• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호통권34호
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• pp.85-99
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• 1998

본 논문은 케이슨의 인양작업중 Fitting Anchor의 취성파괴로 인한 들고리의 붕괴원인을 조사하기 위한 실험적 연구이다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 응력해석을 통하여 들고리의 붕괴메카니즘을 분석하고 이를 실제 붕괴과정과 비교한다. 본 연구에서는 파괴된 강재에 대한 파면해석 뿐만아니라 화학성분시험, 인장시험 및 샤르피 V-노치 충격시험을 실시한다. 그리고 이의 시험 결과를 정상적인 강재에 대한 시험결과와 비교한다. 본 연구의 거시적, 미시적인 방법으로 결함을 관찰한 결과, Fitting Anchor 내부에 원주방향으로 나타난 표면결함은 케이슨의 진수시 발생하는 들고리의 인장응력이 작용하기 전에 발생한 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 균열선단의 응력집중이 발생하여 작용응력보다 큰 응력이 결함에 발생한 것임을 알 수 있다. 또한, 잠재한 결함의 크기가 임계값 이상으로 증가하여 본 연구대상 강재의 응력확대계수가 증가하였을 것으로 판단된다. 그래서 균열선단의 응력확대계수가 본 강재의 파괴인성보다 크게 되어 케이슨의 인양작업중에 취성파괴를 일으킨 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 케이슨 들고리의 붕괴는 Fitting Anchor의 취성파괴로 발생한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2010

Higher strength and fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel steels can be obtained by changing the material specification from that of Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel (SA508 Gr.3) to Ni-Mo-Cr low alloy steel (SA508 Gr.4N). However, the operation temperature of the reactor pressure vessel is more than $300^{\circ}C$ and the reactor operates for over 40 years. Therefore, we need to have phase stability in the high temperature range in order to apply the SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel for a reactor pressure vessel. It is very important to evaluate the temper embrittlement phenomena of SA508 Gr.4N for an RPV application. In this study, we have performed a Charpy impact test and tensile test of SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel with changing impurity element contents such as Mn and P. And also, the mechanical properties of these low alloy steels after longterm heat treatment ($450^{\circ}C$, 2000hr) are evaluated. Further, evaluation of the temper embrittlement by fracture analysis was carried out. Temper embrittlement occurs in KL4-Ref and KL4-P, which show a decrease of the elongation and a shifting of the transition curve toward high temperature. The reason for the temper embrittlement is the grain boundary segregation of the impurity element P and the alloying element Ni. However, KL4-Ref shows temper embrittlement phenomena despite the same contents of P and Ni compared with SC-KL4. This result may be caused by the Mn contents. In addition, the behavior of embrittlement is not largely affected by the formation of $M_3P$ phosphide or the coarsening of Cr carbides.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2001

Melt super-heating which promotes shape modification of ${\beta}$ intermetallic compounds was conducted to improve mechanical properties of recycled AC2B aluminum alloy. Modification of needle-shape ${\beta}$ intermetallic compounds was effective for the specimens of AC2B aluminum alloys containing 0.85wt.% Fe by melt super-heating, in which the melts had been held at $850^{\circ}C$ or $950^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes respectively. Owing to the modification of needle-shape of ${\beta}$ intermetallic compounds by melt superheating of the alloy with containing 0.85wt.% Fe to $950^{\circ}C$, increases in elongation and tensile strength were prominent to be more than double and 55% respectively in comparison with the melt heated to $740^{\circ}C$. Moreover, modification of needle-shape ${\beta}$ intermetallic compounds in the alloy containing O.85wt.% Fe by $950^{\circ}C$ melt super-heating led to 48% improvement of the value of impact absorbed energy as compared with the melt heated to $740^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

This paper has an purpose to study the effect of C on the toughness of YS 460 MPa FCAW weld metal. These effects were evaluated by charpy impact and CTOD test about 4 FCAW weld metal containing various C and Si content in relation to microstructure. Increase of C content was helpful to increase AF volume fraction and reduce PF(G) and FS volume fraction by increasing super cooling rate for ferrite transformation. Also, Increase of C content up to 0.045wt% made the strength and impact toughness higher by increasing AF volume fraction. The weld metal containing higher C content indicated higher CTOD value. It is because the volume fraction of PF(G) and FS, can play a role as crack initiation site, was reduced. Effect of C on the strength and elongation of weld metal was higher with an increase of Si contents.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2017

This study is about the mechanical properties of epoxy composite reinforced with nano $TiO_2$ particle. Tensile strength, fracture toughness, vicker's hardness and Izod Impact test were carried out to investigate the effect of particle size and content of $TiO_2$ on the mechanical properties of $TiO_2$/epoxy composites. The results showed that the strength of the $TiO_2$/epoxy composites were higher than that of the pure epoxy. The best improvement of tensile strength was achieved in case of the particle size was 21 nanometer and the content was 3 weight percent. However, the Izod Impact value and the Vicker's hardness of $TiO_2$/epoxy composites showed no clear tendency.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.2109-2115
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• 2001

Miniaturized specimen technology is useful to characterize the mechanical behavior when it is difficult to sample the material enough for the test. In this study, two kinds of miniaturized Charpy impact specimens(i.e., miniaturized specimen with side groove and without side groove) of aged 1Cr- lMo-0.25V steel were prepared and tested. The relationship between the extent of degradation in terms of ductile brittle transition temperature(DBTT) and the fracture stress of 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel was established. The fracture stress obtained from miniaturized specimen without side groove turned out to be linearly related with the DBTT of standard specimen. Therefore the fracture toughness of aged turbine rotor steel might be evaluated by the fracture stress. In addition, the correlation between DBTT of standard specimen and that of miniaturized specimen was investigated. As the results of normalizing DBTT by maximum elastic tensile stress, the normalized DBTT of miniaturized specimen without side groove allows one to estimate that of standard specimen.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.525-530
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• 2013

This study investigated the continuous cooling transformation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of highstrength low-alloy steels containing B and Cu. Continuous cooling transformation diagrams under non-deformed and deformed conditions were constructed by means of dilatometry, metallographic methods, and hardness data. Based on the continuous cooling transformation behaviors, six kinds of steel specimens with different B and Cu contents were fabricated by a thermomechanical control process comprising controlled rolling and accelerated cooling. Then, tensile and Charpy impact tests were conducted to examine the correlation of the microstructure with mechanical properties. Deformation in the austenite region promoted the formation of quasi-polygonal ferrite and granular bainite with a significant increase in transformation start temperatures. The mechanical test results indicate that the B-added steel specimens had higher strength and lower upper-shelf energy than the B-free steel specimens without deterioration in low-temperature toughness because their microstructures were mostly composed of lower bainite and lath martensite with a small amount of degenerate upper bainite. On the other hand, the increase of Cu content from 0.5 wt.% to 1.5 wt.% noticeably increased yield and tensile strengths by 100 MPa without loss of ductility, which may be attributed to the enhanced solid solution hardening and precipitation hardening resulting from veryfine Cu precipitates formed during accelerated cooling.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2014

In this work, an integrated model including molecular dynamics and chemical rate theory was implemented to calculate the growth of point defect clusters(PDC) and copper-rich precipitates(CRP) which could change the mechanical properties of reactor pressure vessel(RPV) steels in a nuclear power plant. A number of time-dependent differential equations were established and numerically integrated to estimate the evolution of irradiation defects. The calculation showed that the concentration of the vacancies was higher than that of the self-interstitial atoms. The higher concentration of vacancies induced a formation of the CRPs in the later stage. The size of the CRPs was used to estimate the mechanical property changes in RPV steels, as is the same case with the PDCs. The calculation results were compared with the measured values of yield strength change and Charpy V-notch transition temperature shift, which were obtained from the surveillance test data of Korean light water reactors(LWRs). The estimated values were in fair agreement with the experimental results in spite of the uncertainty of the modeling parameters.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2009

Tandem GMAW is one of the high performance welding process and used in many industries to increase the productivity. An evaluation is presented of the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of the Tandem GMAW and conventional Single GMAW welds in 30mm thickness 490MPa grade steel by comparison method. Welding sequence and bead with and hight was kept, avoiding the effect of the bead shape and welding sequence. Tension, bending, hardness and Charpy impact test results of Tandem GMAW met the requirement of specification and showed similar distribution with conventional Single GMAW. Volume fraction of ferrite phase in weld metal showed little difference between Tandem GMAW and Single GMAW

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.391-394
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• 2004

The main purpose of the present study has been placed on investigating the effects of controlled cooling on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 0.2C-0.2Si-0.8Mn-B steel for cold forming. The steel was processed in steel making factory(EAF, VD) and casted to $\Box160$ billet then reheated in walking beam furnace and rolled to coil, rolling stock was acceleratly cooled before coiling. Microstructual observation, tensile test and charpy impact tests were conducted. The mechanical properties and microsture of the steel were changed by cooling condition. The grain size of rolled product decreased with increasing cooling rate, resulting in increase of impact toughness and tensile strength, elongation and reduction of area . From the result of this study, it is conformed that mechanical properties and microstructure of 0.2C-0.2Si-0.8Mn-B steel for cold forming were enhanced by accelerated cooling.