• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2021

Objectives: The correlation between the size of a leak hole, the volume of the leakage, and the range of influence was investigated for a hydrochloric acid tank-lorry. Methods: For the case of a tank-lorry chemical accident, KORA (Korea Off-site Risk Assessment Supporting Tool) was used to predict the leak rate and the range of influence according to the size of the leak hole. The correlation was studied using R. Results: As a result of analyzing the leak rate change according to the leak hole size in a 35% hydrochloric acid tank-lorry, as the size of the leak hole increased from 1 to 100 mm, the leak rate increased from 0.008 to 83.94 kg/sec, following the power function. As a result of calculating the range of influence under conditions ranging from 1 to 100 mm in size and 10 to 60 minutes of leakage time, it was found that the range spanned from a minimum of 5.4 m to a maximum of 307.9 m. As a result of multiple regression analysis using R, the quadratic function model best explained the correlation between the size of the leak hole, the leak time, and the range of influence with an adjected coefficient of determination of 0.97 and a root mean square error of 22.33. Conclusion: If a correlation database for the size of a leak hole is accumulated for various substances and under various conditions, the amount of leakage and the range of influence can easily be calculated, facilitating field response activities.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10b
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• pp.170-175
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• 1992

A leak detection method for diagnosis of the leak position in a pipeline was developed using an estimation theory with the assumption that the measured flow rates and pressures are stochastic processes. A notch filter was designed using power spectral density analysis of measurements to reduce the effects of disturbances. The noise model dimension was determined by hypothesis testing and then recursive extended least square method was applied to estimate the leak position in real time. The proposed method was applied to an experimental system for evaluation of its performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2019

In recent years, dangerous materials and gas leak accidents have been frequently occurred. The hazardous materials storage facility accidents are not rapidly controlled when a leak is detected, unlike other chemical plants can be controled. Externally, the human has to approach and respond to the source of leaking directly. As a result, the human and material damage are likely to larger result in the process. The current approach has been passive response after ringing the alarm. In this study, the suggested tracking system of the leak resource is designed system to track the resource actively by utilizing the mobile sensor robot platform, which can be made easily through recent rapid development technology, is verified through prototype system. Thus, a suggested system should pave the way for minimizing the spread and damage of the accident based on the exact site situation of the initial leak and quick and early measures.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.213-221
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose is to find the optimal way to quickly block the leak in the event of a leak accident in a tank lorry transporting hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, a hazardous chemical, and to carry out effective disaster prevention work to minimize damage caused by the leak. Method: We organized the overall characteristics of hydrochloric acid and accidents that occurred during transportation by accident type and cause, and created a small tank that can be tested assuming a leak situation in a hydrochloric acid tanker, creating an environment similar to the leak situation, and leaking in various ways. I would like to experiment and organize blocking methods. Result: Through experiments, an effective leak blocking method was confirmed. We would like to summarize measures to quickly block a leak in the event of a leak and present the optimal disaster prevention plan that can be applied at the accident site. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that using a combination of adhesive tape and magnets is more effective in blocking leaks. Rapid response is possible by repeatedly training business emergency response teams and product transporters to appropriately select and respond to leak-blocking equipment. Additional research on various leak prevention methods is needed in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.25-31
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• 2022

In this study, the spill and leak system is developed to provide real-time remote monitoring of industrial complexes where chemical accidents have been occurring every year. The spill and leak monitoring system uses IR-RCD equipment mounted on a 70m-high steel tower to detect chemical substances, thereby detecting chemical accidents such as leaks, fires, and explosions in real time. If IR-RCD equipment can actually detect chemical substances at a long distance, accurate and rapid initial response can be expected. Therefore, in order to confirm that IR-RCD equipment can detect chemical leakage accidents occurring at a long distance, acetone was selected as the experimental substance and a detection experiment was designed. The experiment was conducted using the acetone pool evaporation method at the wharf which was located 1.5 km away from IR-RCD equipment, and it was confirmed whether IR-RCD equipment could detect acetone in real time through the control monitor.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.39-42
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• 2016

A PFA lined ball valve, which is machined with fluorinated resin PFA to its inner part for improving corrosion resistance, non-stickness, heat-resistance, has been widely used to the chemical/pharmaceutical industries, the semiconductor/LCD manufacturing processes, etc. with the high purity chemicals as working fluid. EPA stated that 60% of all fugitive emissions come from the valve stem packing in a typical petroleum or chemical processing plant. They monitor regulated components for leaks and maintain seal performance at acceptable levels. Korean industrial standards only deals with the bubble test for in-line leakage of valves, which has the detectable leak rate of $10^{-4}$ [$mbar{\cdot}L{\cdot}s^{-1}$], therefore, it is not sufficient to check fugitive emissions. In this study, we conducted Helium leak detection from a PFA lined ball valve and evaluated fugitive emissions according to ISO 15848-1, which has the detectable leak rate of $10^{-9}$ [$mbar{\cdot}L{\cdot}s^{-1}$], for manufacturing the high-reliable PFA lined ball valves against fugitive emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 2016

Nowadays, a number of sensors which are placed in industrial complex are monitoring areas involving chemical leak and other faults. However, even in the presence of the sensors, chemical leaks, sometimes involving huge amount of chemicals, continuously led to big losses in the industrial complex. In most industries, sensor installation has been performed using past experience or using senor manufacturers' guideline; which leads to poor performance of the installed sensor grid. Therefore, we investigate an optimal placement methodology of point sensors for rapid detention and response when chemical leaks happen. This research suggests a generalized formulation suitable for the optimized decision making of minimizing number of sensors to be placed and increasing the fraction of covered scenarios under assumption of negligible effect of other structures. The proposed method has been verified for suitable performance for simple leak scenario simulations, by achieving the safety objectives and guaranteeing safe process operations.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2017

Background: In chemical pleurodesis for managing pulmonary air leak, tetracycline derivatives are commonly used, and their effectiveness has been established in many studies. Recently, a Viscum album extract was used in chemical pleurodesis. We compared the effects of V. album with those of a tetracycline derivative (doxycycline) to demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness of the V. album extract in chemical pleurodesis for managing pulmonary air leak. Methods: Between October 2010 and October 2016, chemical pleurodesis was performed using doxycycline in 40 patients and the V. album extract in 37 patients. Thirty-three patients were in the postoperative state after pulmonary resection, and 44 patients suffered from spontaneous pneumothorax. Results: No statistically significant difference in the success rate was observed between the 2 groups (V. album extract and doxycycline). In both groups, chest pain was the most common complication. More patients in the doxycycline group complained of severe chest pain (42.1% vs. 13.5%, p=0.006). In the V. album extract group, 24.3% of the patients required a chest tube to drain the pleural effusion after cessation of the air leak (doxycycline group: 5%, p=0.022). Further, the amount of pleural effusion drained on the day after the last chemical pleurodesis in the V. album extract group was greater than that in the doxycycline group ($162.2{\pm}170.2mL$ vs. $97.0{\pm}77.2mL$, p=0.032). All patients were discharged from the hospital without complications after pleural effusion drainage. Conclusion: Considering that treatment using the V. album extract was less painful, V. album might be a feasible option for chemical pleurodesis. However, pleural effusion should be monitored carefully when using V. album extract for treating patients suffering from air leak.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

P-PIE is a program developed to estimate failure probability of pipes and pressure vessels considering fatigue and stress corrosion crack growth. Using the program, crack growth simulation was performed with an initially existing crack in order to examine the effects of initial crack depth distribution on the leak probability of pipes. In the simulation stress corrosion crack growth was considered and several crack depth distribution models were used. From the results it was found that the initial crack depth distribution gives great effect on the leak probability of pipes. The log-normal distribution proposed by Khaleel and Simonen gives lower leak probability compared other exponential distribution models. The effects of the number and the quality of pre-service and in-service inspections on the leak probability were also examined and it was recognized that the number and the quality of pre-service and in-service inspections are also give great effect on the leak probability. In order to reduce the leak probability of pipes in plants it is very important to improve the quality of inspections. When in-service inspection is performed every 10 years and the quality of inspection is above the very good level, the leak probability shows nearly constant value after the first inspection for an initially existing crack.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2017

For commercialization of hydrogen refuelling station (HRS), we need to reduce the clearance distance for jet fire in the real entities in the HRS. Thus, we revisited the current regulations of clearance distance for jet fire in the law. The law in korea has been set up by replica of japan, not by our own scientific basis. Recently, sandia lab developed Hydrogen Risk Assessment Model (HyRAM) tools and we simulated a series of circumstances such as 10 to 850 bar with several leak hole sizes. In 850 bar with 10 mm diameter hole leak cases, it shows $4,981kW/m^2$ at 12 m separation from leak source and $1,774kW/m^2$ at 17 m separation from leak source. In 850 bar with 1 mm diameter leak hole, it shows $0.102kW/m^2$ at 12 m separation and $0.044kW/m^2$ at 17 m separation. Current law may be acceptable with 1 mm hole size with 850 bar.