the growth state such as height and weight, compared with those in non-disadvantage family children. In eyesight to be corrected, the children in poverty reached 26%. As a result of a blood laboratory test, the children with high T-cholesterol reached 5.84%; high SGOT/GPT 6.3%. In anemia, 41.4% of boys in poverty were suffering from it, compared to 7.5% of girls. In Internet addiction, children in poverty showed lower value than those in non-disadvantage children, but there are correlated between CDI and internet addiction test. Conclusions: These results implies the children in poverty have more physical and emotional problems, so they are in danger of related to health. These matters mean that the management by professional health care should be provided, and the plan and policy for promoting health for the children in vulnerable group should be established and provided.

• 아동학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to analyze the environment of poverty children as reported by the children on a questionnaire. The conception of the environment was divided into the physical environment and the sociopsychological environment. The dimensions of the physical environment included household, cultural, and play conditions. The sociopsychological environment included structural (family values, family relationships, and the reinforcement system) and process variables(affect, care, and communication). For the purpose of this survey was administered to 122 children living in a poverty area and 102 children living in a middle-high income area. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, distribution, percentile, mean and one-way ANOVA. Major findings showed that (1) The physical environment as reported by the poverty children was meager compared with that of children in the middle-high income area: the households were more overcrowded, and cultural conditions, play materials, and space was more limited. (2) The Structural conditions of the sociopsychological environment as perceived by poverty children were more material and physical than that of children in the middle-high income area: family values were oriented more toward materialism: family relationships were more negative and distant: and the reinforcement system was based more on material reward and physical punishment. (3) Process variables were perceived by poverty children as more laissez-faire and rigid; the parents neglected their children and communicated unilaterally more than the middle-high income parents. (4) Poverty children's perception of the causes of poverty and wealth were perceived as personal and social factors.