• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2012

This study examined young children's beliefs about trait stability based on trait type and valence. Participants included 120 children (40 three-year-olds, 40 four-year-olds, and 40 five-year olds) recruited from 3 day-care-centers and 1 kindergarten in Seoul and Kyung-Ki province. Results revealed that young children's understanding of traits differed based on trait type and valence. Children demonstrated a strong belief that social-intention traits are more stable and harder to change when compared to internal-state traits. Young children's beliefs on trait stability were also strongly influenced by trait valence. They believed that negative traits are more likely to change for the better while positive traits have greater stability and are less likely to change over time.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1183-1192
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• 2012

Objectives : This study is for suggesting the data base for help mother and child improve the oral health enhancement action from understanding child's oral health enhancement action from mother's oral health education experience and researching the effects of mother's oral health enhancement action on child's oral health enhancement action. Methods : The subject was 220 children and mothers of some kindergarten in Jeollabuk-do, Korea out of convenience'sampling. The results were collected by carrying out a survey out of self record method from visiting the kindergarten from June 24th to July 12th. and were analyzed. Results : 1. The mother's and child's oral health enhancement action was satisfactory in the factor of 'toothbrushing', 'oral hygiene care item' and 'periodic visits' in case the subjects have experienced oral health education, and that data was meaningful statistically. 2. In the oral health enhancement action practiced by mother to child from existence or absence of the mother's oral health education experience, the data was meaningful statistically in the factor of 'directly brushing its teeth more than once a day', 'washing its tongue' and 'coaching that child could keep the toothbrush not to overlap with other toothbrushes'. 3. In the factor that affect to oral health enhancement action practiced by mother to child, 'toothbrushing' and 'oral hygiene care item' were high level of the mother's oral health enhancement action, and that data was meaningful'statistically. Conclusions : The children's oral health condition could be influenced by mother's oral health knowledges and attention. Accordingly, oral health education for the mother and child has to be enforced'systematically'suited for the characteristic change of oral condition with children age groups. Also, utilizing human resources who have expertise and development of the oral health education program are needed.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.465-480
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• 2017

This study examined the relationship between family meal time and emotional well-being for 5,186 fathers who were employed and had at least one child aged under 18 for the years 2009 and 2014 by analyzing their time diaries. In doing so, changes in time spent by fathers on family meals between 2009 and 2014 were also examined along with the factors associated with the amount of meal time for each year in order to understand ways to increase paternal participation in family meals. Analytic results showed that a father's family meal time had a positive association with his time use and life satisfaction; however, fathers who spent more than 40 minutes a day having meals with the family reported the highest score in time use and life satisfaction. The amount of time fathers spent on family meals increased from 38 minutes in 2009 to 43 minutes in 2014, whose change turned out to be mainly attributable to something more than the compositional change in the population between the two years, such as growing public awareness or cultural acceptance of the value of family meal. Fathers in dual-earner households tend to have longer family meal times; however, different factors were associated with their family meal times in 2009 and 2014. Policy implications are discussed in light of the government-initiated dining table education campaign to increase family meal time for the sake of children's character education at home.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 1981

This study is designed to analyze the child's behaviour development and consider parent's expectation toward it. In the research of the aspect of child's behaviour development, first, this study will analyze the change and development a child shows according to his age, sex, and the community where he is brought up, and then, the relationship between child's behaviour development and parent's expectation toward it. (1) Child's Behaviour Development. a) According to Age. At the age of three ; In such behaviours as wiping nose, dressing, brushing teeth, putting on coat alone, going to toilet for B.M., going on errands, and playing contentedly alone, washing hands, greeting his elders, a child at the age of three to four shows a rapid development, and therefore it seems better to train a child in these behaviors age of three. At the age of four ; In such behaviors sharing cakes with friends, riding on a tricycle, a child shows great development, at the age of four to five, and therefore it seems better to train him in them at the age of four. At the age of five ; In such behaviors as combing hair, putting toys away in proper place, telephoning a child shows great development at the age of five to six, and therefore it seems better to train him in them at the age of five. b) According to sex and community. As a whole, there is little difference between sexes and the communities. It can be estimated from this that sex or the community has on the whole no great influence on the basic aspects of child's behavior development. (2) Parent's expectation. On the whole parent's expectation falls short of a child's development in behaviors ; especially, bathing himself, dressing, going to toilet for B.M, going to toilet to urinate, telephoning, etc. This tendency is consficuous in the case of three or four year old children. This results from parent's protecting in excess their children and reducing the opportunities to encourage the children's independence by delaying the babyhood. (3) The relationship between child's behaviour development and parent's expectation. a) On the whole, the behaviour of a child is at a higher level than parent's expectation. b) As a child grows from three years to six, his behaviour develops on the whole in accordance with the increase of parent's expectation. But the level of the former is lower than that of the latter. c) According to computing a coefficient of correlation is as follows. 3 years old ; .84 4 years old ; .90 5 years old ; .87 6 years old ; .89 It shows there is a high correlation between child's Behaviour and Parent's Expectation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.199-206
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• 2013

Objectives : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Asperger's disorder (AD) in children are associated with attentional problems, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulties with social interactions. Pharmacological treatment may alleviate symptoms of ADHD, but seldom solves difficulties with social interactions. Social skills training (SST) may assist in improving their social interactions. We examined the effects of SST on children's social competences, general behavior, and ADHD symptoms. Methods : Thirty four children, aged 7 to 12 years, participated in the cognitive behavioral SST program once a week at the outpatient division of child-adolescent psychiatry. SST was composed of 24 sessions (ninety minutes) for 6 months. Twenty-five children were diagnosed with ADHD, and 9 children were diagnosed with AD. Parents of the children rated Korea-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Conner's rating scales, Korean-ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS), Social Skill Rating System (SSRS), and Matson's Social Skill Rating Scale as an evaluation of the treatment effect, before the first session and after the final session of the training. Results : The ADHD group showed significantly increased scores of social and social competence of CBCL and SSRS. Further, scores of externalizing problems of CBCL, CRS, and ARS were significantly decreased. The Asperger's group showed significantly increased scores of social competence of CBCL, SSRS, and MESS. There was a significant difference of the improvement in CBCL's school and total behavior problem score, CRS between drug change group and no drug change group. Conclusion : The result of this study suggests that SST is effective in improving social skills for children with ADHD and AD. In addition, SST has shown its effectiveness in treating attentional problems for children with ADHD. To prove objective usefulness of SST, further studies with a more structured design and long-term duration along with a sufficient number of AD participants will be necessary.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2019

In past patriarchal societies, childbearing was considered the sole possession of women. At a time when women were struggling to move into society, the concept of parenting as the mainstay of the capitalist economic society and the head of the family has naturally been taken for granted by a woman named "housewife." Since the role of male babies is as important as that of females, Fathers are trying to promote the importance of the effects of fathers due to active participation in childcare and help change old perceptions of the past. Men also know the importance of participating in childcare in early childhood, but often do not know what their children want or why they cry due to lack of basic child care knowledge and lack of education. We tried to give fathers the meaning of indirect experience and change their perception of parenting by producing interactive VR content, which is completed with dad's participation, so that they can experience the child in person. In addition, through familiar childcare professional product advertisement and 360 degree stereo sound. It is made to immerse in the game to gain persuasive effect, inducing fathers to have interest and interest in childrearing.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2021

Purpose: A change in diagnosis from ulcerative colitis (UC) to Crohn's disease (CD) has been reported in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease; however, only a few clinical characteristics and predictors of this diagnostic change have been reported. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with UC who underwent a change in diagnosis to CD and identify variables associated with the change. Methods: The medical records of pediatric patients with UC who were followed up at the National Center for Child Health and Development between 2006 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data on disease phenotype, laboratory parameters, endoscopic findings, and treatment of patients whose diagnosis changed to CD (cCD) were compared to those of patients whose diagnosis remained UC (rUC). Results: Among the 111 patients initially diagnosed with UC, 11 (9.9%) patients were subsequently diagnosed with CD during follow-up. There was no significant difference between the cCD and rUC groups in terms of sex, age at initial diagnosis, and the extent and severity of disease at initial diagnosis. Albumin and hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in the cCD group than in the rUC group. The proportion of patients who required biologics was significantly higher in the cCD group than in the rUC group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Approximately 10% children initially diagnosed with UC were subsequently diagnosed with CD. Hypoalbuminemia and anemia at initial diagnosis and use of biologics could be predictors of this diagnostic change.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2017

Over the past quarter century, research on physical punishment has proliferated. Almost without exception, these studies have identified physical punishment as a risk factor in children's behavioral, emotional, cognitive and brain development. At the same time, the United Nations has established that physical punishment constitutes a breach of children's basic human rights to protection and dignity. Together, research findings and human rights standards have propelled profound global change. To date, 51 countries have prohibited all physical punishment of children. In this article, we review the literature on physical punishment within its historical context, and provide recommendations for health professionals working with families.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.159-175
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to explor the ideas about childrearing represented in the Korean central daily newspapers. The method used for this study is the content analysis and the data are articles of Dong-a ilbo and Cho-seun ilbo from 1920's to 1970's. It is found that the contents of childrearing articles were concerned on childrearing practices conformable with social change for industrial capitalization during twentieth century of Korea. These articles dealt with problems of practices in the pregnancy-delivery, nurturing, teaching, disciplining and interfacing between home and institutional education of school. Especially, these article put great emphasis on preservation of health and hygiene of child, interfacing between child and school education, and meeting martial needs of child. Also they made the issuse of adult-centered manners in the child-rearing.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2023

Objectives: The coronavirus disease pandemic affected people's lives in different ways, including child education and parent-child interactions. The present study aimed to identify the educational opportunities of children and challenges of parents during this pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative and phenomenological method. The participants were 23 parents of children aged 7-12 years, selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews, which continued until data saturation was reached, and then classified and processed following Strauss and Glasser's approach. Results: The findings were classified as parenting transformation, attachment challenges, and parenting challenges due to macro-systemic changes. Online education and changes caused by social distancing were the most significant parenting challenges. Moreover, children did not have the necessary space to be independent and self-sufficient. Conclusion: For many children, adapting to virtual education has been challenging; therefore, parents should change their parenting control and support. The emergence of such challenges has led to the creation of more opportunities in the field of child education.