• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1045-1051
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• 2005

We developed an orofacial pains diagnosis/therapy system which can enlarge a therapy effect through a new stimulation. Contrary to its established method, this therapy system(DDTS-1) is a treating method which absorbs a surplus ion charge- the cause of an outbreak of a pain-of the human body using a capacitor. Absorbing a surplus ion charge of the human body with effect, it obtained optimal parameters which is control signal to control charging/discharging a capacitor to be 6Hz, and capacitance to be $0.1\~0.33{\mu}F.$ Through clinical demonstration, experimented on among patients-namely dental pain patients, joint disorders patients, and trigeminal neuralgia patients to verification of system. In result, an EAST stimulater had a very low change of abnormal potential against normal potential before/after being placed under medical care. DDTS-1 showed obvious differences that two potentials are one and the same potential or one potential is similar to the other one. DDTS-1 comparing with EAST showed the remedial value of the comparative advantage in all the medical treatment of pains. Therefore, stimulation of DDTS-1 is more effective than the existing electric stimulation. We verified its validity of ion charge absorption in the human body using capacitor which presented the present thesis. That is, we verified theoretical adequacy of control action in a pain, and its efficiency as well as confidence.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.635-641
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• 2016

In order to drive a hybrid propulsion device which combines an engine and an electric propulsion unit, battery packs that contain dozens of unit cells consisting of a lithium-based battery are used to maintain the power source. Therefore, it is necessary to more strictly manage a number of battery cells at any given time. In order to manage battery cells, generally voltage, current, and temperature data under load condition are monitored from a personal computer. Other important elements required to analyze the condition of the battery are the internal resistances that are used to judge its state-of-health (SOH) and the open-circuit voltage (OCV) that is used to check the battery charging state. However, in principle, the internal resistances cannot be measured during operation because the parallel equivalent circuit is composed of internal loss resistances and capacitance. In most energy storage systems, battery management system (BMS) operations are carried out by using data such as voltage, current, and temperature. However, during operation, in the case of unexpected battery cell failure, the output voltage of the power supply can be changed and propulsion of the hybrid vehicle and vessel can be difficult. This paper covers the implementation of a high safety battery management system (HSBMS) that can estimate the OCV while the device is being driven. If a battery cell fails unexpectedly, a DC power supply with lithium iron phosphate can keep providing the load with a constant output voltage using the remainder of the batteries, and it is also possible to estimate the internal resistance.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 1998

Standard Zircaloy-4 sheets, charged with 230-250ppm hydrogen by the gas-charging method and homogenized at $400^{\circ}C$ for 72hrs in a vacuum, were corroded in pure water and aqueous LiOH solutions using static autoclaves at $350^{\circ}C$. Their corrosion behaviors were characterized by measuring their weight gains with the corrosion time and observing their microstructures using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The elemental depth profiles for hydrogen and lithium were measured using a secondary ion mass spectrometry(S1MS) to confirm their distributions at the oxidelmetal interface. The normal Zircaloy-4 specimens corroded abruptly and heavily at the concentration of Li ions more than 30ppm in the aqueous solution. This is due to accelerations by the rapid oxidation of many Zr- hydrides formed by the large amount of absorbed hydrogen, resulting from the increased substitution of $Li^{+}$ ions with $Zr^{4+}$-sites in the oxide as the Li ion concentration increased. The specimens that had been charged with amounts of hydrogen greater than its solubility corroded early with a more rapid acceleration than normal specimens, regardless of the corrosion solutions. At longer corrosion times. however, normal specimens showed a rather accelerated corrosion rate compared to the hydrogen-charged specimens. These slower corrosion rates of the hydrogen-charged specimens at the longer corrosion times would be due to the pre-existent Zr-hydride in the matrix, which causes the hydrogen pick- up into the specimen to be depressed, when the oxide with an appropriate thickness formed.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

[ $LiNi_{1-x}Co_xO_2\;(x=0.0\~1.0)$ ] powders were synthesized by citrate method, and their crystal structures and electrochemical performance as the cathode material in Li secondary batteries were analyzed. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the samples carry a single phase regardless of the Co substitution. The results of Rietveld refinement suggested that the crystal structure of solid solutions varies according to the Co substitution. When the Co substitution is low $(x=0.3\~0.5)$, the solid solutions carry a cubic-like structure with a relatively small value in the ratio of lattice parameters (c/a). The solid solutions made with a higher Co substitution (x=0.7), however, exhibit a layered structure with a higher c/a ratio. This difference was also observed in the electrochemical voltage spectroscopy (EVS) profiles, whereby the Co component in scarcely substituted materials shows a charging reaction at $3.7V\;(vs.\;Li/Li^+)$, but in the heavily substituted ones at 3.92V.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 2003

Zn electrode was widely used as an anode material in alkaline battery systems in highly concentrated KOH electrolyte, however it was well known that its cycle life is significantly shortened by growth of dendrite due to the high dissolution of $Zn(OH)_2$ and rapid electrochemical reaction. In this study when by the additives such as $Ca(OH)_2$, Citrate, tartrate and Gluconate were added to $40\%$ KOH electrolyte at solution temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ and the amount of $5wt\%\;Pb_3O_4$ was mixed to Zn electrode and then the effect of $Pb_3O_4$ and additives on the electrochemical behavior of Zn electrode was investigated by Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Accelerated Life Cycle lest, and SEM image analyses. The addition of $Pb_3O_4$ reduced the corrosion rate of Zn electrode. The corrosion potential of Zn electrode with $Pb_3O_4$ was higher or lower than that of pure Zn electrode however was not influenced practically to the open circuit voltage. And the addition of 4 type additives had an important role in improving both cycle life in accelerated cycle life test and corrosion resistance. Furthermore the additive of Tartrate indicated comparatively a good effect to corrosion resistance as well as charging-discharging property Improvement among those four type additives.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.27-41
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• 2019

To analyze the effectiveness of the safety e-reporting system, the present study carried out analysis of safety e-reporting data reported between September 2014 and July 2019, and selected items for measuring the effectiveness of safety e-reporting. Using these items, the effects of adopting the reporting system for the four major parking violations was analyzed, alongside an analysis of effects in terms of traffic accidents using the unit model. When we count the securement of the tax revenue through measures such as charging fines as the beneficial factor per case, the estimation of the benefit is around 62,000 KRW per case. Summing the two factors up, the total value of citizen's reports pertaining to the big four parking violations is about 275,000 KRW per case. Most of the reports made through the Safety e-Report system are about traffic and facilities. When we calculate the total annual benefit with the representative reporting value defined with traffic and facilities, the system received a total of 1,164,439 cases from 2014 to 2019, while citizens reported 52,721 cases for the big four parking violations from April to July 2019. As the value of a safety report is around the net benefit for last five years is around 27,340,000,000 KRW.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

There are two major types of underwater blasting at Korea, bridges and harbor construction work. Pier blasting for lay the foundation bridges construction is used dry excavation working (drilling and charging) after pump out water and then fire pump in water that is same as bench blasting. In contrast, underwater blasting for harbor construction and increase of harbor load depth is used to barge with digging equipment that is in oder to drilling on the surface and blasting work(charge, hook-up) under water. Thus, there are need to special concern such as charge method and hook-up method different from tunnel blasting work and bench blasting work. If do not use special concern breaks out dead pressure and mis fire because of there are so many difficult condition such as water pressure, obstruct field of vision. In this study underwater blasting at Busan Harbor Construction have consider with special concern that is plastic pipe charge method used to MegaMITE I and specialized buoy hook- up method make far initial system detonate on the surface used to TLD. The results is designed blast pattern charge per delay effect an inspection of verify between predict velocity and measure velocity. minimized break out mis fire consideration charge method, hook up method. According to result best underwater blasting design is 105mm drilling dia, MeGAMITE II, HiNLL Plus(non electric detonator).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.101-109
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• 2007

Two variations of toll roads exist: mainline toll plazas and entry/exit tolls. On a mainline toll system(open toll scheme), all vehicles stop at various locations along the highway to pay a toll. While this may save money from the lack of need to construct tolls at every exit, it can cause lots of traffic congestion, and drivers could evade tolls by going around them. With entry/exit tolls, vehicles collect a ticket when entering the highway, which displays the fares it will pay when it exits, increasing in cost for distance travelled. Upon exit, the driver will pay the amount listed for the given exit. The pressures on the Seoul ring roadway network have been changing over time. In the past, the emphasis was on mobility and maintenance of the road network to provide an efficient transportation network, but recently, road use has outstripped the network's ability to extend and expand the road network and hence the policy emphasis has moved towards reducing free riders rather than mitigating its effects. In addition to this pressure is an incidental pressure, which argues that provision of free ride segments generates further traffic in isolation of other factors. This paper is examining policies to reduce the burden of traffic congestion in Seoul ring roadway which is used open toll scheme for decades. One key mechanism to achieve this policy aim is automatic charging mechanism on freeway, but if a nation-wide electronic toll collection is to be implemented successfully, there are a number of prerequisites which must be place.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2008

In order to increase the surface area of electrodes for electrosorption, porous carbon electrodes were fabricated by a wet phase inversion method. A carbon slurry consisting of a mixture of activated carbon powder (ACP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent was cast directly on a graphite sheet. The cast film was then immersed in pure water for phase inversion. The physical and electrochemical properties of the electrodes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosimetry, and cyclic voltammetry. The SEM images verified that the pores of various sizes were formed uniformly on the electrode surface. The average pore sizes determined for the electrodes fabricated with various NMP contents ranged from 64.2 to 82.4 nm and the size increased as the NMP content increased. All of the voltammograms showed a typical behavior of charging and discharging characteristic at the electric double layer. The electrical capacitance ranged from 3.88 to $5.87F/cm^2$ depending on the NMP contents, and the electrical capacitance increased as the solvent content decreased. The experimental results showed that the solvent content is an important variable controlling pore size and ultimately the capacitance of the electrode.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2020

Mine Reclamation Project is being carried out with the aim of ensuring a sustainable green living and helping to develop eco-friendly mines by analyzing, removing and preventing the harmful factors. Mines developed during the japanese colonial period and mining boom period are still not repaired throughout the country, and from these scattered risks, public safety is worth pursuing as a top priority. The project that is close to public safety in the mine recalmation project is an emergency treatment, and the most widely used method is a filling method similar to the ground subsidence prevention. If dangerous mine cavity or tunnels are located in the mountains, charging with existing materials may not be possible, or unreasonable cases may occur, and new methods of technological development are required. Emergency actions should be carried out safely and efficiently to prevent the loss of precious people's lives on the hiking paths adjacent to dangerous mining sites. In these field conditions, urethane foam materials may be an alternative. In this study, the applicability of urethane foam materials in mining was reviewed through overseas cases. It was also tested on the appropriate depth of top soil for the protection of urethane foam materials through forest fire simulation test. The test result show that approximately 15cm of soil covering (recommended 20cm over) was suitable for maintaining the function of foam materials from forest fires.